• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2019

The purpose of this review paper is to briefly describe main the features of novel procedures developed by the National of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the design of tall buildings. Topics considered in the paper include: the division of tasks between wind and structural engineers; the determination of wind effects with specified mean recurrence intervals by accounting for wind directionality; the risk-consistent design of structures subjected to multiple wind hazards; iterative dynamic analyses and member sizing, including the use of modern optimization approaches; and commonalities of and differences between Database-assisted Design (DAD) and Equivalent Static Wind Loads procedures. An example of the application of the DAD procedure is presented for a reinforced concrete structure. Also included in the paper is an introduction to ongoing research on the estimation of wind load factors or of augmented design mean recurrence intervals commensurate with the uncertainties in the factors that determine the wind effects.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.765-779
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• 2009

Quantitative condition assessment of structures has been traditionally using proof load test leading to an indication of the load-carrying capacity. Alternative approaches using ultrasonic, dynamics etc. are based on the unloaded state of the structure and anomalies may not be fully mobilized in the load resisting path and thus their effects are not fully included in the measured responses. This paper studies the effect of the load carried by a reinforced concrete beam on the assessment result of the crack damage. This assessment can only be performed with an approach based on static measurement. The crack damage is modelled as a crack zone over an area of high tensile stress of the member, and it is represented by a damage function for the simulation study. An existing nonlinear optimization algorithm is adopted. The identified damage extent from a selected high level load and a low load level are compared, and it is concluded that accurate assessment can only be obtained at a load level close to the one that creates the damage.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.149-172
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• 2014

Four algorithms for damage detection of trusses are presented in this paper. These approaches can detect damage by using both complete and incomplete measurements. The suggested methods are based on the minimization of the difference between the measured and analytical static responses of structures. A non-linear constrained optimization problem is established to estimate the severity and location of damage. To reach the responses, the successive quadratic method is used. Based on the objective function, the stiffness matrix of the truss should be estimated and inverted in the optimization procedure. The differences of the proposed techniques are rooted in the strategy utilized for inverting the stiffness matrix of the damaged structure. Additionally, for separating the probable damaged members, a new formulation is proposed. This scheme is employed prior to the outset of the optimization process. Furthermore, a new tactic is presented to select the appropriate load pattern. To investigate the robustness and efficiency of the authors' method, several numerical tests are performed. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to assess the effect of noisy measurements on the estimated parameters.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.173-186
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• 2017

Conceptual configuration and seismic performance of high-rise steel frame-brace structure are studied. First, the topology optimization problem of minimum volume based on truss-like material model under earthquake action is presented, which is solved by full-stress method. Further, conceptual configurations of 20-storey and 40-storey steel frame-brace structure are formed. Next, the 40-storeystructure model is developed in Opensees. Two common configurations are utilized for comparison. Last, seismic performance of 40-storey structure is derived using nonlinear static analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis. Results indicate that structural lateral stiffness and maximum roof displacement can be improved using brace. Meanwhile seismic damage can also be decreased. Moreover, frame-brace structure using topology optimization is most favorable to enhance lateral stiffness and mitigate seismic damage. Thus, topology optimization is an available way to form initial conceptual configuration in high-rise steel frame-brace structure.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

해석용 모델의 검증이란 완성된 모델이 실제 제품의 특성을 반영하고 있는지에 대한 확인절차이다. 일반적으로 해석모델작성 시 형상의 단순화 및 비선형특성의 반영에 대한 한계 등으로 공학적 가정을 이용하므로 실제 구조와는 다른 물리적, 기계적 특성을 갖게 된다. 본 연구에서는 순차적 2차계획법(Sequential Quadratic Programming, SQP)을 이용하는 목표달성기법(Goal-Attainment Method)의 다목적 최적화 기법을 이용하여 활공체 날개의 정적 처짐과 고유진동수 차이를 최소화하는 방법으로 구조모델의 최신화를 수행하였으며, 모드형상의 일치성을 정량적으로 판단하기 위하여 Modal Assurance Criterion(MAC)를 이용하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2004

