• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.767-780
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• 2009

This study investigates the standard, duration period and excess mortality of extreme heat using the standardized daily mortality data from 1991 to 2004, establishing a standard threshold Criteria for Heat Health Watch Warning System in Korea. It ultimately aims to provide the guidance in building up Heat Health Watch Warning System for Korea by suggesting the standard to quantify thermal stress from heat. The standard threshold Criteria for Heat Health Watch Warning System for Seoul metropolitan city takes into account both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum heat index(HI) and consists of four phases; caution, extreme caution, danger, and extreme danger. Extreme caution phase and danger phase are used as the advisory and warning of extreme heat, respectively. Since the nationwide distribution of the frequency of extreme heat day and the excess mortality rate shows little difference across regions, the standard threshold Criteria for Heat Health Watch Warning System for Seoul metropolitan city can be used for other regions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.781-796
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• 2009

The current standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System consider both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum heat index(HI), but current standard could not consider daily maximum HI due to the difficulties in forecasting when we consider both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum HI and no considering HI because relative humidity could not observed for some regions. So, Newly established standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System is based on daily maximum temperature exceeding $30^{\circ}C$ for two consecutive days or daily minimum temperature exceeding $25^{\circ}C$ and daily maximum temperature exceeding $30^{\circ}C$. These days are called "extreme heat days". On extreme heat days, the standard of extreme heat advisory is based on daily maximum temperature among exceeding $32.7^{\circ}C$ and not exceeding $34.8^{\circ}C$, and extreme heat warning is based on daily maximum temperature exceeding $34.8^{\circ}C$. ANOVA analysis was carried out using the data of Seoul Metropolitan City in 1994 to check the robustness of the new standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System from this study, in particular for mortality variable. The results reveal that the new standard specifies excess mortality well, showing significance level of 0.05 in the difference of excess mortality for each phase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2008

Automated rainfall warning system is a facility to prevent casualties who were recreating in the down stream region with operating lead broadcasting or signaling warning automatically when torrential rainfall occurs in mountainous area. But standard of conventional warning does not consider the characteristics of basin, and warning signal. Evacuation signal 1 and evacuation signal 2 are uniformly signaled when the 10minute moving total of observed rainfall is higher than 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm respectively. therefore, local governments and relative agencies had re-established the standard of warning by analyzing the risk water level, critical discharge and reference rainfall, which are considering the characteristics of basin. In this study the standard of conventional and re-established warning of weolseong basin, which is available to acquire a real rainfall. There are analyzed by considering the risk water level, critcal discharge and reference rainfall. Also this study compares rainfall of conventional and re-established warning standard and indentifies problems by analyzing adequacy of rainfall estimation for warning and proposes alternative. The standard of conventional warning which investigates with the converted rainfall(unit of a minute) issued too many alarm. The re-established standard upward has the necessity which will be regulated about the alarm announcement number of times. Considers the safety, upward regulation of alarm standard rainfall is a necessity which will be prudent.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2022

Currently, the operation rule of agricultural reservoirs in case of drought events follows the drought forecast warning standard of agricultural water supply. However, it is difficult to preemptively manage drought in individual reservoirs because drought forecasting standards are set according to average reservoir storage ratio such as 70%, 60%, 50%, and 40%. The equal standards based on average water level across the country could not reflect the actual drought situation in the region. In this study, we proposed the improvement of drought operation rule for agricultural reservoirs based on the percentile approach using past water level of each reservoir. The percentile approach is applied to monitor drought conditions and determine drought criteria in the U.S. Drought Monitoring (USDM). We applied the drought operation rule to reservoir storage rate in extreme 2017 spring drought year, the one of the most climatologically driest spring seasons over the 1961-2021 period of record. We counted frequency of each drought criteria which are existing and developed operation rules to compare drought operation rule determining the actual drought conditions during 2016-2017. As a result of comparing the current standard and the percentile standard with SPI6, the percentile standard showed severe-level when SPI6 showed severe drought condition, but the current standard fell short of the results. Results can be used to improve the drought operation criteria of drought events that better reflects the actual drought conditions in agricultural reservoirs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.251-257
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• 2015

Intrusion protection system is a security system that stop abnormal traffics through automatic activity by finding out attack signatures in network. Unlike firewall or intrusion detection system that defends passively, it is a solution that stop the intrusion before intrusion warning. The security performance of intrusion protection system is influenced by security auditability, user data protection, security athentication, etc., and performance is influenced by detection time, throughput, attack prevention performance, etc. In this paper, we constructed a convergence performance evaluation model about software product evaluation to construct the model for security performance evaluation of intrusion protection system based on CC(Common Criteria : ISO/IEC 15408) and ISO international standard about software product evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

