• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.9 no.4 s.37
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• pp.7-12
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• 2006

Flow meters in partly filled pipes are set up and run in Korea nowadays, but there are no standard calibration procedures for the flow meters in accordance with ' ISO/IEC 17025. The standard calibration procedure based on the standard calibration procedures for flow meter in closed conduits and the technical notes of flow meter's makers ' is developed. The measurement uncertainty of the calibration for the flow meter in partly filled pipes is evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2018

The present study compares flow fields reconstructed by data assimilation method with different combinations of parameters. As a data assimilation method, Vortex-in-Cell-sharp (VIC#), which supplements additional constraints and multigrid approximation to Vortex-in-Cell-plus (VIC+), is used to reconstruct flow fields from scattered particle tracks. Two parameters, standard deviation of Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) and grid spacing, are mainly tested using artificial data sets which contain few particle tracks. Consequent flow fields are analyzed in terms of flow structure sizes. It is demonstrated that sizes of the flow structures are proportional to an actual scale of the standard deviation of RBF. It implies that a combination of larger grid spacing and smaller standard deviation which preserves the actual standard deviation is able to save computational resources in case of a low track density. In addition, a simple comparison using an experimental data filled with dense particle tracks is conducted.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.381-391
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• 2020

This study aimed to develop reference materials (RMs) for mortar that can simulate the initial flow characteristics with constant quality over a long period. Through the previous research on the development of RMs for cement paste, the combination of limestone, glycerol, and water was used as the basic matrix for developing RMs for mortar in this study. In addition, glass beads of three particle sizes (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm) and ISO standard sand were selected as tentative candidates to derive fine aggregate substitutes. The mixture of glass beads could simulate the initial flow characteristics of mortar, but under the same mixing ratio, replicates showed an unstable tendency to indicate inconsistent values due to the generation of electrostatic properties between materials and equipment. On the other hand, the mixture using ISO standard Sand not only simulates the constant flow characteristics for a long period of time, but also shows stable results with little error in replicates. Therefore, limestone, glycerol, ISO standard sand, and water were finally determined as components that met the required properties of RMs for mortar. The effect of each component on the flow characteristics of RMs was analyzed. It was found that glycerol increased the cohesion between the particles of standard sand, resulting in a constant increase both in the plastic viscosity and yield stress. Both limestone and standard sand had a dominant effect on the yield stress. The relationships between various mortar mixing ratios and the corresponding mixing ratios of RMs were established. In addition, the results of the verification experiment showed that the rheological properties of the RMs obtained through the relationships correlated with various water/cement ratios and the fine aggregate volume fractions of mortar obtained with same manner. In other words, the RMs for mortar developed in this study can be used as standard samples because they can simulate the initial flow characteristics of mortar of various mixing ratios for a long period without any chemical changes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.12 s.255
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2006

Light Oil Flow Standard System(LOFSS) in Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS) was designed for oil flowmeter calibration. In order to extend the flow range from 120 $m^3/h$ to 200 $m^3/h$, the build-up technique was applied with two positive displacement flowmeters as master flowmeter. The master flowmeters were calibrated against with LOFSS, which has 0.04 % uncertainty of flow quantity determination, then the test flowmeter is calibrated against two master flowmeters. For uncertainty analysis, the repeatability of master flowmeters, the variation of the fluid density and the pipe volume due to temperature change were scrutinized. The contribution of each uncertainty factors to the calibrator and the correlation of each factors were discussed. For investigating the feasibility of uncertainty analysis, a turbine flowmeter as a transfer package was tested with LOFSS and two reference flowmeter. The hypothesis test for both results was coincide with a 95 % significant level. This means that the uncertainty analysis procedure of the calibrator is reasonable and the extension of flow range with master meters was carry out successfully.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.161-169
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• 2012

Recently various attempts have been made to apply HSPF model to calculate runoff and diffuse pollution loads of stream and reservoir watersheds. Because the role of standard flow is very important in the water quality modelling of Total Water Pollution Load Management, HSPF was used as a means of estimating standard flow. In this study, BASINS 4.0 and WinHSPF was applied to the Gomakwoncheon watershed, genetic algorithm(GA) and influence coefficient algorithm were used to calibrate the runoff parameters of the WinHSPF. The objective function is the sum of the squares of the normalized residuals of the observed and calculated flow and it is optimized using GA. Estimates of the optimum runoff parameters are made at each iteration of the influence coefficient algorithm. The calibration results showed a relatively good correspondence between the observed and the calculated values. The standard flow(Q275) of the Gomakwoncheon watershed was estimated using the ten years of weather data.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.684-691
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• 2022

Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles are typically refueled at a wide range of temperatures (-40℃ to 85℃) in the hydrogen refueling station in accordance with the worldwide accepted standard. Currently, there is no traceable method by which to verify and calibrate the hydrogen flowmeters to be used at hydrogen refueling stations except for a water calibration process as a conventional method. KRISS hydrogen field test standard based on the gravimetric principle was developed to verify the measurement accuracy of the mass flowmeter to be used at hydrogen refueling stations for the first time in Korea.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.3272-3281
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• 1996

The flow analysis method which had been developed for the numerical calculation of 3-dimensional, incompressible and turbulent flow within an axial compressor was extended to the flow field within centrifugal impeller. In this method based on the SIMPLE(Semi Implicit Method Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm, the coordinate transformation was adopted and the standard k-.epsilon. model using wall function was used for turbulent flow analysis. The calculated flow fields have agreed very well with measurement results. Especially, 3-dimensional and viscous flow characteristics including secondary flows, jet-wake flow and decreased pressure rise along impeller passage, which can't be predicted by inviscid Q3D calculation were predicted very reasonably.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2021

It is essential to accurately predict the change in water level, velocity, and flow rate for each passage of the grit chamber according to the operating conditions of the pump. In this study, VOF multiphase flow analysis was performed, and the flow characteristics of the grit chamber were predicted. As a result of simulations, the sedimentation phenomenon after the entrance of the grit chamber channel is expected to occur on the side walls. When 6 channels are used, the average speed of the channels is about 52% of the design standard, and when 4 channels are used, the value increases to 74% of the design standard. The average water level in the channels tends to decrease as the flow velocity increases, and the water level in the absorption well with a larger flow rate is maintained lower than that in the absorption well with a smaller flow rate.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.855-865
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• 2001

The optimization condition of injection molding for a commercial product of TV speaker grille of A Company was induced using a CAE software of Moldflow. The flow and packing phase analysis was performed by using flow balance, runner balance, and the intermediate one by using the above two balances, which were used for controlling the amount of packing resins into the cavity, Later, the analysis performed by using the measured viscosity (local database) at various shear rates and the results were compared with the computer simulation using the standard database. Flow balance induced minimized weld line resulted in a better appearance and physical properties of the were line, but exhibited a disadvantage of large deformation and gas formation due to over-packing of the molten resin in the center of the speaker grille. Runner balance improved the disadvantage of the flow balance by controlling the amount of molten resin injected from the gate, however resulted reduced mechanical properties and poor appearance of the weld line. However, the modified method induced from the flow and runner balance improved the disadvantages by changing the runner size. In addition, the analyses based on the local database and the standard database were compared. Although the measured viscosity was slightly higher and the temperature distribution was broader than the standard database, no distinct difference was obtained from the analysis using the two different databases.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

A standard air flow generator system was developed to generate air flows of various levels simultaneously applied to two different air flow transducer modules. Axes of two identical standard syringes for spirometer calibration were connected with each other and driven by a servo-motor. Linear displacement transducer was also connected to the syringe axis to accurately acquire the volume change signal. The user can select either sinusoidal or square waveform of volume change and manually input any volume as well as maximal flow rate levels ranging 0~3 l and 0~15 l/s, respectively. Various volume and flow levels were input to operate the system, then the volume signal was acquired followed by numerical differentiation to obtain the air flow signal. The measured volumes and maximal air flow rates were compared with the user input data. The relative errors between the user-input and the measured stroke volumes were all within 0.5%, demonstrating very accurate driving of the system. In case of the maximal flow rate, relatively large error was observed when the syringe was driven very fast within a very short time duration. However, except for these few data, most measured flow rates revealed relative errors of approximately 2%. When the measure and user-input stroke volume and maximal flow rate data were analyzed by linear regression analysis, respectively, the correlation coefficients were satisfactorily higher than 0.99 (p < 0.0001). These results demonstrate that the servo-motor controls the syringes with enough accuracy to generate standard air flows. Therefore, the present system would be very much practical for calibration process as well as performance evaluation and comparison of two different air flow transducer modules.