• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of treadmill gait training in an adjusted position from the functional training system on the gait and balance of chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Thirty chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, who received treadmill gait training in an adjusted position, or the control group, who received regular treadmill gait training. Both groups underwent a 30-minute comprehensive rehabilitation treatment before receiving an additional 20-minute treadmill gait training. This routine was repeated five times a week for four weeks. To measure the difference before and after training in walking and balance, patients were scored on the following: 10 m walking test (10 MWT), 6 minute walking distance (6 MWD), timed up and go test (TUG), and static standing balance test (stability index). RESULTS: While post-training scores of 10 MWT, 6 MWD, TUG, and stability index for both groups increased significantly compared with pre-training (p<.05), the experimental group showed greater improvement than the control group (p<.05). The scores of the experimental group increased significantly by 9% in the 10 MWT, 11% in 6 MWD, 13% in the TUG, 8% in the stability Index (eye opened), and 10% in the stability index (eye closed). CONCLUSION: Treadmill gait training in an adjusted position from the functional training system would be a useful gait training method to improve walking and balance of chronic stroke patients.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stabilization, resistance exercise, and combined exercise for lumbar on balance and walking ability of elderly. This study selected 22 subjects of over 65 years old elderly women who satisfy the study condition from A, B and C Senior Citizen's Center, in Daegu. The subjects were divided into groups; 7 for resistance exercise group, 8 for stabilization exercise group, and 7 for combined exercise group(resistance and stabilization exercise). The exercises were conducted for 60min a day, three times a week for 12 weeks. Balance and walking ability were checked before the exercise, 6 weeks later, and 12 weeks later. First, all lumbar muscle strengthening exercises were effective for static balance which changed according to exercising period. In dynamic balance, the resistance exercise group showed significant improvement in sit to stand. Stabilization exercise group showed significant improvement in all factors. The combined exercise group showed significant improvement in sit to stand and timed up and go. There was no difference between the exercise types. Second, the resistance exercise group showed significant change in Cadence which changed according to exercising period. The combined exercise group showed significant improvement in all factors. Between the exercise types, combined exercise was a bit more effective than resistance exercise. According to the result of 12 weeks of lumbar muscle exercise, combined exercise is considered to be the most effective exercise to prevent fall as it helps balance and walking ability slightly more than other exercises. Therefore, this study can understand the risk factors for fall accidents that frequently occur among elderly and adopt the combined exercise to prevent fall which in turn will prevent secondary problems occur from fall accidents and improve quality of life of elderly.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hip joint mobilization (HJM) on walking ability, balance ability, and the joint range of motion in stroke patients to minimize the problems of the musculoskeletal system in patients with central nervous system diseases. All volunteers were randomly assigned to the HJM group ($n_1=14$) and the general neurodevelopment therapy (NDT) group ($n_2=16$). The HJM procedure involved applying Maitland mobilization techniques (distraction, lateral gliding, inferior gliding, and anterior gliding) by grade 3 to both hip joint. The mobilization process included mobilization and NDT for 15 min/day, 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were evaluated, including the hip joint passive range of motion (ROM) test and femur head anterior glide test (FHAG) using prone figure four test, dynamic and static balance abilities [timed up and go (TUG) test and center of pressure (COP) analysis], and walking ability [10-meter walking test (10MWT) and 6-min walking test (6MWT)]. Both the groups showed significant post-training differences in the hip joint ROM (FHAG and degree of hip extension) and 10MWT. The post-training improvements in the TUG test were significantly greater in patients of the HJM group than in the NDT group; however, there were no post-training improvements in COP in both groups. Patients in the HJM group showed post-training improvement in the 6MWT; however, statistically significant differences were not observed. Patients in the NDT group showed post-training improvements in the 6MWT. These results suggest that HJM improves hip joint ROM, dynamic balance ability, and walking speed in stroke patients. However, further studies are required to evaluate the long-term therapeutic efficacy of HJM in stroke patients.