• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.107-156
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• 2018

This article examines the history of the in - house subcontracting and the stabilization of labor - management relations in the steel industry in Japan. The ratio of in-house subcontract workers among steel workers has increased steadily until the mid-2000s, and about 70% in case of the largest company. In-house subcontracting was used as a strategy of the company to increase the quantity flexibility of employment and to save labor costs. The in-house subcontracting company needed company-specialized skills, and the internal labor market was formed because the rate of full-time workers was high and the turnover rate was low. The in-house subcontractor introduced long-term business relationship with the steel factory by introducing the equipment and materials necessary for the performance of the work, and the factory implemented the productivity improvement policy of the in-house subcontractor, and the win-win relationship between the factory and in-house subcontractor was developed. The trade union did not oppose the idea that the expansion of in-house subcontracting contributed to corporate profits, the stability of employment of the members and maintenance of their working conditions. Since 2000, the steel factory has pursued the transformation of in - house subcontractors into subsidiaries, which has been supported by capital relations. By the way, since the mid-2000s, there has been an increase in the number of regular workers' employment. The major factors are as follows: more strengthened compliance with laws and regulations, the higher quality request of customers, stricter keeping of deadlines, and problem in recruiting of workers at in-house subcontract companies. The wage gap between the factory and in - house subcontracting was less at company B than at company S, and the wage level of in - house subcontracting was about 90% of the factory at company B. The relatively small gap at company B seems to be due to the union's movement of narrowing the gap, low market dominance and unfavorable labor market. The internal labor market has been formed in the in-house subcontracting, and the wage gap is not large, and the possibility of labor disputes is low. Industrial relations are stable in the in-house subcontract company as well as the factory. The stabilization of labor-management relations in the steel industry in Korea is required to reduce the wage gap between the factory and in-house subcontract enterprises by raising productivity and expanding the internal labor market at in-house subcontract enterprises.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.93-109
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• 2010

Over the last decade, some Korean enterprises have emerged to become global players in their specialized products. How have they achieved such tremendous technological progress in a short period of time? This paper explores that question by examining the characteristics of technological innovation activities at major Korean enterprises. The paper begins with a brief review of the stages of economic growth and science and technology development in Korea. Then, the existing literature, explaining the Korean innovation model, is analyzed in order to establish a new framework for the Korean innovation model. Specifically, Korean firms have experienced three sequential phases, and thus, the Korean model, at the firm level, can be coined as "path-following," "path-revealing," and "path-creating." Then, the stylized facts in the first phase (path-following) and the second phase (path-revealing) are discussed, in the context of empirical evidence from the areas of memory chips, automobiles, shipbuilding, and steel. In terms of technology development, the Korean model has evolved as "collective learning" in the first phase, "collective recombination" of existing knowledge and technology in the second phase, and is assumed as "collective creativity" in the third phase. Ultimately, all three can be classified as "collective creation". Korean firms now face a transition in the modes of technological innovation in order to efficiently implement the third phase. To achieve remarkable progress again, as they did in the past, and to sustain the growth momentum, Korean firms should challenge new dimensions such as creative technological ideas, distinctive technological capabilities, and unique innovation systems -- all of which connote 'uniqueness'. Finally, some lessons from the Korean technological innovation experience are addressed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2018

In this paper, we analyze accident factors that occur in the unloading of steel cargoes and try to derive priority of importance among factors. The Fuzzy-AHP, which enables hierarchical analysis through pairwise comparison of factors, is used to derive priorities of safety factors to consider when unloading steel cargo. In the top factor analysis results, weights were ranked in order of human factors, safety education, equipment and facilities, and business environment. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the improvement of the safety consciousness of the field workers and enterprises and to reduce the incidence of accidents in the unloading and unloading operations by deriving the relative importance between the factors. In the future, it is necessary to study the cargoes of other disasters such as container cargo as well as steel cargo.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2020

In this paper, the author's team has carried out a comparative experimental study on the corrosion characteristics of Q235 steel commonly used in large-scale storage tanks under the specific bottom water environment found with Russian and Daqing crude oil. It was found that there is a certain degree of uniform or local corrosion on the tank floor depending on the kind of bottom water. The bottom water corrosion of Daqing crude oil is a uniform corrosion caused by carbon dioxide. While the Russian crude oil bottom water corrosion is clearly local corrosion caused by co-corrosion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, here the corrosion rate is obviously higher than that caused by Daqing crude oil. There are two modes of storage tank inspection and maintenance that have been currently adopted by Chinese refining and chemical enterprises: a regular inspection mode and a API581-2016 risk-based detection mode. These modes have been effectively combined to form an intelligent tank inspection and maintenance mode, software tools to support this intelligent inspection and maintenance management have been developed.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.19-36
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• 1996

This study is to examine the remained basis and the locational characteristics of manufacturing in Chonnam region. First, the locational characteristics of manufacturing in the peripheral region examined through theoretical discussions about manufacturing location. And the locational characteristics of the small and medium firms and large firms be studied as to understand the precedent characteristics of Chonnam region. Chonnam region have the precedent characteristics that the regional capital is not accumulated as Japen exploit agricultural products at a colonial period. And SOC, industry and technology are not developed as geographically Chonnam lesion turn aside the economics axis of Korea-Japen-America within a period of industrialization. Manufacturing firms have beer make up the traditional indigenous firms which base on local market, agriculture and marine products in Chonnam lesion. The characteristics of these firms mainly are food & drink, nonmetal industry that is composed of the small and medium sized firms. The industrial structure is changing to machinery, chemistry, electronics industry from food & drink, nonmetal industry. But these industry is making the simple products. In Chonnam region, these change of industrial structure was expanding to the inland or coast region from the neighhoring region of Kwangju metropolitan. The blanch factories of large enterprises that located in Chonnam region are not connected with small and medium sized firms. The small and medium sized firms are not developed. Because these large enterprises are the iron and steel industry or chemistry industry. So the large-manufacturing firms have characteristics of the capital intensive industry, and make up the monopolistic industrial space of fordist blanch factories.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.199-228
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• 2009

