• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.509-517
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• 2013

In this paper, we researched a method that makes a good acoustic-speech system using a digital signal processing technique with dynamic microphone as a transducer. Good acoustic-speech system should deliver the original sound input to electric signal without distortion. By measuring the frequency response of the microphone, adjustment factors are obtained by comparing measured data and standard frequency response of microphone for each frequency band. The final sound levels are obtained using the developed adjustment factors of frequency responses from the microphone and speaker to match the original sound levels using the digital signal processing technique. Then, we minimize the changes in the frequency response and level due to the variation of the distance from source to microphone, where the frequency responses were measured according to the distance changes.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2023

When the building becomes high, the number of households increases and they are adjacent to the elevator. So, frequency of use of elevators will increase. Elevator noise is bound to increase in the future. However, there are currently no legal standards for elevator noise or measurement and evaluation methods that can clearly measure elevator noise in Korea. Although some methods for measuring elevator noise are presented in KS F ISO 16032, this standard is not a standard established for elevator noise. It is a standard that integrates the overall measurement method of building equipment and equipment, and the position of the microphone is selected by the experimenter during measurement. Elevator noise is characterized by a low sound pressure level as the noise in the mid-low frequency band is important. However, even today, complaints from residents about elevator noise are increasing. In this study, the position of the microphone that can most sensitively pick up the elevator noise when measuring the elevator noise was studied. According to the distance from the wall and the height from the floor, a total of 9 microphone positions were measured and analyzed. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the elevator noise has a very high influence in the 63 Hz band. The measured value at the center point was identified as a factor that lowered the overall elevator noise level value.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.20-25
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• 2012

The oscillometric method and Korotkoff sound method are the most common ways to measure the blood pressure. A new automatic blood pressure measurement device, which uses both oscillometric method and Korotkoff method, was developed. A pressure sensor was used to obtain cuff pressure and oscillation signal, and a microphone was used to detect Korotkoff sounds. Forty-five measurements from fifteen subjects were used for analysis. Correlation coefficients between the traditional auscultatory method and Korotkoff sound method were 0.9820 and 0.9721 for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, respectively. Standard deviations of differences for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were 1.3019 and 1.4495, respectively. Correspondingly, correlation coefficients between the traditional auscultatory method and oscillometric method using newly developed algorithm were 0.9651 and 0.9136 for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, with the standard deviations of 1.42 and 1.73, respectively. The results showed that the newly developed algorithm for oscillometirc method provide accurate blood pressure values, moreover, Korotkoff sound method using microphone provides even higher accuracy. Therefore, a new automatic device which utilizes both oscillometric method and Korotkoff sound method would provide the accurate and reliable blood pressure values.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.731-736
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• 2004

The exhaust noise of auxiliary engine in ships is directly transmitted to bridge wing with only distance attenuation. It is not easy to find out practical treatment to be applied between exhaust pipe and bridge wing to reduce the transmission of the exhaust noise. In general, therefore, a silencer is fitted to reduce the exhaust noise and correspondingly noise of bridge wing. The silencer should be properly designed under the consideration of the frequency component of the exhaust noise and the required performance such as noise reduction or insertion loss. In general, the gas inside the exhaust pipe flows with high temperature and speed and thus onboard test condition is more adverse than the standard atmospheric condition. In this study, the test method to evaluate silencer performance using a probe microphone is introduced.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.90-102
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• 2004

According to the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA), the calibration and/or test laboratories should satisfy the management and technical requirements ISO 17025 or equivalent. Chapter 5, Section 5.10.4 of the technical requirement of ISO 17025 suggests the required informations for calibration certificates, one of them is to state the uncertainty of measurement. The uncertainties of measurement in reciprocity calibration of standard laboratory microphone were calculated. The expanded uncertainties for 1 and 1/2 inch microphones were 0.03 dB in the middle frequency range and they increased up to 0.10 dB and 0.11 dB at 20 Hz, 0.07 dB and 0.08 dB at high frequency, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1990.10a
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• pp.81-84
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• 1990

