• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.230.2-230.2
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• 2010

천연가스 수증기 개질 반응에 사용되는 펠릿 촉매의 단점인 열 및 물질 전달 제한, 낮은 effectiveness factor, 압력강화와 channeling 등의 문제점을 해결 하고자 모노리스 형태의 금속 구조체 촉매를 본 연구에 적용 하였다. Fecralloy 재질의 금속 구조체에 Ni 촉매를 워시코팅 (wash coating) 하여 제조 하였으며, 이를 천연가스 수증기 개질 반응에 적용하여 수소를 생산하였다. 실험 조건으로는 S/C ratio를 3으로 고정하여 온도를 $600^{\circ}C{\sim}800^{\circ}C$로 변화 시켰으며, GHSV $3000{\sim}30000h^{-1}$에서 진행 되었다. 구조체 촉매 코팅에 사용된 Ni 촉매의 BET, TPR, H2-chemisorption, SEM, EDS의 특성분석을 수행 하였다. 온도별 테스트에서 모노리스 형태의 금속 구조체 촉매가 펠릿 형태의 촉매에 비해 우수한 열전달 효과로 인해 낮은 퍼니스 온도와 높은 반응 활성을 나타내었으며, GHSV 변화에 따른 성능평가 결과도 15wt% $Ni/MgAl_2O_4$펠릿 촉매와 비교하여 금속 구조체 촉매가 높은 활성을 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.281-293
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• 2018

As the public interest in environmental issues increased, the "Act On The Integrated Control Of Pollutant-Discharging Facility" was enacted. Through the integrated environmental pollution prevention act in which 19 industries with large environmental impacts are sequentially applied, pollutants can be managed in a medium-integrated manner and integrated permission of the business unit is possible and BAT can be applied to enable a scientific and proactive environmental management system. This study analyzed the overview of BAT reference documents(BREF), BAT setting procedure and method, and then suggested the development direction BAT and BAT-AEL monitoring method of a Electricity and Steam production facility.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.869-875
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal condition of the syngas production by reforming of propane using Gliding arc plasma reformer. The gliding arc plasma reformer in 3 phases has been newly designed and developed with a quick starting and fast response time. It can be applicable to the various types of fuels (Hydrocarbons $C_xH_y$), and it has a high conversion rate of fuels and high production of hydrogen. The parametric screening studies were carried out according to the changes of a steam feed amount i.e., steam/carbon ratio, total gas flow rate and input electric power. The optimum operating conditions were S/C ratio 2.8, total gas flow rate of 14 L/min and input electric power of 2.4 kW. The result of optimum operating conditions showed the 55 % $H_2$, 14 % CO, 15 % $CO_2$, 10 % $C_3H_8$ and 4 % $CH_4$. Also, $C_3H_8$ conversion, $H_2$ yield and $H_2$ selectivity were 90 %, 42 %, 15 %, respectively. The energy efficiency and specific energy requirements were 37 % and 334 kJ/mol respectively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-93
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• 2001

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic forming is covered such as \circled1 development of organic farming, \circled2organic farming organizations, \circled3standards and certification, \circled4implementation of EU council regulation, \circled5state support, \circled6implementation of Agenda 2000, \circled7training and education, \circled8advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by \circled1cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, \circled2incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure ; \circled1choice of appropriate species and varieties, \circled2appropriate rotation programs, \circled3mechanical cultivation, \circled4protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, \circled5diversified ecosystems, \circled6flame weeding, \circled7natural enemies, \circled8bio-dynamic preparations, \circled9mulching and mowing, \circled10grazing of animals, ⑪mechanical controls, ⑫steam sterilization.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.358-366
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• 1998

To meet the demand for high quality of foods with the expanded implementation of foodservice into kindergarten, and to make the efficient use of resources, the necessity of introducing central production unit with cook/chill system into kindergarten foodservice is getting increased. The purpose of this study were to develop standardized recipe applicable to cook/chill system for kindergarten foodservice and to evaluate the microbial and sensory quality. For quantitty production of cook/chill system in kindergarten foodservice, Various Bulkogis were selected as menu items. The followings are summary of the results： 1. Standard recipes to produce Various Bulkogis(Broiled Sliced Meat with Sauce) for cook/chill system have been developed. 2. The microbial quality of Various Bulkogis during 10 days chilled storage was very good. And in this experiment, the stability of storage of standard recipes of Various Bulkogis at cook/chill system was proved for 10 days. 3. All of the items of sensory evaluation of Bulkogis has no significance between the first day and the third day of storage, except the color of Pork Bulkogi (P<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2018

