• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.274-279
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• 2014

Bortezomib has been known as the most promising anti-cancer drug for multiple myeloma (MM). However, recent studies reported that not all MM patients respond to bortezomib. To overcome such a stumbling-block, studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of bortezomib resistance. In this study, we established a bortezomib-resistant cell line (U266/velR), and explored its biological characteristics. The U266/velR showed reduced sensitivity to bortezomib, and also showed cross-resistance to the chemically unrelated drug thalidomide. U266/velR cells had a higher proportion of CD138 negative subpopulation, known as stem-like feature, compared to parental U266 cells. U266/velR showed relatively less inhibitory effect of prosurvival NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling by bortezomib. Further analysis of RNA microarray identified genes related to ubiquitination that were differentially regulated in U266/velR. Moreover, the expression level of CD52 in U266 cells was associated with bortezomib response. Our findings provide the basis for developing therapeutic strategies in bortezomib-resistant relapsed and refractory MM patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2006

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether embryonic stem (ES) cells can be established from isolated blastomeres of mouse embryos. Methods: Blastomeres were separated from mouse (C57Bl/6J) 2- or 4-cell embryos. Isolated blastomeres or whole 4-cell embryos were co-cultured with mitosis-arrested STO feeder cells in DMEM supplemented with recombinant murine leukemia inhibitory factor and ES-qualified fetal bovine serum. After the tentative ES cell lines were maintained from isolated blastomeres or whole embryos, some of them were frozen and the others were sub-cultured continually. Characteristics of tentative ES cell lines as were evaluated for specific genes expressions with immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Results: One ES cell line (3.0%) was established from isolated blastomere of 2-cell embryo and one cell line (4.0%) from isolated two blastomeres of 4-cell embryo. And five cell lines (16.7%) were established from whole 4-cell embryos. Both cell lines from isolated blastomere and whole embryo expressed mouse ES cell specific markers such as SSEA-1, Oct-4 and alkaline phosphatase. Marker genes of three germ layers were expressed from embryoid bodies of both cell lines. Conclusion: This study suggests that mouse ES cells could be established from isolated blastomeres, although the efficiency is lower than whole embryos. This animal model could be applied to establishment of autologous human ES cells from biopsied blastomeres of preimplantation embryos in human IVF-ET program.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Abiotic-stressed tobacco stems as a non-wooden biomass were analyzed for their chemical characteristics. Light-stressed tobacco stems (LST) have a relatively high nitrogen concentration, much more extractive content, and a similar amount of lignin and higher contents of acid sugars than those of Non stressed tobacco (NST). It also has low cellulose crystallinity and a high degree of condensation. Guaiacyl units having a lower molecular weight distribution consist of rich lignin. Tension stressed tobacco (TST) growth differentiation under tensile stress was significantly different between normal tissue and cell walls, with the exception of the slightly higher cellulose crystallinity observed for.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.341-352
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify relatively important predictors of quality of life (QOL) of HSCT recipients among client's characteristics(age, gender, family income, religiosity), HSCT-related characteristics(time since HSCT, type of HSCT, decision maker of HSCT) and social support. Methods: Eighty two participants who had a HSCT were recruited for the study. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, pearson's correlation, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS for Window(version 12.0) program to answer the research questions. Results: Family income, time since HSCT and religiosity explained 23.8% of the variance in the QOL of HSCT recipients. HSCT recipients who had higher family income, longer time past since HSCT, and more religious tend to have higher quality of life. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, we could know that the HSCT recipients need certain amount of time to recover their QOL after HSCT. Opportunities of reemployment and religious support should be considered when we develop intervention program for HSCT recipients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.69-77
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• 2006

Background : Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in most of the tissue matrix, taking part in their regeneration when injury or damage occurs. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cells with pluripotential characteristics in human subchondral bone and the capacity of these cells to differentiate to osteoblast. Methods : Human subchondral bone were digested with collagenase. Isolated cells were cultured with a-MEM, 15% FBS, 10-8M dexamethasone and 50 ng/mL ascoric acid. Cells from 0 day(isolated cells), 7 day (first subculture) and 14 days (third subculture) were used to carry out phenotypic characterization experiments flowcytometry analysis with 11 monoclonal antibodies) and osteogenic differentiation experiments. Osteogenic differentiation of cells was assessment by quantification of bone extracellular matrix components by following analysis: alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stains to detect ALP activity, RT-PCR and western blot to detect osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and type I collagen(Col I), and Alizarin red stains to detect calcium deposition. Results : Flowcytometry analyses showed that in our population more than 98% of cells were positive for MSC markers: SH-2(CD105, 99%), CD29 (95%), CD73 (95%). Cells were negative for hematopoietic markers (CD11b, CD34, and CD45). Furthermore, cells showed positive stain to multipotent markers such as CDl17 (c-kit) (15.1%), and CD166 (74.9%), and cell adhesion molecules such as CD54 (78.1%) and CD106 (63.5%). The osteogenic specific marker analyses showed that the culture of these cells for 7 and 14 days stimulates ALP, OCN, OPN and Col I synthesis by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Also, after 14 days in the culture of MSCs induces mineralization by Arizarin red stain. Conclusion : In this work, we demonstrated a new and efficient method for osteoblastic differentiation of human subchondral bone stem cells. As MSCs takes part in reparative processes of adult tissues, these cells could play an important role in osteogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.43-49
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• 2007

