• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.233-236
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• 2008

To analyze the saline intrusion in the place, such as an estuary, the three-dimensional numerical model is developed. In this study, the advection terms of the governing equations are discretized by upwind scheme. By using an explicit scheme for the longitudinal direction and an implicit scheme for the vertical direction, the numerical model is free from the restriction of temporal step size caused by a relatively small grid ratio. The equation of state is used to consider the density, and the scalar transport equation for salinity is employed the third order TVD to scheme to prevent unphysical oscillation near discontinuity. In order to verify saline intrusion, the numerical model is conducted to compare the previous model in the lock exchange. The present model generally show a good agreement with the previous one.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.425-428
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• 2009

Silicone is recently used for LED chip encapsulment due to its good thermal stability and optical transmittance. To mold a solid-state silicone encapsulment, curing by mixing at elevated temperatures followed by cooling is necessary. As the silicone molding process is involved in healing and subsequent cooling, the thermal residual stress, which causes mechanical warpage or optical birefringence in the final silicone encapsulment, may be induced if there are non-uniformities in cured silicone material properties or encapsulment shape design. The prediction of residual stress is necessary to design a high-quality silicone molding process. Therefore, in the present paper, a numerical parametric study was attempted to evaluate the heating and cooling effects on the thermal residual stress induced in the cured silicone.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.493-520
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• 2009

During the last four decades, 16 Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) and 4 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR) have been constructed and operated in Korea, and nuclear fuel technology has been developed to a self-reliant state. At first, the PWR fuel design and manufacturing technology was acquired through international cooperation with a foreign partner. Then, the PWR fuel R&D by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has improved fuel technology to a self-reliant state in terms of fuel elements, which includes a new cladding material, a large-grained $UO_2$ pellet, a high performance spacer grid, a fuel rod performance code, and fuel assembly test facility. The MOX fuel performance analysis code was developed and validated using the in-reactor test data. MOX fuel test rods were fabricated and their irradiation test was completed by an international program. At the same time, the PWR fuel development by Korea Nuclear Fuel (KNF) has produced new fuel assemblies such as PLUS7 and ACE7. During this process, the design and test technology of fuel assemblies was developed to a self-reliant state. The PHWR fuel manufacturing technology was developed and manufacturing facility was set up by KAERI, independently from the foreign technology. Then, the advanced PHWR fuel, CANFLEX(CANDU Flexible Fuelling), was developed, and an irradiation test was completed in a PHWR. The development of the CANFLEX fuel included a new design of fuel rods and bundles.. The nuclear fuel technology in Korea has been steadily developed in many national R&D programs, and this advanced fuel technology is expected to contribute to a worldwide nuclear renaissance that can create solutions to global warming.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.406-416
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• 1997

A computational method is developed for predicting the steady-state temperature field in an LMR core. Detailed core-wide coolant temperature profiles are efficiently calculated using the simplified energy equation mixing model[1] and the subchannel analysis method. The $\theta$-method is employed for discretizing the energy equations in the axial direction. The interassembly coupling is achieved by interassembly gap flow. Cladding and fuel temperatures are calculated with the one-dimensional conduction model and temperature integrals of conductivities. The accuracy of the method is tested by performing several benchmark calculations for too LMR problems. The results indicate that the accuracy is comparable to the other methods based on ENERGY model. It is also shown that the implicit scheme for the axial discretization is more efficient than the explicit scheme.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 1991

The purpose of the this study was to investigate and analyze the various statistical data on the actual state of farmland uses given in Korea and Hokkaido of Japan. The results of this research are as follows ; 1. The rate of farmland uses was marked 118% and 99% in Korea and Hokkaido of Japan in 1988, respectively. That of Korea was higher than that of Hokkaido of Japan. The tendency of the value for Korea has been decreased since the value was shown peak in 1980, but that of the value for Hokkaido was found gradually the increased value. It was analyzed that the reason why the value was decreased in Korea was referred to avoid the crops culture, and the reason why the value was increased in Hokkaido was dueto increase the area of pasture. 2. The farmland use system according to region were d ue to be the mixing pattern of rice culture and dry-field crops in East region of korea and the type of mainly rice culture in West region. The pattern of farmland use system was used to be performed mainly the rice culture in Central region, the mixing type of rice culture and dry-field crops in South region, and the agriculture of mainly dry-field crops and dairy in East-North region in Hokkaido. 3. In the light of the rate of planting, the rate of rice culture and dry-field crops were 49% and 51% in Korea, respectively. As the values were 13% and 87% in Hokkaido of Japan, respectively, the dry-field crops attained the superiority. The main crop kinds was shown the rice culture in Korea and the feed plant in Hokkaido of Japan, respectively. 4. In considering the above results, there are much differences in agricultural style and industrialization processes in both country Korea and Japan. Especially much more differences were evident from farmland use system of Hokkaido Island where had unique agricultural style in Japan.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

