• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 2014

The medical bureaucrats was awarded by Wonjong (原從) meritorious retainer were 376 peoples in the Joseon Dynasty. It was not done research on this is accurate so far. Why did they get Wonjong (原從) meritorious retainer? I have found a general rule of the investiture through review of the nokhundogamuigwe (錄勳都監儀軌). The Sillok(實錄) and other materials were used as an adjunct in the investigation. Through the analysis of this medical bureaucrats, This study aims to investigate the change in the social status of the Joseon Dynasty's medical officials. The conclusion of this paper is as follows. First, the social status of medical bureaucrat was similar to that of yangban (兩班) in early days of Joseon Dynasty compared with mid or late days of Joseon Dynasty. Second, bastard households are concentrated in the second half of the 16th century to the early 17th century to advance to the medical officials. Third, acupuncture doctors increased social status by the mid-Joseon Dynasty. Fourth, statutes about Wonjong (原從) meritorious retainer was raising the social status of medical bureaucrat compared to other technical officials.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.23-56
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• 1994

Recent criticisms of the conduct and use of risk assessment by regulatory agencies have led to a wide range of proposed remedies, including changes in regulatory statutes and the development of new methods for assessing risk. The mandate to this Committee was more limited. Our objective was to examine whether alterations in institutional arrangements or procedures, particularly the organizational separation of risk assessment from regulatory decision-making and the use of uniform guidelines for inferring risk from available scientific information, can improve federal risk assessment activities. Before undertaking to determine whether organizational and procedural reforms could improve the performance and use of risk assessment in the federal government, the Committee examined the state of risk assessment and the regulatory environment in which it is performed. In this chapter, we define risk assessment and differentiate it from other elements in the regulatory process, analyze the types of judgments made in risk assessment, and examine its current government context. Because one chronic health hazard, cancer, was highlighted in the Committee's congressional mandate and has dominated public concern about public health risks in recent years, most of our report focuses on it. Furthermore, because activities in four agencies--the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)--have given rise to many of the proposals for changes in risk assessment practices, our review focuses on these four agencies. The conclusions of this report, although directed primarily at risk assessment of potential carcinogens as performed by these four agencies, may be applicable to other federal programs to reduce health risks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.408-415
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to discuss some of the prominent ideas which use drone for police works. Focusing on the extent of the utility and practicability of using drone in policing, this paper attempts to address both positive and negative aspects in conjunction with related statutes and regulations. This study uses a qualitative case study approach and offers three practical implications including: (1) enacting a law that covers using drones in policing, (2) hiring technical professionals or training police officers to prevent illegal drones and to implement a variety of policing strategies, and (3) collecting data and information on crime and criminals and then developing the best way to respond to these problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2017

An undeniable reason for elevator accidents is relevant to diverse defects of elevator itself including a fatal flaw in its managing system. In order to prevent and control disastrous accidents, Korean government established brand new department, Ministry of Public Safety and Security(MPSS) in 2014. For the field of elevator accidents, MPSS, hoping to take the lead, tries to reform related law and statutes. At this time, it is worthwhile to review foreign country's precedent to find out its applicable lesson. This study specially focuses on introducing U.S. legal system dealing with elevator safety area from the viewpoint of stressing the identity of local governments such as state, county, city etc. This article mainly reviews these four points: i) a current state of safety code, guide, standard for elevator in U.S.A. ii) an elevator parts certification system under ASME A.17.1, iii) an elevator inspection system in New York City, iv) an implication of an elevator certification and inspection system in U.S.A. to us.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.342-352
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• 2016

This study examined the fashion culture of 20-30s working women through clothing norm relationships in the workplace. A literature research was conducted along with qualitative research, in-depth interviews in order to understand the domestic working environment and fashion culture such as lifestyle and consumer culture characteristics of 20-30s working women. The results were: First, it showed that the increased number of members having various inclinations caused subcultures through an increase of women's economic activities and transition to a knowledge-information society in domestic work places that changed into a business casual that recognized employees' autonomy and diversity. Second, in the working place, clothing norms coexist as stipulated by statutes, company rules, and official documents as well as others implied by experiences of sanction against members. Workplace closing norms are classified into norms of exposure that draw attention to clothes and casual clothes. Third, it showed that factors pressuring clothing norms are classified as external pressures and by spontaneous self-censorship that cause conflict and confusion with working women's fashion according to the degree of pressure. Two kinds of pressure by others (or types of departments and members) were observed.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.179-195
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• 2009