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in static arch height and ankle stability according to the preference for insole height and hardness in the arch area. Method: The study participants were 20 adult males (age: 22.7 ± 1.8 yrs., height: 175.3 ± 4.3 cm, body weight: 72.5 ± 7.7 kg). First, the arch heights of all subjects were measured in static postures (sitting and standing). The inversion and eversion movements of the ankle joint were analyzed during walking (1.3 m/s & 1.7 m/s) and running (2.7 m/s & 3.3 m/s). The variables (static arch height, and inversion and eversion angle of ankle joint) were compared by classifying groups according to the preference for the height and hardness of the arch of the insole. First, it was divided into a high arch insole preference group (HAG, n=8) and a low arch insole preference group (LAG, n=12) according to the preference for the arch height of the insole. Second, it was divided into a high hardness insole preference group (HHG, n=7), medium hardness insole preference group (MHG, n=7), and low hardness insole preference group (LHG, n=6), according to the preference for the arch hardness of the insole. Results: First, the range of motion (ROM) of inversion-eversion at the ankle joint during walking was statistically smaller in HAG than in LAG (p<.05). Second, the arch height change of HHG was statistically greater than that of MHG and LHG (p<.05). Conclusion: In the case of flexible flat feet with a large change in arch height, providing a high hardness arch insole that can disperse foot pressure can improve comfort. It was found that people with high medial and lateral sway of the ankle joint preferred a low arch insole, but it is necessary to differentiate and compare the insole heights of the arch part in detail. In addition, in the case of fast motion such as running, the preference for the arch height and hardness of the insole was not related to the static arch height and ankle stability.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2019

Plantar pressure data can be used not only for walking patterns in daily life, but also for eating, health care, and disease prevention. For this reason, the importance of plantar pressure measurement has recently increased. However, most systems that can measure both static and dynamic plantar pressure at the same time are expensive, not portable, and not universal. In this study, we propose a system that effectively reduces the number of sensors in plantar pressure system. Through this, we want to increase the economics and practicality by reducing the size and weight of the system, as well as the power consumption. First, for static plantar pressure and dynamic plantar pressure, the values measured by existing precision instruments are analyzed to determine how many measurement parts the insole is divided into. Next, for the divided measuring parts, the position of the sensor is determined by calculating the Center of Pressure (COP) for each part with the values of all dynamic and static plantar pressure sensors. Finally, in order to construct a personalized plantar pressure measurement system, we propose a weighting method for the static plantar pressure COP and the dynamic plantar pressure COP for each part.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

Objectives : Cool Pharmacopuncture for static blood is a famous pharmacopuncture treatment that treated disease caused by static blood. Hyolhae(Sp10) is also a famous point of acupuncture that treated that. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Cool Pharmacopuncture for static blood into Hyolhae(Sp10) on BAX and BCL-2 expression in the experimental traumatic brain injury(TBI) rats. Methods : Male rats were divided into 3 groups. I was no treatment after TBI. II was treatment with needle-prick acupuncture after TBI. III was treatment with Cool Pharmacopuncture for static blood into Hyolhae(Sp10) after TBI. The author carried out neurological motor behavioral test, histological assessment test. Neurological motor behavior tests consist of rotarod test, beam-walking test and postural reflex test. In the histological assessment test, BAX and BCL-2 expression, hematoxylin & eosin staining were experimented. Results : In neurological motor behavior tests, motor and cognitive function recovery was significantly increased in the II, III as compared with I (p<0.05). Especially III was significantly increased as compared with II (p<0.05). BAX expression was significantly decresed in order of the III, II, I after 7 and 14 days later. BCL-2 expression was investigated in the III, II as compared with I. Especially Most incresed expression was experimented in the III. Conclusions : According to the above results, Cool Pharmacopuncture for static blood can inhibit apoptosis of cells after TBI in rats by contol of BAX and BCL expression.