• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 1988

Riboflavin, Ascorbin Acid & Vitamin D status of 74 elderly Korean (35 men and 39 women)from urban households in Incheon were evaluated by blood analysis. Mean EGR-AC value of men was 1.05 while that of women was 1.03. Marginal deficiency of riboflavin(EGR-AC 1.15-1.35) was shown in 33.3% of men and 20% of women. Average plasma ascorbic acid contents of subjects were very low and men had significantly lower amount than women(0.23mg/㎗ vs 0.44mg/㎗). The percentages of subjects who had plasma ascorbic acid less than 0.4mg/㎗ were 88.9% of men and 45% of women. Mena serum Calcium, Inorganic phosphate contents and mean serum ALP activity of men were 9.97mg/㎗, 3.28mg/㎗ and 61.85 Unit/L respectively and those of women were 9.78mg/㎗, 3.49mg/㎗ and 67.80Unit/L respectively. From these results, Vitamin D status of subjects was considered to be normal.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2001

Purpose: This study were carried out to investigate the difference employment characteristics and job satisfactions by gender and to explore the influences of demographic status and employment characteristics on job satisfaction. Method: Social statistics survey data collected by Ministry of Statistics in 1998 were used for the secondary analysis in the study. Job satisfaction was measured by questionnaire which were consisted in 12 items such as task, promotion, placement, wage, benefits, future in the work, working environment, human relationship, working hours. Result: The results show that more than 50% of women were working as a part-time employees. Their education level were lower than men. Women workers were unmarried at higher percents than men. Men were showed more satisfaction significantly in their job than women. Men also had higher job satisfaction with work task, promotion, placement, and human relation. Women had shown higher job satisfaction with wage, working environment, and employer-employee relationship. Employment status had the most important factor on the job satisfaction. And, living status satisfaction, education, age, occupation, marital status, employment status and sex were significant for the job satisfaction. 33.34% of the variance in the job satisfaction were accounted for by these variables. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there were difference of job satisfaction between gender and employment status was the most predictive factors on the job satisfaction. Women had more unstable employment status such as part-time, employment on probation, or family employer without wage than men. Stability of employment could be considered as a strategy for enhancing job satisfaction for women.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 2018

This study analyzes the impacts of household work participation and shared activities between couples on marital relationship and depression among retired men and women with retired husbands. To investigate this, a survey of 367 married people is conducted on retired men and women with retired husbands. The influencing factors on the marital relationship of retired men are found to be couples' shared activities, gender role attitudes, and subjective health status. The marital relationship of women with retired husbands is influenced by shared activities by couples, the division of domestic labor, and gender role attitudes. The factors affecting retired men's depression are shared activities by couples, perceived health status, type of jobs before retirement, and age. Women's depression is related to household income, shared activities by couples, husbands' jobs before retirement, subjective health status, and division of household labor.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1119-1128
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• 2001

This study was designed to identify degrees of self-esteem, health status, and life satisfaction in elderly women and investigate the relationship between these factors. The results will contribute to effective nursing intervention for promoting the quality of life for elderly women. Method: The subjects of this study included 129 elderly women. The data was collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from Nov. to Dec. of 2000. The measurement tools were the self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg and translated by Byong-Je Jong (1974), the health status scale developed by Young Ja Lee(1989), and the life satisfaction scale developed by Jin Youn(1982). The data was analyzed by the SPSS computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, x2-test, t-test and the pearson correlation coefficient. Result: The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in age (x2=12.952, p=.000), religion (x2=6.140, p=.000), spending money (x2=.7.511, p= .000), living expenses load (x2=16.189, p= .000), and the major support provider (x2=6.539, p=.000), according to general characteristics in the existence elderly women. 2. There was a significant difference in self-esteem (t=7.05, P=.000), Health status (t=-10.09, P=.000), and life satisfaction (t=6.62, P=.000) between the two groups. 3. There was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and health status (r=.406, P=.000), self-esteem and life satisfaction (r=.524, P=.000), and health status and life satisfaction (r=.504, P= .0000) in elderly women.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 1994