필리핀의 중재제도를 규정하고 있는 법령은 다음과 같다. 즉 필리핀 민법(법률 제386호), 중재법(법률 제876호), 대체분쟁해결법(법률 제9285호), 국제상거래중재에 관한 국제 연합 국제상거래법위원회(UNCITRAL) 표준법 및 건설산업중재에 관한 대통령령(제1008호)이다. 2004년의 대체적 분쟁해결 제도(ADR) 에 관련된 필리핀 의회의 입법은 필리핀의 중재 실무와 절차에 광범위한 변화를 가져 왔다. 또한 국제중재실무에서 필리핀에 많은 도움을 주었다. 다른 한편으로는 상당한 변화를 가진 UNCITRAL 표준법의 채택과 국내 중재를 관장하는 법률속에 표준법 조항을 편입함으로써 필리핀은 분쟁해결의 대체안으로써 정책 결정의 실행에 대한 중재법의 인식과 ADR법에 있어서의 정책조문의 검토로 보다 실질적인 중재제도가 정착되는 기반을 조성하게 되었다. 국내에서 수행하고 있는 국제적인 중재는 아직까지는 비교적 적다고 생각된다. 그러나 ADR법 내에 규정된 강력한 ADR찬성정책과 ADR에 관대하고 특히 중재에 호의적인 대법원의 친중재적 판결로 인해 향후 수년내에 필리핀과 주변국과의 무역이 크게 증대될 것으로 전망된다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.345-358
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol that would help prevent accidents, apply physical restraints properly, and reduce the use of physical restraints in nursing homes. Method: A review of the literature and analysis of existing statutes and regulations were used to develop the preliminary protocol. To test the validity of this preliminary protocol, ten experts were selected from academia and clinical practice to review the protocol. The initial protocol was finalized after it had been reviewed by experts and tested for clinical validity in five different nursing homes. Result: The protocol consists of objectives, definitions and accident probability assessment, principle of using physical restraints, monitoring and documentation of physical restraints. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used as guidelines to focus on preventing accidents arising out of use of physical restraints, assessing the probability of accidents, and reducing the use of physical restraints through preventive interventions. This will be helpful to prevent ethical, physical, or psychological problems arising from use of physical restraints and to protect the rights of elderly people in nursing homes.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.44-56
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• 2006

The reform necessity of medicolegal death investigation system is continuously issued. The problems from the current death investigation system are discussed, specially on the professionalism of the involved personnel such as policemen, doctors, prosecutors. Death investigation exists not only to prosecute the criminals but also primarily to protect the general public's health, safety, and welfare. The reform proposals of death investigation system are followed as below. Statutes require that the prosecutor be notified of certain deaths. All deaths that may reasonably result from anything other than natural disease should be investigated. A death certificate is a legal document which authenticate a death, therefore it is issued by the doctor. The postmortem examination must be rearranged on the university base and performed by the qualified doctors who are trained at least in pathology. The police officer specified in death investigation and forensic identification should be encouraged to keep doing their special work in many ways.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

Community building has been carried out from around the year 2000 by various statutes and government policies in Korea. This study suggested direction of the future for rural community building as surveyed cases of completed four villages in Gurye-county. In order to achieve this study's objectives, investigated previous studies and interviewed 75 person's residents in cases villagers. The target villages are Sangsa, Omi, Chamsaimigol and Artists village. As survey results, four villages utilized local resources, most of villages were focused perform hardware. On the other hand, Chamsaimigol was parallel software. In addition, communities didn't form and not agree with concept of community building as culture, education, welfare, etc., also didn't creation the case of village income. but active village as base development. Therefor, proposed the point to education, culture and welfare, base development and generating of income as directions for future rural community building. These directions are consistent with the concept of community building and the goal that improve the quality of life of residents ultimately through community building.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.93-114
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• 2003

The Federal Arbitration Act and the States Arbitration acts of the United States approve that the an arbitration clause should be construed broadly and the Courts interpreted it broadly without being curbed by the written meaning of clause itself. The Courts also divided the interpretation of arbitration clause from the interpretation of other clauses of contract to approve the validity of arbitration clause and further expanded the scope of arbitration. However, the Arbitration Act of Korea does not specify a general principle about how an arbitration clause should be interpreted. The Supreme Court did not have a case yet but the lower courts kept their posture that an arbitration clause should be clear by resulting narrow interpretation and should be written to the extent that it excludes the power of courts from jurisdiction. As a result, there would be cases that arbitration is not permitted although an arbitration clause exists. The parties intending arbitration are frustrated about how to draft an arbitration clause into their agreement. There were the cases that the parties which took the prevailing position attempted to delay dispute resolutions by dragging disputes into litigation even if they agreed to resolve through arbitration, on the basis that an arbitration clause was incomplete. Although the arbitration statutes of the United States cannot apply in Korea, the way of their approaches to the interpretation of arbitration clause can be taken into consideration in view of the globalization of arbitration.