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the initial effect of nerve mobilization (NM), static stretching (SS), and contract-relax (CR) techniques to find the best method in improving hamstring flexibility and gait function in patients with hemiplegia. Methods : Eleven patients with hemiplegia were included in this study. Passive knee extension (PKE) range of motion and the sit and reach (SR) test were used to measure hamstring flexibility, while timed up and go (TUG) and the 10m walking (10MW) test were used to measure the subject's gait. Measurements on each test were assessed prior to the experiment, immediately following the experiment, and 30 minutes after the experiment. Analysis of the results utilized a repeated measures analysis of variance to examine hamstring flexibility and the difference in walking ability. Results : The results suggest significant increases in NM, SS, and CR techniques as they relate to hamstring flexibility (p<.05) following (both immediate and 30 minutes post experiment) PKE range of motion and the SR test, but post-hoc showed no significant difference between the three techniques (p>.05). Additionally, the results suggest significant increases in NM, SS, and CR techniques as they relate to gait function (p<.05) following the TUG test, but found no significant difference in the 10MW test (p>.05). Post-hoc analysis between the three techniques suggests that only the NM technique significantly changed gait function. The time of TUG and 10MW test showed no significant difference between the three techniques before an experiment, just after an experiment, and 30 minutes following the experiment according to the measurement points in time (p>.05). Conclusion : This study suggests NM, SS, and CR techniques immediately improve hamstring length and flexibility while improving gait function in patients with hemiplegia.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.249-252
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• 1997

A study on static and dynamic socket pressure distributions on a trans-femoral amputee with a suction socket was performed in order to assess an optimal socket fitting and function. Even for the amputee's static neutral position, pressure concentrations were observed in the lateral, medial, and posterior planes of the socket. During free walking, a significant movement of pressure concentration areas was observed. Large socket pressure was observed in the lateral, medial-anterior and posterior walls during mid-stance or push-off period. Socket pressure measurement will be one of the good tool to determine the optimal socket-limb interface.

• 신경치료
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Purpose This study is to investigate the effect of sling exercise on the balance capacity of spastic diplegia cerebral palsy patient based on Bobath concept. Methods A single subject experiment was designed targeting an 8year old child with the rigid bilateral cerebral palsy. The static balance test used the 30 second Rombug test of BT4, and the dynamic balance test used the timed up and go test. Results In the 30second Rombug test of BT4, the child had a smaller median outcome than baseline and withdrawal period. In the TUG test, the walking speed in the intervention period was improved comparing to the baseline and withdrawal period. Conclusion The sling exercise based on the Bobath concept has been proved that it is an effective intervention to improve the static and dynamic balance capacity of patients with rigid bilateral cerebral palsy.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of genu valgum on the body mass index, movement of lower limb joints, and ground reaction force. Methods : Gait patterns of 30 college students with genu valgum were analyzed and the static Q angle of the femur was measured for selecting genu valgum of the subjects. To analyze the kinetic changes during walking, the six-camera Vicon MX motion analysis system was used. The subjects were asked to walk 12 meters using the more comfortable walking method for walking. After they walked 12 meters more than 10 times, their most natural walking patterns were chosen three times and analyzed. Results : As a result of measuring a relationship between genu valgum and Q-angle, as the Q-angle increases, it showed a genu valgum also increased. Body Mass Index showed a significant difference between the groups was higher in the genu valgum group.(p<.001). The analysis result showed that genu valgum had a significant effect on the internal rotation moment in the hip joint(p<.05). Also, genu valgum had a significant effect on the internal rotation moment of the knee joint(p<.05). The comparative analysis of the Medial-Lateral ground reaction force in the genu valgum group showed a tendency to increase the medial ground reaction force(p<.05). The vertical ground reaction forces of the middle of the stance phase(Fz0) showed a significant increase in genu valgum group(p<.05), in particular the results showed a decrease in the early stance phase(p<.001). Conclusion : In conclusion, the change in body mass is considered to be made by proactive regular exercise for improvement of the genu valgum. In addition, the prevention of the deformation caused by secondary of the genu valgum in this study may be used as an indicator of the position alignment rehabilitation for structural and functional improvements. Applying a therapeutic exercise program for the next lap will require changes in posture alignment.