• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2002

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1999

Recently, entomopathogenic nematodes have received a considerable attention as biologicalcontrol agents. For in vitro cultivation, storage and transportation of nematodes, oxygen supply isextremely impotant due to its limited solubility and mass transfer problem. The oxygen uptake rates(OURs) of four different Steinernema species were measured in a 5L bioreactor at varying temperatures.The OURs of the Steinernema spp. were below 0.5 x mmolO'||'&'||' . min in the range of 13-17$^{\circ}$C. TheOURs (mmo102/L - min) of S. glaseri Dongrae and S. carpocapsae Pocheon strains were 0.4 x lo-', 0.75x lo-\ulcorner at 21$^{\circ}$C, 1.5 x lo-\ulcorner, 3.2 x 10-2 at 25"C, and 2.8 x lo-', 5.8 x lo-\ulcorner at 29"C, respectively. However,the OURs were not significantly altered by the agitation speed of 50-150 rpm. The specific oxygenuptake rates (qol) of S. glaseri NC, S. glaseri Dongrae, S. glaseri Mungyeong and S. carpocapsaePocheon strains were 0.3 x 0.5 x 0.3 x and 0.2 x mmolO~/cell min at 25"C,respectively. As the nematode size and temperature were increased, the qo, was also increased.the qo, was also increased.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

The 21 strains of Korean entomopathogenic nematodes, {Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hamyang strain(HbH), Heterorhabditis sp. 202, 205, 217, Heterorhabdiris sp. KCTC 0991BP strain, Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon(ScP), S. longicaudum Gonaju, S. longicaudum Nonsan, Steinernema sp. 7,24, 52, 55, 60, 64, 206, 207, 209, 210, 219, and 227 strain} were evaluated for the control of a turfgrass insect pest, Exomala orientalis. Heterorhabditis spp. showed higher pathogenicity than Steinernema spp. against 3rd instar larvae of E. orientalis with $55\%$ mortality by Heterorhabditis sp. 202 strain and $50\%$ by HbH and Heterorhabditis sp.205 strain at the rate of 200 infective juveniles per larva 14 days later after treatment. The number of infective juveniles of Korean entomopathogenic nematodes in 3rd instar larvae of E. orientalis was higher in Heterorhabditis spp. than in Steinernema spp.. In general, numbers of produced infective juveniles of three species were much higher, i.e., Heterorhabditis sp.202 strain produced 273,064 infective juveniles, S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain 273,043, and Heterorhabditis sp. 217 strain 248,887, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2006

Five strains of Korean entomopathogenic nematodes(EPN), steinernematids and heterorhabditids(Steinernama carpocapsae GSN1, Steinernema sp. GSNUS-10, Steinernama sp. GSNUS-14, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hamyang, Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH-1) were evaluated and tried in petri dish, pot, and vegetable greenhouses for environmentally friendly control of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. $LC_{50}$ values of five EPN strains against beet armyworm was different depending on nematode strain and beet armyworm instar. $LC_{50}$ value of Steinernema carpocapse GSN1(GSN1) was 3.8-5.1 infective juveniles(Ijs) in 2nd to 4th instars of beet armyworm. Pathogenicity of five EPN strains against beet armyworm different in nematode strain, concentration, application times, and vegetable species in pot and greenhouse. Steinernema spp. was more effective than Heterorhabditis spp. against beet armyworm. Two or three times of applications of EPN were found to be effective regardless of nematode strain and concentration in pot and greenhouse. ENP showed different reactions on vegetable species. Efficacy of EPN was higher on Chinese cabbage than that on cabbage and kale. GSN1 was one of the most effective nematodes and 100,000 infective juveniles per $m^2$(720,000 Ijs/$7.2m^2=1{\times}10^9$Ijs/ha) resulted in higher mortality in greenhouse.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1998

A simple method for the in vivo production of third-stage infective juveniles(IJs) of Steinernema glaseri was developed. Using Galleria mellonella larvae, only IJs can be rapidly generated inadequate quantities for field application. The nematode inoculation concentration and incubation temperature were critically important. The most effective temperature for infectivity of Steinernema glaseri IJs to Galleria mellonella larvae was 33$^\circ C$. However, the total number of menatodes harvested at 25$^\circ C$ about 66,000 IJs per larva was significantly greater than those at other temperatures. The optimal inoculation number of nematodes was 60 to 80 nematodes per host larva. The higher nematode inoculation concentration of 100 IJs per larva caused a rapid decrease in the total number of IJs harvested. As the inoculation medium pH increased, the number of IJs harvested increased and reached about 110,000 IJs per larva at pH 9.0. The pathogenicity of IJs decreased y increasing the salt concentration in the medium.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 2000

Peach fruit month, smaller tea tortrix, and Melotontha incana are major pests of apple and apple trees throughout the country. In this work, we examined efficacies of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema glaseri against these apple pests. Steinernema carpocapsae showed 100% mortality after 24hr against peach fruit moth when it was applied on the larva with the concentration of 80 nematodes per larva, but Steinernema glaseri caused 83.3$\pm$5.8% mortality after 24hr at the concentration of 50 nematodes per larva. In the case of smaller tea tortrix, S. carpocapsae and S. glaseri caused 100%, 43.3$\pm$5.8% at the concentration of 50 nematodes per larva after 48 hr, respectively. However, 5~6 instar of Melotontha incana was not killed by treatments with S. carpocapsae and S.glaseri up to concentration of 200~800 nematodes per larva. The motility of nematodes in a soil increased as both inoculation concentration of nematode per larva and temperature increased. The mortality of G. mellonella by S. carpocapsae was 100% up to 10cm in depth and 56.7$\pm$5.8% at 10~15cm in depth when the temperature was $25^{\circ}C$ and 50 nematodes per larva were used.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.914-917
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• 2001

The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophillus are major pests of aquatic rice plant throughout the country. In field, we examined efficacy of Steinernema carpocapsae and Xenorhabdus nematophilus against rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. Steinernema carpocapsae showed 71-74.2% mortality after 15days in the field. Also symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophilus isolated from Steinernema carpocapsae showed 33.3-58.3% mortality after 15days at vat against rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.2 s.143
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• pp.201-209
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• 2006

Five strains of Korean entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), steinernematids and heterorhabditids were evaluated and tried in laboratory, pot, and vegetable greenhouses for environmentally friendly control of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xyiostella, from 2002 to 2005. LC$_{50}$ values of five EPN strains against DBM were different depending on nematode strain and DBM instar. LC$_{50}$ value of Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 (GSN1) was the lowest representing 2.6$\sim$3.9 infective juveniles (Ijs, 3rd stage) to 2nd to 4th instars of DBM. Pathogenicity of five effective strains against DBM was different depending on nematode strain, concentration, application times, and vegetable in pot. The most effective nematode was GSN1. Steinernema spp. was more effective than Heterorhabditis spp. against DBM. Two or three times of applications of EPN were effective regardless of nematode strain and concentration in pot. Efficacy of EPN was different depending on vegetable species. Efficacy was higher on Chinese cabbage, red mustard, and Ssamchoo than that on cabbage, kale, and leaf broccoli. Efficacy of GSN1, Steinernema GSNUS-10, Steinernema CSNUS-14, and Heterorhabditis GSNUH-1 was variable depending on nematode strain, concentration, application times, and vegetable in greenhouse experiments. GSN1 was the most effective and 100,000 infective juveniles per m$^2$(=$1\times10^9$ Ijs/ha) resulted in higher efficacy. Three times of application of nematodes led to higher control efficacy than one or two applications. Efficacy of nematodes was higher on Chinese cabbage than cabbage or kale in greenhouse.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2003