• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this research was to propose policy directions for the design and construction of nature-friendly park facilities (PF) in national parks. In order to do that, nature-friendliness evaluation indicators(NEIs) used in green building rating systems and related articles were reviewed. After the initial literature review was complete, NEIs for park facilities based on location, design, construction, operation, and management sectors were developed. Data was obtained through a questionnaire completed by 79 managers at 19 national parks in Korea in 2008. The answers were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, a t-test, a multi-dimensional analysis, and a factor analysis. This research found that: 1) The results indicated that based on relative weight calculation, the location condition was evaluated as the most important; 2) The evaluation results regarding the degree of nature-friendliness of park facilities showed that location condition was ranked higher than design and construction--in addition, the evaluated values of indicators related to energy efficiency were ranked the lowest; 3) the level of nature-friendliness of shelter was given the highest level, but resting facility was the lowest level; 4) Overall, park facilities at Mt. Seorak, Mt. Odae, and Taean Coast national parks showed high levels of nature-friendliness. But park facilities at Mt. Gyeongju and Mt. Songni national parks showed low levels of nature-friendliness. The results of this research shall contribute to the establishment of tailor-made management policies, the development of detailed guidelines for increased energy efficiency and visitor satisfaction, and the preservation of ecosystems and natural resources in Korea's national parks.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.8 s.88
• /
• pp.1075-1081
• /
• 2007

We investigated whether 1) capsaicin ingestion (100 mg) enhances autonomic nervous system (ANS) activities associated with thermogenic sympathetic activity as energy metabolic modulator, 2) UCP1 and ${\beta}_{3}$-AR variants of each subjects influence with ANS activity. Eight healthy males (24.7 ${\pm}$ 1.8 yr) volunteered for this study. The cardiac autonomic nervous activities evaluated by means of heart rate variability of power spectral analysis and energy metabolism were continuously measured during 5-min rest for total 90-min resting condition with placebo or capsaicin oral administration chosen at random. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in heart rate during rest between both trials. Autonomic nervous activity increased in capsaicin tablet trial, but the difference did not reach the statistical significance. Capsaicin, however, induced significantly lower respiratory gas exchange ratio at Test3 (CAP: 0.80 ${\pm}$ 0.02 vs. 0.85 ${\pm}$ 0.02), means ${\pm}$ SE, p<0.05). In conclusion, it may be suggested the capsaicin consumption as a valuable supplement for the treatment of individual with hyperlipidemia and/or obesity by improving lipolysis. Further studies will also be considered genetic variants such as UCP1 and/or ${\beta}_{3}$-AR associated with obesity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.379-384
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to understand the national and regional distribution of the biomass resources produced in Korea annually via establishing database (DB) and distribution maps of biomass resources data including as livestock manures, food wastes and agricultural by-product. The information of the annual production of each biomass resources was obtained from Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MIFAFF), Ministry of Environment (MOE) and National Statistical Office (NSO). Based on biomass resources data, we established database architecture table about livestock manures and food wastes. The distribution maps for the total amount of manures produced from each livestock animal were built up in both national and regional scales and used for analysis of the space-based and time-based distribution of the manure resources. Distribution maps for food wastes and agricultural by-product were also produced, respectively. It was shown that the analysis through resource mapping can be used to identify the sources of collectable biomass feasibly determining suitable region for establishment of a biomass-energy production. The biomass distribution maps graphically provide the information regarding biomass resources to policy-makers, farmers, general users and it was expected to be utilized for policy-making of environmental-friendly agriculture and bio-energy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.11
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2015