The eddy current brake system is a non-contact brake based on the mutual relation between the rail and the frame. Consequently, the accuracy is required in estimating the stress concentration and the deformation of the eddy current brake system. In this paper, the static analysis considering the gravity and the suction force for the deformation and the stress concentration of the main frame of the initially designed eddy current brake system was carried out. The shape of the I-type beam obtained from the optimization was analyzed and compared with the initial model. Also, the initial model was modified based on the optimization model and the result was verified to have the acceptable improvement.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 반응표면법에 다항함수, 지수함수, 로그함수등을 적용한 다양한 회귀함수를 이용하여 최적화를 수행하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 트러스 구조와 하니콤 복합재 플랫폼에 대하여 응력 및 고유진동수를 고려하여 최적설계를 수행하였다. 근사함수를 효과적이고 용이하게 하는 방법을 실험계획법이라 하는데 중심합성법, 요인설계법, 회전계획법, 심플렉스법 등이 있으며, 본 연구에서는 중심합성법을 이용하여 반응표면을 생성하였다. 이를 위하여 구조해석 코드로 MSC/NASTRAN을 사용하였으며 최적설계 프로그램은 중심합성법을 기반으로 하여 다양한 회귀모델에 의한 반응표면을 적용하여 작성하였다. 또한 이 결과를 기존의 도함수를 이용한 최적화 기법이나 유전자알고리즘을 이용한 최적화 결과와 비교하여 반응표면법의 설계상의 장점 및 반응표면 생성 시 다양한 회귀모델에의 사용에 대한 신뢰성을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.821-826
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• 2011

CAE 기반 구조최적설계법인 위상최적설계와 형상최적설계를 크레인의 경량화에 적용하였다. 붐은 단면 형상을 설계 변수로 변화시키면서 질량의 최소화를 최적설계의 목적함수로 하고 붐의 정적강도와 동적강성이 초기 모델의 성능에 비해서 저하되지 않아야 한다는 제한조건을 설정하였다. 구조해석 및 최적설계는 상용소프트웨어인 Hyperworks를 이용하여 수행하였으며 붐의 단면 형상의 변형에 따르는 요소망의 변동은 모핑 기능을 사용하여 수치 안정성을 확보하였다. 붐의 지지부는 초기 모델을 단순화시킨 설계 영역을 설정하고 이를 삼차원 솔리드 요소로 이산화한 후 위상최적설계를 수행하였다. 최적설계 결과 시스템의 전체 동적, 정적 강성을 저하시키지 않은 채로 붐은 19%, 지지부는 17% 경량화시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 재료 탄성계수의 공간적 불확실성을 고려한 위상최적화 문제를 다루었다. 88줄로 작성된 MATLAB Code를 사용하여 MBB(messerschmidt-$b{\ddot{o}}lkow$-blohm) model에 대해 5,000개의 추계장 표본을 작성하여 해석에 사용하였다. 재료탄성계수의 추계장 표본은 스펙트럼 모사법을 적용하여 작성하였고, 구조계영역 내에서 정규분포하는 것으로 가정하였다. 해석결과에 대한 통계처리를 통하여 형상최적화의 결과를 나타내는 체적률의 변화도를 추계장의 상관거리에 대하여 나타내었다. 최적형상의 변화도는 상관거리가 작을 경우 크게 산정되었고, 상관거리가 큰 경우에는 적은 값을 나타내었다. 큰 상관거리에서 변화도가 적은 것은 위상최적화가 선형해석에 따르기 때문이다. 따라서 위상최적화 시 구조재료 불확실성의 특성에 따른 고려가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2014

In this paper, a numerical analysis for an internal turret moored vessel located at a 400-m water depth is conducted. The target vessel has an internal turret that is located at the 0.2 Lpp position from the fore-side, with $3{\times}4$ complex mooring lines installed around the turret circumference. To investigate the motion response of the vessel and the structural reliability of the lines, model tests were conducted. The KRISO ocean basin has a water depth of 3.2 m, which represents 192m using a scaling of 1:60. In order to precisely represent the real-scale condition, equivalent mooring lines needed to be designed. Truncated mooring lines were designed to supplement the restriction of the flume's water depth and increase the reliability of the model testing. These truncated mooring lines were composed of two different chains in order to match the pre-tension, simultaneously restoring the curve and variation in the effective line tension. The static similarities were compared using a static pull-out test and free decaying test, and the dynamic similarities were matched via a regular wave test and combined environments test. Consequently, the designed truncated mooring system could represent the prototype mooring system relatively well in the aspects of kinematics and dynamics.