This study was intended to investigate the effects of nutritional, physical and environmental conditions on the bone status of 102 pre and post menopausal women living in Ulsan area. The results of this study are summarized as follows : when subjects were classified into two groups by bone status, there were significant differences in age, calcium index, serum estrogen and physical activity between two groups. Average daily calcium intake of subjects was 682.9 (149.2)mg, which is almost same as RDA, but 41.1% of the subjects consumed calcium below RDA. Calcium index(p<0.05), serum estrogen(p<0.001), physical activity(p<0.001) of poor bone group were significantly lower than those of good bone group. Although there was not a significant difference between bone status and other influential factors, such as family type, skip meal, alcohol drinking, smoking and BMI, each has been shown to have an effect, if slight, on the bone status.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.355-367
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to identify factors influencing the health-related quality of life among women merchants at traditional markets. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional descriptive study included 121 women merchants. Data were collected from May 01 to June 30, 2019 using the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), psychosocial well-being index-short form (PWI-SF), subjective health status, and HRQoL. Selected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression by applying the SPSS/WIN program 22.0. Results: The HRQoL was significantly different by age (F=5.87, p=.001), education (F=2.98, p=.022), working period (F=4.70, p=.004), exercise (t=2.20, p=.030), chronic disease (t=-2.57, p=.011), BMI (F=5.04, p=.008), depression (F=4.70, p=.004), stress (F=7.82, p<.001), and subjective health status (F=7.91, p=.001). Factors influencing the HRQoL for women merchants included BMI (β=-.35, p<.001), subjective health status (β=.33, p<.001), and stress (β=-.18, p=.021). The explanation power of this regression model was 29.8% (F=5.51, p<.021). Conclusion: BMI, subjective health status, and stress affect the HRQoL of the subjects evaluated. Therefore, there is a need for health management programs that may decrease stress, control the BMI, and improve the subjective health status of women merchants at traditional markets.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence married female immigrants' perceived health status. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of dataset from the 2012 National Multicultural Family Survey in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression with the data of 3,014 married female immigrants. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that demographic factors (age, education level, nationality, period of residency in Korea, and residential area), socio-economical factors (monthly family income, employment, support from the government for basic living, and Medicaid), social support factors (marital conflict, satisfaction with family relationships, some one to talk about self or family matters, meeting with homeland friend, and participation in community meeting), and immigration factors (life satisfaction, experience of social discrimination, and difficulties with living and using medical care) were associated with perceived health status. Conclusion: It is important to pay closer attention to immigrant women who have low economic status, less social support, experience difficulties with living in Korea and using medical care. An effective support system for this population should be developed in order to help them successfully transition.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to estimate industrial workers' health habits by sex. Data was collected from 900 workers at 57 industries in Inchon. The research has been carried out through self-administered questionnaires and from the analysis of health examination records. The results were as follows: 1. The most prevalent age group of women were 20-30 years age group(44.3%) and of men were 30-40 years one(45.6%). As for the marital status, 48.1% of women were single and as were 30% of men. High school graduates were over 62.2% of both sex, 32.5% of the men and 58.0% of the women worked between 1 and 5 years. 2. As far as the health habits, women practiced better than men in smoking, drinking and breakfast habits while men practiced better than women in exercise, sleeping and snack habits(p<0.001). 3. According to the odds ratio of health habits by sex, gender was related to health practices in the present study, men had worse health habits than women by 139.83 times in smoking, by 6.97 times in drinking consumption(p<0.001). And as for eating regular breakfast habits, women had better health habits than men by 2.53 times(p<0.001). 4. Good health practice scores(5-7) were 25.0% in women and 12.6% in men and those had bad health practice (0-4) were 75.0% in women and 87.5% in men(p<0.001). 5. According to the results of multiple logistic regression to examine the difference of health habits by sex, men had worse health habit than women by 114.5 times in smoking, by 3.1 times in alcohol consumption more than once per week in control of the other factors. Women had better health habits than men by 4.5 times in regular breakfast habits. 6. Health habits had a statistically significant association with good health status among men, but the relationship was nonsignificant in the women. According to the odds ratio, men who had bad health habits were poorer health status than who had good health habits by 1.95 times(p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.245-260
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• 1998

The influences of depression and health anxieth on the elderly's drug use and nutritional status were evaluated by interviews with questionaire from August to October in 1996. One hundred and thirty-one male and 231 female elderly in Chung-buk area were the sample for this study. Men's depression score was 22.3 and 25.2 for women, respectively out of 27. Women showed a significantly higher score for depression and health anxiety than men. Gender, age, marital status, number of family, education, income, medical insurance, and mobility and region significantly affected the health anxiety score. The higher depression score the elderly had, the more frequently they took drugs. Conversely. the higher depression score the elderly had, the less frequently they took nutritional supplements. For women, the higher depression score the elderly had, the more they smoked. More depressed elderly showed a significantly smaller BMI compared to the less depressed ones. A negative correlationship existed between the depression score and the elderly's nutrient intakes, especially energy intake which showed a significant negative correlation. There were no significant differences between health anxiety score and nutrient intakes of men. Women who had a higher health anxiety score consumed more energy significantly. The depression score did not affect the elderly's blood biochemical indices. Women who had a low health anxiety score showed a significantly higher HDL-C level.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.323-335
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• 2010

Purpose: This study identified sociodemographic characteristics, health status, health care utilization and related factors of Asian immigrant women in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from 465 immigrant women from China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other Asian countries using standardized questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and $X^2$-test were performed utilizing SPSS version 17. A p-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Subjects had relatively good subjective health. The most prevalent conditions were, in order, anemia, gastrointestinal diseases, gynecological diseases, and depression. Subjects utilized mostly hospitals or clinics when sick. There were significant relationships between health care utilization and factors including residence, time since immigration and economic status. The rate of non-treatment in hospitals or clinics was 30.1% during the previous year, with significant relationships between non-treatment and factors including time since immigration and economic status. The major reasons for non-treatment were the burden of hospital expenses followed by communication difficulty. Conclusion: Public health efforts should be targeted to Asian immigrant women to improve their health status and support health care utilization.