• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.4
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• pp.1-28
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• 2000

CALS(Commerce At Light Speed)/EC(Electronic Commerce) is drawing considerable interest as strategic part of efforts for computerization of the government and companies and for industry-wide innovation, using Internet and information superhighway that is widely expanding world-wide with the development of computers and information communication technology. In the current industry infrastructure, standardization is difficult but very important among the parties that want to share the added value, as external environmental components increase since the advent of computers. However, information security technology is not permitted to be exported in light of national interest or high amount of royalty should be paid. Moreover, if we cannot fully analyze the international standard and imported technology in order to verify the safety of using them, domestic information can be exposed according to the desire of the country exporting the technology. In particular, information security technology should be developed by ourselves, considering technology Protection and export Prevention Policies of foreign countries. Therefore, this paper presents information security technology and standardization trends for several application fields regarding CALS/EC implementation in our and foreign countries. This paper also analyzes such trends and proposes strategic direction for standardization suited for domestic environment.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.238-247
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between nurslng students' self-differentiation, their stress level and stress coping strategies. And following research questions were established. First, what is the difference of the stress level depending on the self-differentiation? Second, what is the difference of stress coping strategies in accordance with the self-differentiation? Participants for this study were 159 students selected from the 1st grades of G University, located in Incheon Metropolitan city. SPSS 10.0 statistic program was taken for drawing its frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation. And t-test, F-test, correlation and multiple regression were conducted. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mean score for the level of self- differentiation, level of stress, level of stress coping strategies were 3.59, 2.50, 3.35. 2. The relationship between self-differentiation and stress level revealed a negative significant correlation 3. The relationship between self-differentiation and stress coping strategies revealed a no significant correlation. 4. The relationship between stress level and stress coping strategies revealed a no significant correlation. Conclusion: The results of investigating the variation differences depending on stress level, self-differentiation, and stress coping strategies were revealed self-differentiation and stress coping strategies explained stress level by 28.6%.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 1988

The purpose of the present study was to test the behavior of dietary life, the preception of body image and the attitude of body weight control of the subjects, and to imagine difference of value evaluation about thirteen foods. the subjects were 570 high school students who were living in Seoul. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. In selecting actual and ideal body sizes from a series of five outline drawings of female figures that ranged form 20% underweight to 20% overweight, 64% of the subjects selected overweight drawing s as their actual sizes, and 85.1% of the subjects selected underweight ones as the ideal sizes. 59.3% of the subjects had a desire to lose weight, 20.8% to gain weight. Those who think they are thinner than standard body weight were more satisfied with their body sizes than those who think they are fatter than that. Most subjects (79.8%) were concerned about their weight control, and the majority of them (36.1%) began to take concerns about it in their high school days, through the conversation with their friends about their body sizes. 2. In this study, thirteen foods were chosen as samples; rice, bread, salad, milk, cola, cider, juice, duck-bok-ki, chocolate, batterfriend foods, chinese noodles, cookies, fruits. Most of them evaluated foods on the basis of the taste. They valued fruits over any other foods as least fattened food, while they thought of such foods as rice, cola, cider, ice-cream, chocolate, batter-fried food, chinese noodles as fattened foods.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2004

In this paper, the all units of residential housing that is not legislated in facility development law are analyzed and foreign design criteria that is related to barrier-free unit housing is comparing to domestic. Through the comparison in front door, living room, bathroom, bedroom, and kitchen, this paper aims to suggest internal barrier-free design criteria. This paper is limited to internal housing which are front door, living room, bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen. Also, the objectives of facility development law are U.S, Japan, German, and in case of U.S, UFAS is established by ADA, in Japan, Heart Building law and detail standard drawing are used, in German, DIN is used. The objective of domestic case study is the latest residential housings that are built over 2003. The flow of study is as follows ; First, the internal items of residential housing are abstracted, and each item is checked in facility development law that is legislated in. Next, through comparison of domestic and foreign facility development law related to housing, common items are abstracted and detail standards are defined. Domestic residential housings are analyzed in those standards. Finally, the problems that is the result of analysis are analyzed and the barrier free design criteria is abstracted in unit housing. Also, more developed items and future study are suggested.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.35.1-35.17
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• 2020

Epoxy resin-based sealers are currently widely used, and several studies have considered AH Plus to be the gold-standard sealer. However, it still has limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Drawing upon the advantages of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium silicate-based sealers were introduced with high levels of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Because of the hydrophilic environment in root canals, water resorption and solubility of root canal sealers are important factors contributing to their stability. Sealers displaying lower microleakage and stronger push-out bond strength are also needed to endure the dynamic tooth environment. Although the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers meet International Organization for Standardization recommendations, and they have consistently reported to be biocompatible, they have not overcome conventional resin-based sealers in actual practice. Therefore, further studies aiming to improve the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers are needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4108-4114
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• 2010