National security of post cold-war since 1990's shift that conception of the national security transfer traditional military strength to economic strength. Accordingly, the national interest about how to protect the of the high-technology industry enterprises has become contentious social issue. The U.S. and advanced countries promote the policy to protect The United State's Economic Espionage Act(EEA). The Korea reaching to high level a field at IT, Shipbuilding, Steel, Automobile Industry and huge capital investment to high-technology & development. But, systematic industry security activity not an unfold. So private investigator collect the evidence and information of business case for prevent danger is efficient. The private investigator system, deal with the matter efficiently, will good system to prevent economic loss of business, state and nation through make a good use in business crime that machinery of law difficult to intervene. This article countermeasure about industry spy through make a good use of private investigator.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.499-520
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• 2020

Input ratio of electricity to other production inputs in the Korean manufacturing sector has been higher than for the other OECD countries. In addition, electricity prices in Korea has been relatively lower than the average of OECD countries. Moreover, electricity sector is responsible for most CO2 emissions in Korea as coal and natural gas account 41.9% and 26.8% of electricity production as of 2018. Therefore, it looks inevitable to raise the electricity tariff for the manufacturing sector in Korea, but there is a concern that increase in the electricity tariff might affect small and medium enterprises (SMEs) more than large firms. This study estimates electricity demand's price and output elasticities for large firms and SMEs in steel industry by employing a time varying parameter model (Kalman filter). The analysis shows that changes in output levels regardless of firms' size affect electricity demands more significantly than do changes in electricity prices. Second, large firms have higher variances for both price and output elasticities of electricity demand. Third, large firms have higher price elasticity but lower output elasticity of electricity demand relative to SMEs. Policy implications are suggested in association with how to reduce electricity demands in the energy-intensive industry.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.313-332
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• 2013

Large tundra of the Russian Empire, has rich resources and science and technology, and a huge domestic market potential is rapidly changing. Based on the abundant energy resources such as oil, gas, and minerals, as foreign trade is active, the huge capital is moving. And commitment the active SOC by improving laws and regulations and changes in the structure of the Russian economy. One of them pushed the WTO since 1993, 19 years to see fruition join the WTO (World Trade Organization). As the official entry into force August 22, Russia, July 10, 2012, Congress passed the treaty after joining the WTO and of the 156th WTO member countries, was officially join. As the WTO, Russia has the world's 11th-largest economy in the steel tariffs from 30% to 15% are exported to Russia, South Korea Car TV parts from 10% to 0%, reduced from 20% to 5% Korean export companies to export to Russia, etc., is expected to become the new land of opportunity. Russia hopes the changes improve the investment environment, the service industry, manufacturing revitalization the macroeconomic sectors of the economy through the WTO, and forecast, but the consumption increased revenue due to tariff cuts, falling import prices and the real economy, and weak manufacturing base. On the one hand, the perspective of concern. In conclusion, Russia joining the WTO, and the feed to improve the fairness and transparency of the market opening, the Russian advance in Korean companies be facilitated and strong complementary cooperation, especially in manufacturing is expected. In this paper, after Russia joining the WTO, trade liberalization, and ready for a new era of economic cooperation between Korea and Russia, at the point of expanding openness to propose strategies to analyze the problems of Korean companies during the Russian advance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.39-54
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• 2009

As of July, 2009, Chungnam Province get DI (Direct Investment) of 2,502 corporations as the amount of 31 billion US dollars only for 3 years. Especially, Chungnam provincial governor make a excessive performance of 2.5 times comparing to the target number, 1,000 of inviting capital, that is public promise in the election. Now, the amount of inviting foreign capital is 1.2 billion dollars, at the end of this year it might be 1.4 billion dollars just in case of making a success on going negotiations. This outstanding performance comes from governor's leadership and aggressive strategies of well-trained subordinates. Chungnam Province has nation-wide multiple targets focused on interdisciplinary industries including strategic industries of display, auto-parts, steel, and oil-chemistry. Also, it has organic network system based on the very descriptive and accurate informations managing the task force team consisted of 35 competent members. In conclusion, the core competence of inviting foreign capital in a regional government is governor's strong leadership, activated organization consisted of specially well trained subordinates, and predominant differentiated strategies in details.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.837-851
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• 2016

The growth and development of Gwangyang city was a result of the POSCO Gwangyang Works, and Gwangyang city is one of typical firm citys in Korea. The objective of this study is to identify and examine the change of migration and population structure in Gwangyang city from 2001 to 2010. Since 1981, total number of population of Gwangyang city increased from 78,478 in 1981 to 145,512 in 2010. The population structure by age was changed with population increase since 2001, and 30-40 aging group was 35% of total in 2010. During 2001-2010, the netmigraion showed -2,925 people, however, the number of inmigrants were overtaking the number of out-migrants since 2008. The most common reason of in-migrants was occupation(49.5%). Factors influencing Gwangyang City's population growth and oversupply are the location of POSCO Gwangyang Works and steel-related enterprises, opening and construction of Gwangyang container berth, the related development projects and establishment of Gwangyang Bay Area Free Economic Zone, and the local policies of Gwangyang City connected with these large-scale national projects. As a result, the number of manufacturing-related businesses increased due to various regional development projects conducted in Gwangyang City, and the growth of the business continued to increase due to the increase of younger people and births.