• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.102-115
• /
• 1999

This study was performed to investigate transport activities and strategize improvement of 119 rescue. We reviewed emergency care records of users who were transported by 119 rescue of six agencies in Chungnam from July 13, 1998 to August 8, 1998. The results were as follows ; 1. In sex distribution of users, the male was 65.0%. And the highest age group among users was above sixties(21.6%), then thirties in second order(19.3%). Accident was 50.8% as occupied first cause of transport, and then acute disease 22.8%. The highest requester for 119 rescue call was patient's families(47.1%) and average number of 119 rescue users per day was 20.9. 2. The nonurgent state of users was 58.9%. The frequency of users was 26.0 persons at sunday in most frequently, weekend and holiday was more common than ordinary day, and most frequent weather state was cloudy(23.8 persons). 3. Total running distance of 119 ambulance was 7.0km in average. Call time by users was 20-24 hours most commonly(21.9%). In then running time by each transport stage, 8 minutes were taken from 119 call receipt to scene arrival, 13 minutes from scene arrival to hospital. The kinds of pre-hospital care by 119 rescuer was vital sign check(81.2%), wound dressing or fracture fixation(41.2%), airway maintenance and O2 supply(30.4%).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.316-327
• /
• 2000

The Emergency Core Cooling System in current nuclear power plants typically has a considerable number of complex functions and largely cumbersome operator interfaces. Functions for initiation, switch-over between various phases of operation, interlocks, monitoring, and alarming are usually performed by relays and analog comparator logic which are difficult to maintain and test. To improve problems of an analog based ECC (Emergency Core Cooling) System, the trip computer for ECCS based on Dynamic Safety System (DSS) is implemented. The DSS is a computer based reactor protection system that has fail-safe nature and performs a dynamic self-testing. The most important feature of the DSS is the introduction of test signal that send the system into a tripped state. The test signals are interleaved with the plant signals to produce an output which switches between a tripped and health state. The dynamic operation is a key feature of the failsafe design of the system. In this work, a possible implementation of the DSS using PLC is presented for a CANDU Reactor. ECC System of the CANDU Reactor is selected as the reference system.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.86-97
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to assess exposure to traumatic events, knowledge and attitudes concerning post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the level of resilience among nurses and paramedics working in emergency departments. Methods: Data were collected from May 22 to June 12, 2022, using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The participants comprised 135 nurses and 80 paramedics working in emergency departments. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, a t-test, and an analysis of variance with Scheffé's test. Results: Compared with emergency room nurses, paramedics were more positive about the government's spending on job opportunities for people with PTSD. There were no significant differences in attitude regarding government strategies and people with PTSD between nurses and paramedics. Paramedics had higher scores on the effective treatment for PTSD, while emergency room nurses showed higher scores on effective psychotherapy. General knowledge of PTSD differed according to sex (t=-2.33, p=.021) and education level (F=3.21, p=.042). Resilience scores differed significantly according to sex (t=2.02, p=.045), education level (F=4.10, p=.018), self-reported economic state (F=10.34, p<.001), and self-reported health (F=11.57, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings support that emergency department nurses and paramedics are in need of self-care programs to support their mental health and indicate that intervention programs should be developed to enhance resilience in emergency department professionals.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2023

본 논문에서는 승강기 비상통화 장치의 활용성과 안정성을 높이기 위해 상시 모니터링 환경의 서비스 체계를 구축하는 WebRTC 기반의 비상 화상통화 시스템 구조를 제시한다. 제시된 시스템은 비상상황 시 승강기 내의 비상 호출 시스템과 유지보수 담당자들 간의 원활한 통화 환경을 제공하고 대상 승강기의 모니터링을 통해 승강기 비상 호출에 대한 신속한 응답 처리를 수행하고 승강기의 물리적 공간에서 발생할 수 있는 화상통화에 필요한 제약환경을 극복하여 음성과 영상의 저지연 실시간 화상통화 서비스를 구현할 수 있는 환경을 구축하고자 한다. 이를 위해 현재 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 그 성능이 검증된 OpenAPI를 기반으로 서비스 환경을 구축하고 실시간 화상통화 및 저지연 통화 품질 제공, 그리고 신속한 메시징 방식의 비상상황 전파 방식을 통해 비상 화상통화 장치의 성능 및 활용성을 높이고자 한다. 제시된 시스템 구조는 승강기 제어반 및 다양한 장치와의 결합을 통해 다양한 기능 확장 및 신뢰성 있는 서비스 환경을 통해 승강기 시스템에 대한 지능적 모델을 구성할 수 있는 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study investigated the effect on survival rate for organophosphate intoxication patients who received trachostomy. This research was conducted to help identify appropriate treatment of patients who received a trachostomy. Methods: This research was retrospectively conducted using the medical records of 141 patients who arrived at the Chosun University Hospital emergency medical center between Jan 2007 and Dec 2010, suffering from organophosphate intoxication. They were placed in two groups including one which received trachostomy as part of their treatment and one that did not. The effect of each variable on mortality was evaluated by regressionanalysis. Results: Of 141 patients with organophosphate intoxication, 105 of them did not tracheostomy and 16 were dead cohorts (15.2%). Their size of pupil was 1mm. Factors such as amount of organophosphate ingested, PAM time after ingestion, average body temperature, arrival time, atropinization time after ingestion, AST/ALT, Bun/Cr all appeared to be significant factors in death cohorts (P<0.05). 36 patients among the total had tracheostomy and 11 ones of them were in dead cohort (30.6%) and their average age was 58 years. The facts affect the state of patients in dead cohort include the amount of intoxication which between $327.27{\pm}194.1ml$, performing intubation 686 mins after intubation, reaching to the hospital after 580mins, injecting PAM 744 mins after intoxication, injecting atropine 627 mins after intoxication. The largest cases of patient's state was found to be stupor with 14 patients (38.9%) the level of Cholinesterase in blood appeared to be significant in dead cohort as $391.00{\pm}353.9IU/L$ (P<0.05). Conclusion: Further planned studies are necessary on the use of tracheostomy for treatment of poisoning victims, especially those intoxicated by organophosphorus insecticides.

