• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2001

Predischarges in nonuniform electric field stressed by lightning impulse voltagesin SF(sub)6-$N_2$mixtures are initiated by streamer coronas. Due to field ehnancement at a protrusion point of electrodes new ionization processes occur and a precursor, which leads to a first leader, is created. The leader proceeds step by step to the opposite electrode and the final jump bridges the test gap. It was found that the predischarge is propagated with a leader mechanism of stepwise expansion from the predischarge current waveforms measured by a shunt. The predischarge current is closely related to the amplitude and polarity of applied voltages, the gas pressure and the gap geometry. The time intervals between step leaders for the positive and negative polarities were inversely proportional to V.P$^2$. When the gas pressure increases in the positive polarity, statistical time lag to statistical time lag to streamer corona inception increase slightly, but the formative time lag to flashover is significantly decreased.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

In this paper, the predischarge propagation processes of SF\ulcorner gas stressed by impulse voltages under nonuniform electric field perturbed by a needle protrusion are described. The statistical and formative time-lags and the time interval between leader pulses were investigated on the basis of the predischarge current measured in the gas pressure range of 0.1~0.5 MPa. The predischarge current is closely related to the waveform, amplitude and polarity of applied votages, the gas pressure and the gap geometry. Both the positive and negative predischarge processes in nonuniform electric field develop in a regime of stepwise leader propagation leading to electrical breakdown. The mean of the time interval between leader pulses gives about a factor of 10 higher for the negative than for the positive leader current puls-es. According as the gas pressure increases, the statistical time-lag was almost unchangeable, but the formative time-lag was gradually decreased.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.577-582
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• 2007

The plasma display panel is an image expression display using gas discharge plasma. However, gas discharge characteristics vary with temperature as gas discharge is sensitive to temperature. The discharge time lag extends a lot in low temperature and it is known as the cause which hinders high speed addressing which is essential for the size enlargement of the panel. Accordingly this research aims at identifying the temperature-dependent discharge characteristic. The lower temperature becomes, the longer addressing discharge time lag becomes. Particularly the statistical time lag extends much in low temperature. The increasing of electric field shortens discharge time lag in low temperature. Also, when priming particles are sufficiently supplied, stable discharge can be performed regardless of the influence of temperature.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2003

서로 연관관계에 있는 실제의 통계자료들은 동태적, 확률적 동시발생적으로 유발되며, 이로 인해 한 자료의 변동이 다른 자료에 미치는 영향은 같은 기간 뿐 아니라 시차를 두고 여러 기간에 걸쳐 지속되며 조정되어 간다. 그러나 일반적인 선형, 비선형 통계모형을 사용하여 현실동향을 분석하는 경우 자료의 이러한 특성에서 오는 시차관계를 통상 무시함으로써 변수 사이의 관계는 같은 기간 내에 결정되어야 하는 제약이 가해지게 된다. 그 결과 시간이 흐름에 따라 이들의 관계가 변화하는 과정이나 한 변수의 변동이 다른 변수에 미치는 장기적 영향도 추정할 수 없을 뿐 아니라 현실여건의 변동이나 전개과정을 설명하는 데도 큰 결함을 갖게 된다. 시차관계가 존재하는 변수에 실제 여건에 합당한 시차구조가 설정되면 현실이 정확히 반영되고, 모형에 내재된 변수들의 장단기 변동상황과 동태적 적응과정이 파악됨과 동시에 다양한 분석이 가능해지므로 모형의 활용도는 높아지게 된다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.377-390
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• 2010

In the case of time-series analysis, it is often more convenient to rely on the frequency domain than the time domain. Spectral density is the core of the frequency-domain analysis that describes autocorrelation structures in a time-series process. Possible ways to estimate spectral density are to compute a periodogram or to average the periodogram over some frequencies with (un)equal weights. This can be an attractive tool to measure the similarity between time-series processes. We employ the metrics based on a smoothed periodogram proposed by Park and Kim (2008) for the classification of different classes of time-series processes. We consider several lag windows with unequal weights instead of a modified Daniel's window used in Park and Kim (2008). We evaluate the performance under various simulation scenarios. Simulation results reveal that the metrics used in this study split the time series into the preassigned clusters better than do the raw-periodogram based ones proposed by Caiado et al. 2006. Our metrics are applied to an economic time-series dataset.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2012

Job competition among generations has become an important social issue that has yet to be studied from an academic viewpoint. This study performs statistical tests to investigate the interrelation of employment among generations using seasonally adjusted monthly time series data. Employment by generations is not found to be strongly interrelated, even if the employment of 30-year-olds appears to affect those of 40-yearolds in some tests.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2013

변수들 간 인과관계는 시차 회귀방정식을 사용한 초기의 검정법 이후 새로운 통계적 기법이 계속 개발되면서 더욱 다양하고 효율적인 분석이 가능하게 되었지만 오랜 논쟁의 대상인 닭과 달걀 간 선행관계에 대한 검정은 의외로 간과되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 현대적 관점에서 두 변수 간 인과관계를 학문적으로 조명해보기 위해 사용가능한 자료를 이용하여 통계적 검정을 실시해 보았다. 두 변수 간 관계에는 구조적 변화가 발생하지 않았음이 입증되면서 사용한 검정법 모두 수준변수 및 정상변수에서 일관된 검정결과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권6_2호
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• pp.1819-1827
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• 2021