Anatomical properties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) planted in a reclaimed-land of Korea were examined to understand the growth characteristics by an optical and scanning electron microscopy. The samples of kenaf were taken from four positions of the stem (3, 35, 70, 105 cm above from the ground) in four growth periods (July. August, September, October) from seeding planted in the middle of May. Bast fiber, phloem rays, cortex parenchyma cells and sieve tube members were observed in phloem, and vessel elements, fibers and rays in xylem. Solitary and multiple radial pores existed in xylem. The cell types of ray parenchyma in radial section were procumbent, upright, and square. The intervascular pitting showed an alternate type. Xylem proportion, the number of bast fibers and dimension of phloem rays increased with increasing growth period, and decreased with increasing stem height. The proportion of multiseriate rays was higher than that of uniseriate and biseriate rays in xylem with increasing growth period. On the other hand, The proportion of multiseriate rays was lower than that of uniseriate and biseriate rays in xylem with increasing stem height.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.492-498
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of subculture times in the early, middle, and late passages by measuring the time under subculture until it was judged that the supernumerary tooth-derived pulp stem cells (sDPSCS) were no longer proliferating. Three supernumerary teeth from two healthy six-years old boys were extracted and stem cells were obtained from the pulp tissue. This was called SNT1 (supernumerary tooth 1), SNT2, and the supernumerary tooth from another child was named SNT3. SNT1 and 2 were subcultured at the same time and SNT3 was subcultured a little faster. The mean time of complete subculture was $3.6{\pm}1.1$ days. Total passages were cultured up to $23.3{\pm}0.6$ and took 83 days. These were divided into three groups based on the passage. The increase rate of time taken in subculture between group I and group II was 11.9%, but the rate between group II and group III was 28.6%, which was 2.4 times increased. The time taken between passages during long-term subculture up to 22 passages shows a regressive pattern y = 0.1169x + 2.25 and y = 0.1169x + 2.0. In conclusion, the passage time of SPSCs increased in late passages, and it shows a similar pattern.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2009

Recently, the consumption of mistletoe[Viscum album var. coloratum(Kom.) Ohwi] is increasing because of its good medical effectiveness with the increased concern on the natural medicines and foods. The result obtained from the investigation on the stem tissues of the mistletoe and the oriental chestnut oak, a host plant species, are as follows. Haustorium from the seeds of the mistletoe after their sticking to the branches of the host plant penetrates into the bark where it forms the endophyte system through the active cell division. The endophyte grown in the cambium of the host plant makes the stems and leaves as the outer tissues in a certain time. Even through lignification of the host wood in the branches the oriental chestnut oak was not progressive, its tylosis coas developed partially assembly due to the formation of the endophyte. The stems of the mistletoe consisted of vascular tracheid, selereid, and ray and axial parenchyma, classified as a hardwood without vessels. The vascular tracheids seemed to take a role instead of the vessels in the mistletoe plant from the result that the pits of the vessels in the host branches are linked to the vessel-form tracheid in the mistletoe stems. The constituent ratio of the sclereid cells in the mistletoe stems increased with aging. Furthermore their ratio of the parenchyma cells was higher, which contained the more cell content, compared with the cells of the general woody plant species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 2013

Herein we analyzed the nuclear DNA content and the histological characteristics of the triploid of the 'Hyunsasi' (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa $F_1$) which were developed for biomass production and molecular breeding research. The flow cytometric analysis showed that the nuclear DNA content of the 3 triploids were 1.6 times greater than those of the diploid. In terms of histological characteristics, the cross-section area of the stem of 'Line-18' was 1.6 times larger than that of the diploid. The area of pith, and cortex and phloem of the stem of 'Line-18' was also 1.6 and 2.0 times larger than that of the diploid, respectively. Moreover, the length and area of guard cell of 'Line-18' was 1.2 times larger than that of the diploid. These results helps to understand the cytological characteristics of the triploid poplar clones, and further investigations in the growth rate and wood properties of the triploids growing in the field will determine whether the triploid poplars are good candidates for molecular breeding programs and for the improvement of industrial biomass productivity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Anatomical and physical properties of kenaf grown in Chuncheon, Korea were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction method. Bast fiber, phloem ray, cortex parenchyma cell and sieve tube member were observed in phloem, and vessel element, fiber and ray in xylem. Solitary and multiple radial pores in xylem existed. The cell types of ray parenchyma in radial section were procumbent, upright and square cells. The length of bast fiber increased with increasing the growth period. The length of wood fiber was 0.74~0.82 mm, but was not significantly different between the growth period and stem height. Relative crystallinity was 53~74% in phloem and 43~58% in xylem. Cellulose crystallinity width was 2.68~3.24 nm in phloem and 2.46~2.95 nm in xylem. The green moisture content and green density increased but basic density decreased with increasing the stem height.