Concentrated localized torrential rains due to global warming and climate change have resulted in much water damage each year. GIS is used as a tool for predicting the peak-outflows caused by these regional torrential rains in mountainous rivers. However, the research of the resolution of the data is limited, and most of approaches are about hydrological geographic. This paper estimates the flood discharge needed for decision of standard rainfall of automatic rainfall warning system by using GIS with GcIUH model, and establishes the criteria of flash flood warning. It also has analyzed the terrain in river basin, extracted the morphological characteristics parameters of water shed such as stream width, channel slope, channel length, shape factor, and GcIUH parameters, and analyzed the relationship between them.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.47-55
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• 2018

Currently in the drought evaluation, which is a supplier-oriented standard that applies storage rates of reservoirs, evaluation for users that use agricultural water is not done. Therefore, this study established drought evaluation items for drought evaluation based on farmers' judgement, conducted a survey on farmers and experts, compared and analyzed weighted value between two groups, and then classified the evaluation standards per each evaluation item. The agricultural drought evaluation items are 5 major items of water supply lapse rate, agricultural weather, agricultural irrigation facility, crop and soil, and 12 subsections for regional characteristics and opinions of consumers that use water to be reflected. The result of analyzing weighted value of farmers and experts' major items shows that farmers is agricultural irrigation facility(0.219), water supply lapse rate(0.211), agricultural weather(0.204), crop(0.183) and soil(0.183). Experts is agricultural weather(0.297), agricultural irrigation facility(0.202), water supply lapse rate(0.189), crop(0.162) and soil(0.150), which displays difference between the two groups. The agricultural drought criteria standards are established based on precedent studies and cases, and grades of evaluation items are 1st grade(extreme stage), 2nd grade(warning stage), 3rd grade(alert stage) and 4th grade(attention stage). The above analysis per each consumer-oriented agricultural drought evaluation item and the analysis on the standards of evaluation grades are expected to be used as a basic resource for establishing agriculture drought policy and selecting drought area in the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.261-272
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• 2023

In recent years, natural disasters such as heavy rainfall and typhoons have occurred more frequently, and their severity has increased due to climate change. The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) currently uses the same criteria for all regions in Korea for watch and warning based on the maximum cumulative rainfall with durations of 3-hour and 12-hour to reduce damage. However, KMA's criteria do not consider the regional characteristics of damages caused by heavy rainfall and typhoon events. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new criteria considering regional characteristics of damage and cumulative rainfalls in durations, establishing four stages: blue, yellow, orange, and red. A classification model, called DSCM (Disaster Severity Classification Model), for the four-stage disaster severity was developed using four machine learning models (Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and XGBoost). This study applied DSCM to local governments of Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province province. To develop DSCM, we used data on rainfall, cumulative rainfall, maximum rainfalls for durations of 3-hour and 12-hour, and antecedent rainfall as independent variables, and a 4-class damage scale for heavy rain damage and typhoon damage for each local government as dependent variables. As a result, the Decision Tree model had the highest accuracy with an F1-Score of 0.56. We believe that this developed DSCM can help identify disaster risk at each stage and contribute to reducing damage through efficient disaster management for local governments based on specific events.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2002

Cut-slope due to the road construction is one of the most significant problems in the domestic case, that is, 70% of the land is covered by mountain. Moreover, typhoons or heavy rains concentrated in summer season causes the failure of cut-slope. Rock-fall and soil slope failure take 40.8% and 29.5% out of the entire domestic cut-slope failure, respectively. Rock-fall is quickly occurred by the free fall or rolling of rock fragments generally in the upper slope. Soil slope failure produces a clastics-flow and increases casualty especially when caused by heave rainfall because the velocity of the movement is verb high. Considering the car speed and rock-fall velocity, it will take a life in a moment. This study analyzes a set of field data of most recently collapsed domestic road cut-slopes to characterize these cut-slopes and the nature of rock-falls and clastics flows at each site. Based on the results, design criteria for a road alarm system are proposed, considering the relationship between the time required for clastics-flow and the velocity and braking distance of a cat at the incidence. The road alarm system proposed herein would operate instantly after a rock-fall and it will minimize damages, by warning drivels approaching to the collapse or collapsing location in advance.