This study investigated the long-term durability of catalyst(Pd or Fe)-infiltrated solid oxide cells for $CO_2$/steam co-electrolysis. Fuel-electrode supported solid oxide cells with dimensions of $5{\times}5cm^2$ were fabricated, and palladium or iron was subsequently introduced via wet infiltration (as a form of PdO or FeO solution). The metallic catalysts were employed in the fuel-electrode to promote $CO_2$ reduction via reverse water gas shift reactions. The metal-precursor particles were well-dispersed on the fuel-electrode substrate, which formed a bimetallic alloy with Ni embedded on the substrate during high-temperature reduction processes. These planar cells were tested using a mixture of $H_2O$ and $CO_2$ to measure the electrochemical and gas-production stabilities during 350 h of co-electrolysis operations. The results confirmed that compared to the Fe-infiltrated cell, the Pd-infiltrated cell had higher stabilities for both electrochemical reactions and gas-production given its resistance to carbon deposition.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2019

Greenhouse gas emissions have a profound effect on global warming. Various environmental regulations have been introduced to reduce the emissions. The largest amount of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, is produced in the steel industry. To decrease carbon dioxide emission, hydrogen-based iron oxide reduction, which can replace carbon-based reduction has received a great attention. Iron production generates various by-product gases, such as cokes oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG), and Linz-Donawitz gas (LDG). In particular, COG, due to its high concentrations of hydrogen and methane, can be reformed to become a major source of hydrogen for reducing iron oxide. Nevertheless, continuous COG cannot be supplied under actual operation condition of steel industry. To solve this problem, this study proposed to use two alternative COG-based fuel mixtures; one with natural gas and the other with biogas. Reforming study on two types of mixed gas were carried out to evaluate catalyst performance under a variety of operating conditions. In addition, methane conversion and product composition were investigated both theoretically and experimentally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2011

The characteristics for hydrogen production and the thermochemical properties of high temperature steam electrolysis(HTSE) device have been numerically analyzed in a two-dimension, steady-state with using the COMSOL $Multiphysics^{(R)}$. The main parameters for the calculation are applied voltage, ASR(Area-specific Resistance), temperature and pressure of the inlet gas flow. The results showed that thermal-neutral voltage was 1.2454 V and rather than the cell temperature increases or decreases with increasing applied voltage by thermal-neutral voltage starting this voltage the temperature in high voltage tended to rise and temperature in the low voltage tended to fall. And with, increasing the values of ASR, temperature inside the cell and the hydrogen production rate were decreased.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2001

It was reported that Red ginseng contains specific ginsenoside-Rg$_2$,-Rg$_3$,-Rh$_1$and -Rh$_2$, which show various pharmacological effects. However, production of these specific ginsenosides from Red ginseng is not commercially applicable because of high cost of the raw material, roots. This work was carried out to examine the production of Red ginseng specific ginsenosides from Agrobacterium-transformed hairy roots. Hairy roots were induced from 3 year-old root segment of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) after infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. Among many lines of hairybroots, KGHR-8A was selected. Steam heat treatment of hairy roots was resulted in the changes of ginsenoside composition. Eleven ginsenosides were detected in heat-treated hairy roots but eight in freeze dried hairy roots. In heat treated hairy root, content of ginsenoside-Rb$_1$,Rb$_2$,Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg$_1$were decreased compared to those of freeze dried hairy roots. However, heat treatment strongly enhanced the amount of Red ginseng specific ginsenogides (ginsenoside-Rg$_2$,-Rg$_3$,-Rh$_1$and -Rh$_2$). Amounts of ginsenoside-Rg$_3$,-Rh$_1$and -Rh$_2$ in heat-treated hairy roots were 2.58, 3.62 and 1.08 mg/g dry wt, respectively, but these were detected as trace amount in hairy roots without heat treatment. Optimum condition of heat treatment for the production of Red ginseng specific ginsenoside was 2 h at 105$^{\circ}C$. This result represents that Red ginseng specific ginsenoside can be producted from hairy roots by steam heat treatment.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2004

The activated carbon was produced from Sancheong bamboo by steam and carbon dioxide gas activation methods. The carbonization of raw material was conducted at 90$0^{\circ}C$ and gas activation reactions were conducted with respect to various conditions. -activation temperature 750-90$0^{\circ}C$, the flow rate of steam 0.5-2g-$H_2O$/g-char$.$hr, the flow rate of carbon dioxide 5-30$m\ell$-$CO_2$/g-char-min and activation time 1-5 hr. The prepared activated carbons were measured yield, the adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue, BET specific surface area and pore size distribution. The adsorption capacity of iodine (680.5-1526.1 mg/g) and methylene blue (18.3-221.5 mg/g) increased with creasing activation temperature and activation time. The adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue increased with the activation gas quantity in the range of 0.5-1.5g-$H_2O$/g-charㆍhr, 5-18.9$m\ell$-Co$_2$/g-charㆍmin. But those decreased over those range due to the pore shrinkage. The steam activation method was superior in efficiency to carbon dioxide activation method.