• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2014

In the past, making IR photography needed somewhat complicated process, so its application fields were limited. However, it has become easy to make IR photography with advanced digital technology, so it is expected that the fields of IR photography and existing limit due to difficult making process will be expanded. Therefore, in this study, it is decided that the need of IR standard chart which allows us to manage exposure and tone of IR photography for scientific purpose will increase. Two methods were used to make IR standard chart. First method is to use aluminum. When aluminum has oxide coating through anodic oxidation, it has high durability, corrosion resistance and heat resistance. Also, IR reflectance of aluminum can be controlled in some degree depending on the thickness of oxide coating. Second method is to use pigments. Yellow 10P150 pigment is used for the brightest patch. This pigment is appropriate in this study due to high heat resistance and IR reflectance. Carbon black is used for the darkest patch. Carbon black absorbs much IR, and its color is not faded by any source of light. IR reflectance is adjusted elaborately by mixing two pigments. Finally, 6 patches are selected with consideration for actual IR reflectance of patches. As a result, IR reflectance of random subjects can be known approximately and IR photographs can have appropriate contrast with the IR standard chart.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.539-553
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• 1996

The study was conducted from May to September in 1994 to investigate applicability of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening version(HHIE-S) in parallel with the pure-tone audiometer to the initial screening test of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) in some noise-exposed workers. Subjects were selected by systemic sampling that took every 10th person from 6, 700 workers taking the annual occupational health examination by the department of Health Maintenance of Dongsan Hospital Keimyung University in Taegu. The authors administered the pure-tone audiometric test and self-reported questionnaire of HHIE-S including items of sociodemographic and job-related variables concurrently. The final subjects analysed were 1,019(488 males and 531 females) excluding fourteen persons who had many missing values in their questionnaires. The reliability coefficients of HHIE-S scale by Cronbach's alpha were 0.84. In the univariate analysis of hearing handicap measured by the HHIE-S, work duration, military service and the hearing threshold loss at 1KHz and 4KHz by the initial audiometer were significant in males while age, work duration and hearing threshold loss at 1KHz and 4KHz were significant in females. In the stepwise linear regression analysis, hearing threshold loss at 1KHz and 4KHz, was the only selected variable explaining the hearing handicap in males and hearing threshold loss at 1KHz and 4KHz, age, and work duration were selected in females. In ROC curves for HHIE-S scores against NIHL as gold standard which was defined by the follow-up audiogram as more than 30dB of the average of 0.5/1/2KHz and 50dB at 4KHz, the optimal cutoff for the parallel HHIE-S appeared to be 8. The results suggest that HHIE-S appeared to have some reliability and validity in this data and might be used in screening NIHL in parallel with pure-tone audiometer in noise-exposed workers.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.225-232
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• 2009

In this paper, a new face detection method based on pupil color distribution maps with the frequency under the illumination variance is proposed. Face-like regions are first extracted by applying skin color distribution maps to a color image and then, they are reduced by using the standard deviation of chrominance components. In order to search for eye candidates effectively, the proposed method extracts eye-like regions from face-like regions by using pupil color distribution maps. Furthermore, the proposed method is able to detect eyes very well by segmenting the eye-like regions, based on a lighting compensation technique and a segmentation algorithm even though face regions are changed into dark-tone due to varying illumination conditions. Eye candidates are then detected by means of template matching method. Finally, face regions are detected by using the evaluation values of two eye candidates and a mouth. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a high performance.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.157-163
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• 2014

User's sensitivity is recognized as a very important parameter for communication between company, government and personnel. Especially in many studies, researchers use voice tone, voice speed, facial expression, moving direction and speed of body, and gestures to recognize the sensitivity. Multiplex modality is more precise than single modality however it has limited recognition rate and overload of data processing according to multi-sensing also an excellent algorithm is needed to deduce the sensing value. That is as each modality has different concept and property, errors might be happened to convert the human sensibility to standard values. To deal with this matter, the sensibility expression modality is needed to be extracted using technologies like analyzing of relational network, understanding of context and digital filter from multiplex modality. In specific situation to recognize the sensibility if the priority modality and other surrounding modalities are processed to implicit values, a robust system can be composed in comparison to the consuming of computer resource. As a result of this paper, it is proposed how to assign the weight of multiplex modality using implicit data.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

During adolescence the mutational period is characterized by the changes in the laryngeal structure, the length of the vocal cords, and a tone of voice. Usually, adolescents at 15 or 16 reach the voice of adults but the mutational period is sometimes delayed. Therefore, studies on the voice of adolescents between 16 ~ 18 right after the mutational period are required. Accordingly, this paper attempted to provide basic data about the normal standard for patients with voice disorders during this period by evaluating the vocal characteristics of males and females between 16 ~ 18 with an objective device bycomparing and analyzing them by sex and age. The study was conducted on a total of 60 subjects composed of each 10 subjects of each age. The vocal analysis was conducted by MPT (Maximum Phonation Time) measurement, sustained vowels and sentence reading. As for /a/ sustained vowels, fundamental frequency, hereinafter referred to as $F_0$, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, hereinafter referred to as NHR were measured by using the Multi-dimensional voice program (MDVP) among the Multi-Speech program of Computerized Speech Lab (Kay Elemetrics). The sentence reading, mean $F_0$, maximum $F_0$ and minimum $F_0$ were measured using the Real-Time Pitch (RTP) Model 5121 among the Multi-Speech program of Computerized Speech Lab (Kay Elemetrics). As a result, according to sex, there were statistically significant differences in $F_0$, jitter, shimmer, mean $F_0$, maximum $F_0$, and minimum $F_0$; and according to age, there were statistically significant differences in MPT. In conclusion, the voice of the adolescents between 16 ~ 18 reached the maturity levels of adults but the voice quality which can be considered on the scale of voice disorders showed transition to the voice of an adult during the mutational period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1038-1049
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• 2009

