• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2019

Objectives : Loneliness is associated with negative mental and physical health. However, little is known about the risk factors of loneliness in the Korean elderly living alone. The aim of this study was to examine sociodemographic and social network related risks for loneliness among the elderly living alone. Methods : This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 1,091 subjects who are the community-residing elderly living alone. Sociodemographic status, medical condition, cognition, mood disorder and levels of loneliness were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and a specific semi-structured interview conducted by a trained nurse. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data regarding sociodemographic variable and loneliness. Univariate and Multivariate regression analyses were applied to examine factors associated with loneliness. Results : The mean score of loneliness was 3.8 (SD=1.7). No family contact (standardized β=0.115, p<0.001), no religious attendance (standardized β=0.057, p=0.028), no gathering with friends (standardized β=0.088, p=0.001) and high score of Short for of Geriatric Depression Scale (standardized β=0.502, p<0.001) were significantly associated with high loneliness in the elderly living alone. Conclusions : Family function, social network and depressive mood could be significant risk factors for high loneliness in the elderly living alone. Public health promotion efforts to reduce loneliness should focus on improving family function, social network and decreasing depression.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.696-706
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• 2008

With the increasing need for intelligent environment monitoring applications and the decreasing cost of manufacturing sensor devices, it is likely that a wide variety of sensor networks will be deployed in the near future. In this environment, the way to access heterogeneous sensor networks and the way to integrate various sensor data are very important. This paper proposes the common system for middleware of sensor networks (COSMOS), which provides integrated data processing over multiple heterogeneous sensor networks based on sensor network abstraction called the sensor network common interface. Specifically, this paper introduces the sensor network common interface which defines a standardized communication protocol and message formats used between the COSMOS and sensor networks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.90-102
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• 2006

In this study, it has been attempted to build up a smart, stable, and integrated Next-generation Home Network (NHN) system capable of supporting more comfortable and convenient life in the future human housing domains, and to find out which institutional tasks are required to activate the related industries. Additionally, this study aims to review a variety of technologies suggested so far in several fields including information and communications, appliance, and building maintenance. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, acceptance structure and problems of standard technologies and it suggests the political methods and policies to embody them most effectively and integrally in the future. The said certification system is called 'Standardized Certification System for Korean-style Next-generation Home Network Buildings'(abbreviated to K-NHN) as a new system created for the purpose of developing, more effectively, NHN to be introduced in the future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2002

In order to satisfy the requirements of time reduction and cost saving for development of electronic control systems(ECU) in automotive industry, the applications of a standardized real-time operating system(RTOS) and a communication protocol to ECUs are increased. In this study, a body control module(BCM) that employs OSEK/VDX(open system and corresponding interfaces for automotive electronics/vehicle distributed executive) OS tour the RTOS and a controller area network(CAN) fur the communication protocol is designed, and the performances of the system are evaluated. The BCM controls doors, mirrors, and windows of the vehicle through the in-vehicle network. To identify all the transmitted and received control messages, a PC connected with the CAN communication protocol behaves as a CAN bus emulator. The control system based upon in-vehicle network improves the system stability and reduces the number of wiring harness. Furthermore it is easy to maintain and simple to add new features because the system is designed based on the standards of RTOS and communication protocol.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.16 no.28
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• pp.181-186
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• 1993

The objective of this paper is to present a method for synthetic performance and quality evaluation of dial up network modem in users place. In the past, universally recognized criteria have not been available to model switched network modem performance. Reasonable assurance of modem performance on the public switched telephone network by standardized test channel which is suggested by ELA(Electronic Industries Association). These tests of modem from a variety manufacturers more reflective of actual performance on the network.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.118-121
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• 1998

Standardized representations and data codes are crucial for the exchange of information between systems, organizations, and people in the telecommunications operations area. ITU-T M.1400 recommends a unified representation for the international network routes which includes such location data elements as Town A, Suffix Code which was designed for the representation of domestic network locations to meet the ITU-T recommendation. This paper suggests an expanded building ID code for the representation of the international network locations.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2010

The major worldwide communication network operators have designed and are building up the NGN with various network capabilities, which conventional Internet do not have. The open network service model makes these network capabilities available to the third party of the value added service providers through the standardized API providing users with more intelligent and enhanced services. This paper proposes the open network service model as NaaS (Network as a Service) and examines service models of several levels. It is believed that these efforts presented in this paper will make the network operators expand their service ranges through the opening of invested network resources producing more various communication services for users.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.289-296
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• 2022

In this paper, we developed a deep learning-based recyclable object detection model. The model is developed based on YOLOv5 that is a one-stage detector. The deep learning model detects and classifies the recyclable object into 7 categories: paper, carton, can, glass, pet, plastic, and vinyl. We propose two methods for recyclable object detection models to solve problems during training. Bounding Box CutMix solved the no-objects training images problem of Mosaic, a data augmentation used in YOLOv5. Standardized Distance-based IoU replaced DIoU using a normalization factor that is not affected by the center point distance of the bounding boxes. The recyclable object detection model showed a final mAP performance of 0.91978 with Bounding Box CutMix and 0.91149 with Standardized Distance-based IoU.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.202-212
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• 2012

Due to the deterioration of water supply network and the deficiency of raw water, the water utility of local governments have performed various projects to improve their revenue water ratio. However, it is very difficult to estimate the cost for maintaining the revenue water ratio at higher level after completing the project, because local governments have different conditions affecting the operating and maintenance cost of water supply network. The purpose of this study is to present a procedure to estimate the operating and maintenance cost required to maintain the target revenue water ratio of the water supply network. For this purpose, we estimated the cost used only for operation and maintenance of water supply network of 164 local governments with the aid of K-Mean Clustering Analysis and the data from 40 representative local governments. Then, the regression analysis was performed to find relationship between revenue water ratio and the operating and maintenance cost with two different data sets generated by two classification methods; the first method classifies the local governments by means of k-means clustering, and the other classifies the local governments according to the index standardized by the operating and maintenance cost per unit length of water mains per revenue water ratio. The results shows that the method based on the index standardized by the cost and revenue water ratio of each government produces more reliable results for finding regression equations between revenue water ratio and the operating and maintenance cost only for water supply network. The estimated regression equations for each group can be used to estimate the cost required to keep the target revenue water ratio of the local government.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.893-895
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• 2012

The rapid spread of Internet and network technology advances the current USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) in order to realize research is taking place. USN individual sensor information of the sensor nodes to provide the service is equipped with various kinds of sensors. To do this, you can use a service unspecified XML-based Web services to leverage in the standardized data representation language is needed. In this paper, the required sensor information expressed in a standardized form for USN application service was designed in the sensor data representation language. The USN-based technologies and services in the field will be utilized to activate.