Purpose - A traditional retail market is a place that offers economic opportunity to employees and employers alike it also is a place where the community can meet. The Korean government has invested three trillion won to improve physical and non-physical aspects in traditional retail markets since 2004. However, little research on this has been conducted. We explore this research gap that could lead to theory extension. We analyze consumption behavior with respect to traditional retail markets through an empirical analysis, thus overcoming limits in previous research. We empirically analyze policy effects of traditional retail market projects supported by the Korean government. Research design, data, and methodology - We propose a traditional retail market improvement plan via the relation between cause and effect resulting from the analysis. More specifically, logit analysis was carried out with 1,754 consumers in 16 cities nationwide. In order to analyze consumer consumption behaviors nationwide, the probability was analyzed using a logit model. This research analyzes the link between support and non-support by the Korean government using binary values. The dependent variable is whether Korean government support is implemented; the binomial logistic regression is used as the statistical estimation technique. The object variables are:1 (support) or 0 (nonsupport), and the prediction value is between 1 and 0. As a result of the factor analysis of questions related to attributes of service quality, four factors were extracted: convenience, product, facilities, and service. Results - The results indicate that convenience, product, and facilities have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in accordance with the government's traditional retail market support. Additionally, the results reveal that convenience, product, facilities, and service all have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in a traditional retail market's service quality and consumer satisfaction. Finally, the analysis indicates that the highly satisfied traditional retail market customer has a significant influence on revisit intention. Moreover, the results reveal that the highly satisfied traditional retail market customer has a significant influence on recommendation intention. Conclusions - This research focused on consumers nationwide to measure policy effects of traditional retail markets compared to previous research that focused on one traditional retail market or a specific area. We verified the relationship of service quality and customer satisfaction and consumer behavior based on service quality theory. The results indicate that consumer satisfaction of traditional retail markets supported by service quality factors has a significant impact. In a concrete form, the results indicate that these effects are from facility modernization projects and marketing support projects of the Korean government. The results also imply that these facility and management support effects from the Korean government have been consistent. We realize that the Korean government has to selectively support traditional retail markets in major cities and small and medium-sized cities. To that end, the Korean government needs to select a concentration strategy for the revitalization of traditional retail markets.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.178-192
• /
• 2010

This research aimed to analyze the effects of brand equity has on satisfaction and brand loyalty of food service consumers in restaurants. For the empirical analysis, we used the self-administered method, using 250 copies of questionnaire in total. 235 copies(94%) was collected and we used the 223 copies(89%) for the analysis. For data processing, we used the statistical package program of SPSS WIN Version 12.0, conducting a frequency analysis, a reliability analysis and a factor analysis, and verifying hypotheses through a regression analysis. As the result of the research, for the hypothesis that "Brand equity(brand recognition, brand image, perceived quality, brand attitude) will have a significant effect on satisfaction," it showed that brand recognition, brand image and perceived quality have a significant effect on satisfaction, and for the hypothesis that "Satisfaction will have a significant effect on brand loyalty," it showed that satisfaction has a significant effect on brand loyalty. For the hypothesis that "Brand equity (brand recognition, brand image, perceived quality, brand attitude) will have a significant effect on brand loyalty," it showed that brand recognition, perceived quality and brand attitude have a significant effect on brand loyalty. To build a competitive brand of the food service industry on the basis of the results of this research, they will concentrate their energy on outlining strategies which can remind customers of their brands by managing their brands systematically and on strengthening their brand equity effectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2007

This study centered on the quantitative analysis of about 27 trace elements including toxic ones using instrumental neutron activation analysis of fine ambient particulate matter in the third and fourth industrial complex area of Daejeon city, Korea. For analytical quality control, the certified reference material (NIST, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.A., SRM 2783, air particulate on filter media) was used. The errors relative to SRM values of Sb, Mn, V, Mg, Na, K, Ti, Co, Zn, and Sm fell below 5%, while those of Cr, Fe, Ba, Th, Ce, Al, and Cu were less than 10%. From the results of the quantitative analysis, the concentration of toxic metals such as As, Mn, Se, V, and Zn were $3.26{\pm}2.72$, $9.86{\pm}4.71$, $2.18{\pm}1.25$, $4.91{\pm}2.41$, $158{\pm}78ng/m^3$, respectively. And the results of factor analysis indicated that there are no more than six factors of sources of fine ambient particulate with statistical significance in the study area.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.139-159
• /
• 2008