• 대한전기학회논문지
• /
• 제37권9호
• /
• pp.591-599
• /
• 1988

After the short-term dynamics due to the major disturbance are over, the power system may lead to viability crisis state wherein there is possibility of cascading damage. This paper presents an emergency control algorithm to alleviate the obstacles of system frequency or bus voltage during the viability crisis state. The algorithm considers the effects of controlling reactive power sources for load shedding and generation reallocation in order to alleviate the obstacles. The problem is decomposed into a subproblem I and a subproblem II. The former minimizes system frequency deviation from nominal value and the latter voltage violation of load buses. The optimization problem is solved by a reduced gradient technique which can handle a great number of inequality constraints more easily. It has been verified that the use of the proposed algorithm for IEEE 14 bus system alleviates the obstacles efficiently during the viability crisis.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2020

As the elderly population is becoming an aging society, the elderly are experiencing many problems. Social security costs for the elderly are increasing and the un-linked social phenomenon is emerging. Thus, the social infrastructure and welfare system established in the past economic growth period are in danger of not functioning properly. People socially isolated or with chronic diseases among the elderly are exposed to various accidents. Thus, an active healthcare management service is imperative. Additionally, in the event of a dangerous situation, the system must have ways to notify guardians (family or medical personnel) regarding appropriate action. Thus, in this paper, we propose the smartphone-based healthcare and emergency response service platform. The proposed service platform aggregates movement of relevant data in real-time using a smartphone. Based on aggregated data, it will always recognize the user's movements and current state using the human motion recognition mechanism. Thus, the proposed service platform provides real-time status monitoring, activity reports, a health calendar, location-based hospital information, emergency situation detection, and cloud messaging server-based efficient notification to several subscribers such as family, guardians, and medical personnel. Through this service, users or guardians can augment the level of care for the elderly through the reports. Also, if an emergency situation is detected, the system immediately informs guardians so as to minimize the risk through immediate response.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a pre-hospital subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) prediction tool by analyzing the extant predictive factors of patients with non-traumatic SAH who visited the hospital through the 119 emergency medical services. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed pre-hospital care reports (PCRs) and electronic medical records (EMRs) of 103 patients with non-traumatic SAH who were transported to the emergency department of two national hospitals via the 119 emergency medical service from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020. Variables required to apply the Ottawa SAH Rule and EMERALD SAH Rule, which are early prediction tools for SAH, were extracted and applied. Results: The most common symptoms-which were found in 94.1% and 97.0% of all patients according to PCRs and EMRs, respectively-appeared in the following order: headache, altered state of consciousness, and nausea/vomiting. When the variables used for the EMERALD Rule, namely systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and blood sugar test (BST), were applied, the sensitivities of EMR and PCRs were 99.9% and 92.2%, respectively. Conclusion: For the timely prediction of SAH at the pre-hospital phase, patient age and symptoms should be assessed, and SBP, DBP, and BST should be measured to transport the patient to an appropriate hospital.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.1729-1738
• /
• 2014

The offline verification of state of charge estimation, power estimation, fault diagnosis and emergency control of battery management system (BMS) is one of the key technologies in the field of electric vehicle battery system. It is difficult to test and verify the battery management system software in the early stage, especially for algorithms such as system state estimation, emergency control and so on. This article carried out the virtual environment modeling for verification of battery management system. According to the input/output parameters of battery management system, virtual environment is determined to run the battery management system. With the integration of the developed BMS model and the external model, the virtual environment model has been established for battery management system in the vehicle's working environment. Through the virtual environment model, the effectiveness of software algorithm of BMS was verified, such as battery state parameters estimation, power estimation, fault diagnosis, charge and discharge management, etc.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제43권12호
• /
• pp.1089-1096
• /
• 2015

해상 운용 헬리콥터는 비상부주를 적용하여 탑승자의 안전한 탈출을 위해 일정시간 이상 안정된 상태를 유지할 수 있어야 한다. 규정에서도 헬기가 해상에 착륙 후 승객이 탈출할 수 있는 충분한 부양시간을 요구하고 있다. 이를 위해 국내개발 헬기의 비상부주 장비는 해수면에서의 안정성 입증을 위해 "Froude Scaling" 기법을 적용하여 수조시험을 수행하였다. 시험 형상 및 조건은 헬기 하중조건과 요구되는 규격을 고려하여 설정하였다. 시험결과 요구 조건인 해상 상태 코드4와 손상조건 해상 상태 코드2에서 안전성이 있음을 확인하였다.