최근 도시화로 인한 토지피복의 변화로 불투수층이 증가함에 따라, 강수의 자연적인 지하수 함양이 방해되어 도시홍수와 같은 재난 문제가 발생하고 있다. 따라서 토지피복의 변화에 따른 강수와 지하수위 간 상관관계를 규명하기 위해 본 연구는 소규모 도심지역인 부산광역시 연제구를 대상으로 교차상관분석(Cross-correlation function, CCF) 및 이동평균분석(Moving average method, MA)을 통해 강수와 지하수위간 지연시간을 산정하였다. 지연시간을 산정하기 위해 자기상관분석, 교차상관분석, 이동평균분석을 수행하였으며 피어슨 상관함수를 목적함수로 설정하여 강수량과 지하수위 간 가장 높은 상관계수를 가지는 시차 값을 지연시간으로 결정하였다. 관측공 반경 250 m 내 토지피복형태와 지형은 토지피복지도와 수치지형도를 이용하여 Arc-GIS를 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과 토지피복형태가 도심영향이 많은 불투수층으로 이루어진 GW01, GW03, GW05 (Urban: 71-96%)의 경우 지연시간이 길게 나타났으며(CCF: 42-71일, MA: 148-161일) 식생영향이 많은 투수층으로 이루어진 GW04 (Urban: 35%)는 짧은 지연시간(CCF: 4일, MA: 67일)을 보였다. 토지경사도에 따른 지연시간의 차이는 보이지 않았으며 이는 토지피복형태가 강수와 지하수위 간 지연시간에 영향을 강하게 미치는 요소이기 때문에 토지경사도에 따른 영향이 작용하지 못한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 부산 연제구의 토지 이용에 따른 지하수위와 강수량의 지연시간을 규명함으로써 도시 내 강수의 자연적인 지하수 함양을 위한 도시 녹지공간 조성과 수문학적 재난 예방을 위한 관리계획의 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1992

This study was carried out for the purpose of developing an effective temazepam soft elastic gelatin capsule (softgel) which exhibits an excellent bioavailability and of comparing the rate and extent of absorption of temazepam from the marked elixir and prepared softgel using hydrophilic liquid such as polyethylene glycol 400 as a suspending agent by rotary die method. Both softgel and elixir containing 3 mg of temazepam were given to 7 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits in a single oral dose cross-over study. Plasma temazepam concentrations were measured by HPLC. The mean peak concentrations of temazepam following a single oral dosing as softgel and elixir dosage form were 13.84 and 13.25 ng/ml, respectively. And the mean time to peak concentration was 1.29 hr for the softgel and 1.07 hr for the elixir. There was no significant difference in the extent of drug absorption (AUC) for the two different dosage froms (p>0.05). While the softgel exhibited mean lag time of 0.63 hr, the elixir did not show any lag time. Statistical moment parameters such as the mean residence time and variance of the mean residence time did not differ significantly for the two formulations.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2011

It is generally believed that the occurrence of a magnetic storm depends upon the solar wind conditions, particularly the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component. To understand the relationship between solar wind parameters and magnetic storms, variations in magnetic field polarity and solar wind parameters during magnetic storms are examined. A total of 156 storms during the period of 1997~2003 are used. According to the interplanetary driver, magnetic storms are divided into three types, which are coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven storms, co-rotating interaction region (CIR)-driven storms, and complicated type storms. Complicated types were not included in this study. For this purpose, the manner in which the direction change of IMF $B_y$ and $B_z$ components (in geocentric solar magnetospheric coordinate system coordinate) during the main phase is related with the development of the storm is examined. The time-integrated solar wind parameters are compared with the time-integrated disturbance storm time (Dst) index during the main phase of each magnetic storm. The time lag with the storm size is also investigated. Some results are worth noting: CME-driven storms, under steady conditions of $B_z$ < 0, represent more than half of the storms in number. That is, it is found that the average number of storms for negative sign of IMF $B_z$ (T1~T4) is high, at 56.4%, 53.0%, and 63.7% in each storm category, respectively. However, for the CIR-driven storms, the percentage of moderate storms is only 29.2%, while the number of intense storms is more than half (60.0%) under the $B_z$ < 0 condition. It is found that the correlation is highest between the time-integrated IMF $B_z$ and the time-integrated Dst index for the CME-driven storms. On the other hand, for the CIR-driven storms, a high correlation is found, with the correlation coefficient being 0.93, between time-integrated Dst index and time-integrated solar wind speed, while a low correlation, 0.51, is found between timeintegrated $B_z$ and time-integrated Dst index. The relationship between storm size and time lag in terms of hours from $B_z$ minimum to Dst minimum values is investigated. For the CME-driven storms, time lag of 26% of moderate storms is one hour, whereas time lag of 33% of moderate storms is two hours for the CIR-driven storms. The average values of solar wind parameters for the CME and CIR-driven storms are also examined. The average values of ${\mid}Dst_{min}{\mid}$ and ${\mid}B_{zmin}{\mid}$ for the CME-driven storms are higher than those of CIR-driven storms, while the average value of temperature is lower.