본 논문에서는 음향측정분야의 국가표준을 중심으로 위로는 기본측정단위로 의 소급성과 아래로는 산업체에 보급되는 음향표준체계를 간단하게 소개하 고 현재 국제표준으로 정하고 있는 1인치 컨덴서 마이크로폰의 정밀가역교 정원리와 방법에 대해 기술하기로 한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.364-370
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• 2017

Background: Labeled noise reduction (NR) data presented by manufacturers are considered one of the main challenging issues for occupational experts in employing hearing protection devices (HPDs). This study aimed to determine the actual NR data of typical HPDs using the objective fit testing method with a microphone in real ear (MIRE) method. Methods: Five available commercially earmuff protectors were investigated in 30 workers exposed to reference noise source according to the standard method, ISO 11904-1. Personal attenuation rating (PAR) of the earmuffs was measured based on the MIRE method using a noise dosimeter (SVANTEK, model SV102). Results: The results showed that means of PAR of the earmuffs are from 49% to 86% of the nominal NR rating. The PAR values of earmuffs when a typical eyewear was worn differed statistically (p < 0.05). It is revealed that a typical safety eyewear can reduce the mean of the PAR value by approximately 2.5 dB. The results also showed that measurements based on the MIRE method resulted in low variability. The variability in NR values between individuals, within individuals, and within earmuffs was not the statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study could provide local individual fit data. Ergonomic aspects of the earmuffs and different levels of users experience and awareness can be considered the main factors affecting individual fitting compared with the laboratory condition for acquiring the labeled NR data. Based on the obtained fit testing results, the field application of MIRE can be employed for complementary studies in real workstations while workers perform their regular work duties.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.2 s.95
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• pp.176-183
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• 2005

The exhaust noise of auxiliary engine in ships is directly transmitted to bridge wing with only distance attenuation. It is not easy to find out practical treatment to be applied between exhaust pipe and bridge wing to reduce the transmission of the exhaust noise. In general, therefore, a silencer is fitted to reduce the exhaust noise and correspondingly noise of bridge wing. The silencer should be properly designed under the consideration of the frequency component of the exhaust noise and the required performance such as noise reduction or insertion loss. In general, the gas inside the exhaust pipe flows with high temperature and speed and thus onboard test condition is more adverse than the standard atmospheric condition. In this study, the test method to evaluate silencer performance using a probe microphone is introduced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.964-968
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• 2007

The measurement of floor impact sound have been standardized in KS 2810-1 and 2. The height of receiving microphones position is specified in the standard as 1.2m which is almost half height of apartment rooms as a listening position. In this study, receiving positions are investigated by measuring the distribution of sound pressure levels at 792 receiving microphone positions in the standard testing building. Standard impact sources, tapping machine and impact ball, are driven on the center position in the source room where is located at the above floor. It was found that the distribution of sound pressure levels in the receiving room indicates significant deviation at different frequencies there is more than 5dB drop at 63Hz but 2dB rise at 125Hz at a height of 1.2m when the impact ball is driven, in the other case of a generating tapping machine there is more than 2dB rise at 125Hz at a height of 1.2m due to room modes.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

This paper proposes a new nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for multiple sound sources using a dual microphone array. First of all, sound signals coming from the dual microphone array are segmented into consecutive analysis frames, and a steered-response power phase transform (SRP-PHAT) beamformer is applied to each frame so that stereo signals of each frame are represented in a time-direction domain. The time-direction outputs of SRP-PHAT are stored for a pre-defined number of frames, which is referred to as a time-direction block. Next, In order to estimate DOAs robust to noise, each time-direction block is normalized along the time by using a block subtraction technique. After that, an unsupervised NMF method is applied to the normalized time-direction block in order to cluster the directions of each sound source in a multiple sound source environments. In particular, the activation and basis matrices are used to estimate the number of sound sources and their DOAs, respectively. The DOA estimation performance of the proposed method is evaluated by measuring a mean absolute error (MAE) and the standard deviation of errors between the oracle and estimated DOAs under a three source condition, where the sources are located in [$-35{\circ}$, 5m], [$12{\circ}$, 4m], and [$38{\circ}$, 4.m] from the dual microphone array. It is shown from the experiment that the proposed method could relatively reduce MAE by 56.83%, compared to a conventional SRP-PHAT based DOA estimation method.