Fast kinetics of transient pH changes and difference spectrum formation have been investigated following mixing of ADP/ATP with partially purified plasma membrane PM-ATPase of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans in the presence of five nutrients: glucose, glutamic acid, proline, lysine, and arginine and two analogs of glucose: 2-deoxy D-glucose and xylose. Average $H^+$- absorption to release ratio, indicative of population of ATPase undergoing complete hydrolytic cycle, was found to be 0.27 for control. This ratio varied between 0.25 (proline) to 0.36 (arginine) for all other compounds tested, except for glucose. In the presence of glucose, $H^+$- absorption to release ratio was exceptionally high (0.92). While no UV difference spectrum was observed with ADP, mixing of ATP with ATPase led to a large conformational change. Exposure to different nutrients restricted the magnitude of the conformational change; the analogs of glucose were found to be ineffective. This suppression was maximal in the case of glucose (80%); with other nutrients, the magnitude of suppression ranged from 40-50%. Rate of $H^+$- absorption, which is indicative of E~P complex dissociation, showed positive correlation with suppression of conformational change only in the case of glucose and no other nutrient/analog. Mode of interaction of glucose with plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase thus appears to be strikingly distinct compared to that of other nutrients/analogs tested. The results obtained lead us to propose a model for explaining glucose stimulation of plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase activity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2012

Different colloidal particles generally co-exist in the water and wastewater. Thus, there needs to identify practical electrokinetic characteristics of the particles, comparing with the case when each colloidal material is independently distributed. In this study, changes of overall zeta potential was examined through mixed dispersions of $TiO_{2}$ and $MnO_{2}$. The mixing ratios were classified into 3-type in order to distinguish the effects of the proportions of each particle from those of total concentration in colloidal suspensions. The types are single colloidal dispersions of $TiO_{2}$ and $MnO_{2}$ (1:0, 0:1), mixed dispersions at different ratios (0.75:0.25, 0.5:0.5, 0.25:0.75), and a mixed dispersion with doubled concentration (1:1), respectively. It showed that the overall variation of zeta potential as a function of pH was intensified in a colloidal dispersion with the ratio of 1:1. It was concerned that the double action of ion would contribute to this result. On the one hand, the zeta potentials of each colloidal dispersion commonly decreased at the state of strong acid and base under the influence of compression of the electric double layer. The changing patterns were also considered through calculating total interaction energy between colloidal particles based on DLVO theory and measuring turbidity of the colloidal dispersions.

• ALGAE
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2003

Effect of the effluent of the sewage and wastewater plants on the algal growth was investigated from the 19 plants located in the Nakdong river basin. Most of the samples showed high values of the algal growth potential (AGP) when they were mixed with natural river water at 20% of final concentration. At 20% of the mixing ratio, the mixed effluents of sewage and wastewater showed 3.5 and 1.8 times higher AGP than those of the natural river water. The higher AGP values are attributable to the high contents of phosphorus and ammonium in the effluent. The mixing ratio of effluents of the discharge/river flow was highest in the Kumho River (42.8%) followed by the middle of Nakdong River (22.7%), Kam Stream (13.9%), Byungsung Stream (13.3%), Yangsan Stream (7.9%), and Young River (5.4%). Comparison of the trophic state of the effluents with natural river water indicated that the effluents showed higher trophic values than natural water. Concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and conductivity in the effluents were 12.3, 4.9 and 5.3 times higher than the those found in natural river water respectively. The AGP values were highly related with the trophicity of the water especially on the concentrations of phosphate and ammonium. Toxicities of the treated sewage water, wastewater and livestock waste water tested by the luminescent bacteria, Vibrio fischerii were generally low.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Based on the trend of pluralization and globalization the collapse of national borders now is a manifestation of mixed and compromised cultures and societies. It is also emerging as a hybrid fashion in fashion. Hybrid fashion means creating a new image by mixing various cultures beyond the time and space. This study aims to analyze the current state of Chinese fashion design and present its direction by grasping the characteristics of hybrids in the works of rising Chinese fashion designers in the era of pluralization. The research method was literature review and empirical research. According to the selection criteria of new fashion designers, 6 new fashion designers of 5 fashion brands were selected and their total 458 points works were analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. First, most of the time trade-offs were 'past and present' trade-offs that express Chinese traditional culture and the image of the past with modern design. The trade-offs between 'present and future' is expressed by mixing print patterns, colors and light with fractal art. Second, spatial trade-offs was expressed in the way of expressing Chinese themes in the composition of western clothing, expressing the Western themes in oriental colors, and inspired by Japanese culture expressed by deconstructionism, Third, the gender mix mainly used dark embroidery on women's clothing, while the men's wear showed a delicate feminine charm with a surreal pattern on thin and transparent gauze fabric.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.349-370
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• 2009

The Mt. Dungjuribong Volcanic Complex located in Gurye-gun, southwest of Ryeongnam massif, composed of Cretaceous andesitic rocks and rhyolite. $SiO_2$ contents of the volcanic rocks range from 52.0 to 78.5 wt.%. The major and trace elements composition, REE patterns and tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams of volcanic rocks suggest that they are typical of continental margin arc calc-alkaline rocks produced in the subduction environment. The phenocrysts of the volcanic rocks show that they had gone in disequilibrium state, such as reversal zoning and resorbed core of plagioclase, reaction rim around pyroxene and resorbed margins of quartz, which showing the evidence of magma mixing during the evolution of magma.