A hat is an important fashion accessory item for a total fashion coordination and the number of millineries is increasing in the current accessory market. This research provides basic information about the millinery in relation to consumer consumption behavior, preference, and satisfaction with hat products. A survey was conducted among 395 individuals age 20 and over who were quota sampled according to age and gender to investigate the differences between genders and different age groups. The collected data were statistically treated with the SPSS 12.0 program in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard error, cross tabulation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and a Duncan-test. The results are as follows: 1. Respondents wear hats for ornamental purposes regardless of the season. They discard hats when they become out of style 2 to 3 years after the purchase. 2. In general, consumers prefer the baseball cap design among various hat product categories. Achromatic colors were the favorite color tone and the preferred material was woven cloth. 3. Consumers were most satisfied with colors and most dissatisfied with deformation after laundering. 4. There was a significant difference in preferences among the different age groups. Younger consumers were more concerned about individual image and style. Older consumers considered hats as a functional means such as protecting themselves from the sun. 5. There was a significant gender difference. Compared to males, female consumers were more concerned about the quality of sewing and colorfastness than male consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.984-999
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• 2013

This research examines the interrelation of clothes, colors and sentiments based on clothes and colors that stimulate sentiment. This study provides data that is useful to color therapy by means of clothes as medium. The survey for this study targeted 200 Pusan National University students who analyzed the colors of association and clothes colors for nine positive vocabularies (passion, love, warmth, happiness, interest, softness, comfortable, freshness, and coolness) and six negative vocabularies (anger, fear, despair, nervous, gloomy, and loneliness). The data collection process used 120 standard colors as represented by Munsell's basic 10 colors (R, YR, Y, GY, G, BG, B, PB, P, RP) as chromatic colors classified into eleven tones of colors (V, S, B, P, VP, LGR, GR, L, DL, DP, DK) and achromatic colors divided into ten steps of brightness N1-N10. The results of the research are as follows. First, the warm class of colors were significant in the colors of association with positive sentiment and the cold class of colors were significant in the sentiment of refreshment and coolness. In addition, bright and clear colors (like V, S, VP, P) were associated with color tones. Second, the low bright achromatic colors were generally high for the colors of association with negative sentiment; in addition, the color of R, PB, P (as achromatic colors) were also significant. In addition, sober and dark tones (like GR, DL, DK, DP) were significant in color tones. Third, the interrelation between positive sentiment and clothes colors shows that colors of association were mainly used for upper garment colors. Similar colors against upper garments were used together for bottom garment achromatic colors and complementary colors; therefore, bottom garments play a subsidiary role in the concept of coordination with upper garments.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This study was aimed at giving help to the people intending to change their own hair color design and also providing the guide line to the cosmetic circles for developing new hair color design and promoting sales by statistically analyzing seasonal changes of hair colors puplished on women's magazines(Vogue Korea, Estetica Korea, Woman Chosun, Ce.ci) from 2003 to 2006. The researching methods were as follows; (1) hair colors published on women's magazines from september 2003 to August 2006 were measured by N.C.S. color reader(4 magazines $\times$10 main hair colors/magazine $\times$ 12 months $\times$ 3 years = 1,440 colors). (2) N.C.S. tone is made of percentage, so measured values and chromas were statistically analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and seasonal deferences were statistically analyzed by t-test and specified on high significant values. But hues were not made of percentage, so these were statistically analyzed by cross tabulation analysis, $x^2$ -test and specified on high significant values. These all had been analyzed by SPSS program(ver. 11.0). The results were as follows; (1) Usually seasonal changes of hair values were significant, specially in foreign licensed magazines, and bright values appeared in S/S and dark values in F/W. (2) Seasonal changes of hair hues were significant only on foreign women's magazines. Therefore seasonal changes of korean hair colors were not significant compared by foreign hair colors because of hardness of color changes of dark black hair and hair damages by hair tints and bleaches and trends of well being and hair care. But hair color changes have been developed gradually and will developed furthermore. So korean hair cosmetic circles have to present hair color trends deferenciated by seasons. And S/S hair values have to be brignt and F/W have to be dark. And new seasonal hair hues matched by korean have to be developed and presented.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.12
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• pp.1679-1690
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• 2002

This paper, describe about a generation of a syllable restoration regulation for a post processing of a speech recognition and a decrease of a restoration candidate. It created a syllable restoration regulation to create a restoration candidate pronounced with phonetic value recognized through a post processing of the formula system that was a tone to recognize syllable unit phonetic value for a performance enhancement of a dialogue serial speech recognition. Also, I presented a plan to remove a regulation to create unused notation from a real life in a restoration regulation with a plan to reduce number candidate of a restoration meeting. A design implemented a restoration candidate set generator in order a syllable restoration regulation display that it created a proper restoration candidate set. The proper notation meeting that as a result of having proved about a standard pronunciation example and a word extracted from a pronunciation dictionary at random, the notation that an utterance was former was included in proved with what a generation became.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2830-2839
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• 2011

Because the puretone audiometer is an important medical instrument used to diagnose hearing loss, the IEC and ANSI has been published a specification with which audiometer should comply. This paper describes development of Linux based real-time spectrum analyzer which is dedicated to puretone audiometer. It can measure not only hearing level but also compliance of IEC standard for puretone audiometer such as frequency accuracy, harmonic distortion, pulsed tone, narrow band noise and linearity. We have verified our real-time spectrum analyzer through comparing to commercial product.