• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.241-248
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a Transformation-Based Learning (TBL) method on generating the Korean standard pronunciation. Previous studies on the phonological processing have been focused on the phonological rule applications and the finite state automata (Johnson 1984; Kaplan and Kay 1994; Koskenniemi 1983; Bird 1995). In case of Korean computational phonology, some former researches have approached the phonological rule based pronunciation generation system (Lee et al. 2005; Lee 1998). This study suggests a corpus-based and data-oriented rule learning method on generating Korean standard pronunciation. In order to substituting rule-based generation with corpus-based one, an aligned corpus between an input and its pronunciation counterpart has been devised. We conducted an experiment on generating the standard pronunciation with the TBL algorithm, based on this aligned corpus.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.1363-1366
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• 2003

This paper introduces computerized version of Hangout(Korean Language) Standard Pronunciation Rule that can be used in Korean processing systems such as Korean voice synthesis system and Korean voice recognition system. For this purpose, we build Petri net models for each items of the Standard Pronunciation Rule, and then integrate them into the vocal sound conversion table. The reversion of Hangul Standard Pronunciation Rule regulates the way of matching vocal sounds into grammatically correct written characters. This paper presents not only the vocal sound conversion table but also character conversion table obtained by reversely converting the vocal sound conversion table. Making use of these tables, we have implemented a Hangeul character into a vocal sound system and a Korean vocal sound into character conversion system, and tested them with various data sets reflecting all the items of the Standard Pronunciation Rule to verify the soundness and completeness of our tables. The test results shows that the tables improves the process speed in addition to the soundness and completeness.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.405-431
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to decide pronunciation of loanwords in Korean language. There has not been a regulation for pronunciation of loanwords in Korean language. Even the dictionary published by the government does not provide any information about the pronunciation of loanwords. In this paper, some actual solutions are suggested for the pronunciation of loanwords. Korean language has Regulations of Standard Korean, Korean Orthography, Regulations on Hangeul Transcriptions on Loanwords and Pronunciation Methods of Standard Korean. These language standards could help to decide pronunciation of loanwords. Some pronunciations which could not be regulated by them must be presented in the standard pronunciation dictionary. For example, glottalization rule of 's' in many loanwords could be presented in the description of each loanword in the dictionary. However the pronunciation of loanwords must be similar to the spelling. If various pronunciations are allowed to one spelling, then people will be so confused by the discrepancy between pronunciation and spelling of loanwords.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to establish the Standard Korean Vocal Sound into Character Conversion Rule (Standard VSCC Rule) by reversely applying the Korean Standard Pronunciation Rule that regulates the way of reading written Hangeul sentences. The Standard VSCC Rule performs a crucially important role in Korean speech recognition. The general method of speech recognition is to find the most similar pattern among the standard voice patterns to the input voice pattern. Each of the standard voice patterns is an average of several sample voice patterns. If the unit of the standard voice pattern is a word, then the number of entries of the standard voice pattern will be greater than a few millions (taking inflection and postpositional particles into account). This many entries require a huge database and an impractically too many comparisons in the process of finding the most similar pattern. Therefore, the unit of the standard voice pattern should be a syllable. In this case, we have to resolve the problem of the difference between the Korean vocal sounds and the writing characters. The process of converting a sequence of Korean vocal sounds into a sequence of characters requires our Standard VSCC Rule. Making use of our Standard VSCC Rule, we have implemented a Korean vocal sounds into Hangeul character conversion system. The Korean Standard Pronunciation Rule consists of 30 items. In order to show soundness and completeness of our Standard VSCC Rule, we have tested the conversion system with various data sets reflecting all the 30 items. The test results will be presented in this paper.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.504-507
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• 2002

In this paper, we proposed the formation of Hangul-International Phonetic Alphabet conversion table that also meets the standard Korean pronunciation rule. In Hangul, due to a phonetic value change phenomenon, notation and pronunciation are different. To do this, conversion table of notation-phonetic value is created, and conversion table of phonetic value-International Phonetic Alphabet notation are formed. As a result, the conversion table of International Phonetic Alphabet notation that accords with the standard Korean pronunciation has been formed, and it is proved by experiments that the result of conversion has no faults.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.28B no.12
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• pp.9-18
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• 1991