The automation of the machining and manufacturing process of press die is designed to shorten the working time by avoiding unnecessary repetitive works and to obtain subject articles with standard quality. Automation as used in this paper includes 3-D die design, machining center, wire-cut electrical discharge machining, and drawing works. This paper deals with research work on the automation of the machining and manufacturing process of the press die after 3-D die design using the Irp bracket for the control box sensor. The research was conducted under the same setting as that of die design.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.179-196
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• 2019

Temporary scaffold systems in the construction site play an important role for ensuring the safety of the workers and for constructing the stable structures. To assemble the scaffold, the pipe scaffolding system, the wedge binding scaffolding system and the particular materials have been utilized. To design the material arrangement of a scaffold, firstly the configuration was determined considering the construction geometry. Then, the strength of the scaffold was confirmed and the quantity of the material was accounted. In this paper, the design method of the temporary scaffold was proposed for intending the semi-automatic procedure. In the proposed design method, the geometric design and the safety requirement were specified by the safety standard and the design flow was followed by the designer's knowledge. The size and the quantities of the materials were calculated by referring to the relation between the scaffold and the constructing structure. In the calculating procedure, three dimensional positions of each scaffold materials were calculated and recorded simultaneously. Then, three dimensional scaffold structural was drawn semi-automatically on the CAD software by using the obtained material sizes, positions and directions. The proposed design method provides us the precise quantities of scaffold materials and enables us to reduce the design effort and the cost estimation processes. In addition, the obtained results can be applied to BIM software after converting to IFC format.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine how to visualize classic makeup through Korean visual language in old literature. It provides consumers with creativity to understand and communicate and proposes a new conceptual visualization model. The research method was carried out by drawing from old literature studies, previous reproduction records, examples, and international standard diagram text language expression. First, the visualization work expressed in visual language in old literature was an objective and efficient method of information delivery as a characteristic of information design. Second, visual language expressed in old documents could be divided into makeup materials and actions. Also, the diagrams were appropriate for visualizing materials and materials for storytelling. Third, in the visualization of Korean classic makeup in old literature, images were more appropriate than diagrams in the case of action. The researcher proposed a method of visualizing historical knowledge that went one step beyond the existing simple event timing method. Timeline, correlation diagram, image, and text were combined in various ways to find the most effective historical knowledge visualization method. The representation of Korean classic makeup goes beyond the meaning of language or text and is the cultural content of re-creation, which requires systematic globalization.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.58-65
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• 2011

Construction Productivity is one of the most important elements in construction management. It is used in construction process scheduling and cost management, which are significant sector in construction management. It is important to make appropriate schedule and monitor how works are done within schedule. But construction project contains uncertainty and inexactitude, modifying construction schedule is being an issue to manage construction works well. Even though prediction and monitoring of productivity can be principal activity, it is hard to predict productivity with manager's experience and a standard of estimate. A large number of factors influencing productivity, such as drawing, construction method, weather, labor, material, equipment, etc. But current calculation of productivity depends on empirical probability, not consider difference of each influencing factor. In this research, the aim is to present a productivity predicting regression model of form work, which includes effectiveness of influences factors. 5 variables existed inside form work are selected by interview and site research based on literature review of existed various productivity influencing factors. The effectiveness and correlation of productivity influencing factors are analyzed by statistical approach, and it is used to make productivity regression model. The finding of this research will improves monitoring and controlling of project schedule in construction phase.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2497-2504
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the 'Standard Drawings for School Facilities' issued by Seoul Education Committee in 1975 because it is the early example for middle school architecture. The results of this study are summarized as follows 1) In general trend of single-corridor type block plan, there are also changes in floor plan like no-corridor type block plan, $9.9{\times}6.6m$ classroom unit for the better daylight condition, built-in storage for students. 2) As for elevation design, it is characterized as daylight-oriented, functional exterior for without making full use of design elements. 3) Standardized dimensions are used as a rule in the height of story, ceiling, window sill and etc. Transitional characteristics of the early RC school architecture are found in exposed ceiling, incomplete insulation structure and mixed use of wood framed floor of earlier type. 4) Contrast to main school building, gymnasium shows the intend to express the symbolism of school architecture with diverse elevation design elements and the plasticity of building mass. 5) Separated plan of toilet and night-duty building also show the transitional characteristics. As conclusion, though showing the stereotyped school architecture, on the other hand, 'Standard Drawings for School Facilities' (1975) makes it possible to see the way of coping with the demands for school architecture in that time and the transition of school architecture. This is the main value of it as the material for the studies related to the history of educational facilities.