Geochemical analysis of the various kinds of water including observation borehole groundwater was carried out for the assessment of the hydrological safety of the underground oil storage cavern and the potentiality of mineralogical and microbiological clogging was estimated. Most of water samples belonged to $Ca-HCO_3$ and $Ca-HCO_3-SO_4$ types. There was no distinct chemical difference in the various kinds of water. All kinds of water are undersaturated with the calcite which is the major clogging mineral. Most water samples have low Fe and Mn concentrations. However, they are saturated or oversaturated with the iron-oxide/hydroxide minerals and have high dissolved oxygen contents which suggests the possibility of clogging by the iron-oxide/hydroxide minerals as a long-term aspect. Several water samples from the ground observation borehole also show the high saturation indices far the clay minerals, which can fill up the fractures, indicating the possibility of clogging by the clay minerals. Statistical analysis shows the degree of mineral precipitation or dissolution is mainly controlled by pH, Eh and DO of water samples. According to the microbial analysis, the aerobic microbes and slime forming bacteria are dominant in most water samples and anaerobic microbes including sulfate reducing bacteria are very low or not detected. Although the slime forming bacteria which are known as a main microbial cause of the clogging is lower than $10^5\;CFUs/mL$ in all water samples, because the slime forming bacteria are dominant microbe in several observation boreholes, the clogging can be caused by it as a long-term aspect. In addition, the possibility of clogging can be increased if the microbial effect is combined with the mineralogical effect such as iron oxide/hydroxide minerals for the possibility of clogging. Therefore, the systematic and long-term program for the assessment of clogging is required for the safe operation of underground oil storage cavern.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.519-533
• /
• 2010

Activity oefficients and solubilities of L-Alanine in aqueous solutions containing each of four electrolytes(NaCl, KCl, $NaNO_3$ and $KNO_3$) were measured at 298.15 K. The measurements of activity coefficients were carried out in the electrochemical cell coupled with two ion-selective electrodes(cation and anion), and the solubilities were measured by the gravimetric analysis of saturated solutions in equilibrium with the solid phase of L-alanine. To model the activity coefficients and solubilities of amino acid in the amino acid/electrolyte aqueous solutions, thermodynamic relations of the residual Helmholtz free energy in the amino acid/electrolyte aqueous solutions were developed based on the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory(PC-SAFT) combined with the primitive mean spherical approximation(primitive-MSA). In the present model, it is assumed that the zwitterions of L-alanine are associated with each other and cross-associated with water molecules, and also cross-associated with the cation and anion dissociated from an electrolyte(inorganic salt). The activity coefficients and solubilities of L-Alanine calculated from the theoretical model proposed in this work are found to be well agreeable with experimental data.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.50-60
• /
• 2022

The concentration levels and distribution characteristics of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated and evaluated for total 100 soil samples as a part of the survey on soil contamination in Gwangju. The results (median and range) of T-PAHs (sum of 16 PAH concentrations), C-PAHs (sum of carcinogenic PAH concentrations) and T-TEQs (sum of 16 TEQ concentrations) were 20.8 (7.6~1158.1), 2.2 (N.D~509.6), and 0.3 (N.D~424.6) ㎍/kg, respectively. There was a positive correlation between C-PAHs/T-PAHs and T-TEQs/T-PAHs except one point where the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene was high. The ratios of the C-PAHs/T-PAHs were 31.7% for low molecular weight-PAHs and 68.3% for high molecular weight-PAHs, suggesting that PAHs generation mainly arose from combustion sources. The ratio of isomers of individual PAHs, Phe/Ant, Flu/Pyr, Ant/(Ant+Phe), Flu/(Flu+Pyr), and BaA/(BaA+Chr), also confirmed the predominance of PAHs from combustion activities. Statistical tracing of the source of PAHs through principal component analysis indicated that the main sources of combustion were automobile fuel and coal. The overall results of this study suggested HMW-PAHs, T-PAHs, C-PAHs and T-TEQs should be separately evaluated to better assess the toxicity and environmental behavior of individual PAHs.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.491-499
• /
• 2023

Scattering by Sea surface roughness occurs due to sea level roughness, communication performance deteriorates by causing frequency spread in communication signals and time variation in communication channels. In order to compare the difference in time variation of underwater acoustic communication channel according to the surface roughness, an experiment was performed in a tank owned by Hanyang University Ocean Acoustics Lab. Artificial surface roughness was created in the tank and communication signals with three bandwidths were used (8 kHz, 16 kHz, 32 kHz). The measured surface roughness was converted into a Rayleigh parameter and used as a roughness parameter, and statistical analysis was performed on the time-varying channel characteristics of the surface path using Doppler spread and correlation time. For the Doppler spread of the surface path, the Weighted Root Mean Square Doppler spread (w_fσ_ν) that corrected the effect of the carrier frequency and bandwidth of the communication signal was used. Using the correlation time of the surface path and the energy ratio of the direct path and the surface path, the correlation of total channels was simulated and compared with the measured correlation time of total channels. In this study, we propose a method for efficient communication signal design in an arbitrary marine environment by using the time-varying characteristics of the sea surface path according to the sea surface roughness.