In this Paper, a rule-based method for the phenomenon of Korean vocal sound change is proposed. This method could be used to solve a problem between symbolic(Hangul)and phonetic language(Korean) for the study of Korean speech processing. A rule on the phenomenon of vocal sound rearranged for the rule base with a end-consonents on the authority of standard pronunciation rule. The proposed rule base system is simplified by the implementation for the vocal sound change. Also, it is useful to create the data base with phonetic value for the Korean voice processing by syllable unit.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.321-324
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• 2002

For a rule-based conversion of Hangout into the Roman alphabet rather than a word-for-word conversion, one must come up with a faultless model for the Korean standard pronunciation rules, which are the basis of the Romanization. It is on this foundation that the Korean-Roman alphabet conversion table can be created. For linguistic modeling using PetriNet, modeling boundary and notation of modeling can be defined. In order to describe PetriNet, which is a dynamic modeling tool, as a static one, one can model the standard Korean pronunciation rules and the Hangout-Roman alphabet notation by conversion into incident matrix Thus, this research attempts to develop a mathematical modeling tool for a natural language using PetriNet, and create a Korean-Roman alphabet conversion table.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.81-85
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• 2002

We present a statistical analysis of Korean phonological variations using automatic generation of phonetic transcription. We have constructed the automatic generation system of Korean pronunciation variants by applying rules modeling obligatory and optional phonemic changes and allophonic changes. These rules are derived from knowledge-based morphophonological analysis and government standard pronunciation rules. This system is optimized for continuous speech recognition by generating phonetic transcriptions for training and constructing a pronunciation dictionary for recognition. In this paper, we describe Korean phonological variations by analyzing the statistics of phonemic change rule applications for the 60,000 sentences in the Samsung PBS(Phonetic Balanced Sentence) Speech DB. Our results show that the most frequently happening obligatory phonemic variations are in the order of liaison, tensification, aspirationalization, and nasalization of obstruent, and that the most frequently happening optional phonemic variations are in the order of initial consonant h-deletion, insertion of final consonant with the same place of articulation as the next consonants, and deletion of final consonant with the same place of articulation as the next consonants. These statistics can be used for improving the performance of speech recognition systems.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.6
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• pp.827-834
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• 2002

In this paper, we proposed the formation of Korean-Roman alphabet notation conversion table for the generation of Korean-Roman alphabet notation that also meets revised Roman alphabet notation. Introduced a mathematical analyzing method of the natural language which used a petrinet model so that a base of Roman alphabet notation analyzed standard pronunciation and Roman alphabet notation to work mathematically. It display the practical example through a petrinet modeling of a plan and Roman alphabet notation to create a Korean Roman alphabet notation conversion table with the method of the analysis that used a petrinet model, and present a mathematical modeling plan and application method of Korean. We developed application program based on window in order to verify a created Korean-Roman alphabet notation conversion table, and compared the result of an application program with Roman alphabet notation of an Roman alphabet notation example dictionary.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.656-664
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• 2002

We present a statistical analysis of Korean phonological variations using a Grapheme-to-Phoneme (GPT) system. The GTP system used for experiments generates pronunciation variants by applying rules modeling obligatory and optional phonemic changes and allophonic changes. These rules are derived form morphophonological analysis and government standard pronunciation rules. The GTP system is optimized for continuous speech recognition by generating phonetic transcriptions for training and constructing a pronunciation dictionary for recognition. In this paper, we describe Korean phonological variations by analyzing the statistics of phonemic change rule applications for the 60,000 sentences in the Samsung PBS Speech DB. Our results show that the most frequently happening obligatory phonemic variations are in the order of liaison, tensification, aspirationalization, and nasalization of obstruent, and that the most frequently happening optional phonemic variations are in the order of initial consonant h-deletion, insertion of final consonant with the same place of articulation as the next consonants, and deletion of final consonant with the same place of articulation as the next consonant's, These statistics can be used for improving the performance of speech recognition systems.