• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.166-178
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• 1976

Taxonomic study of 11 strains of Bacillus coagulans and 14 strains of 13 spccies of Bacillus by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization were conducted. Among the 11 strains of B. coagulans, 6 were isolated from soil and the rest were the authentic strains obtained from American Type culture collection (ATCC) or the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka (IFO). All strains were examined to confirm as they are expected species of B. coagulans by the methods of Cordon et al. according to Bergey's Manual (8th ed.). The intraspecific DNA homology indexes among the 11 strains of B. coagulans using strain ATCC 7050 as the standard ($^3$H labeled input DNA) showed 76％ or, more, respectively. These findings accorded well with the results of the conventional taxonomic study according to the Bergey's Manual. The interspecific DNA homology indexes between B. coagulant strain ATCC 7050 and the type cultures of B. subtilis (168), B. licheniformis (IFO 12107), B. pumilus (IFO 12110), B. firmus (ATCC 14575), B. lentus (ATCC 10840), B. circulans (ATCC 4513), B. macelans (ATCC 8244), B. polymyxa (ATCC 842), B. sphaericus (ATCC 14577), B. brevis (ATCC 8246, IFO 12334), B. laterosporus (ATCC 64), and B. pantothenticus (ATCC 14576) respectively, showed 2 to 4％, while that of between B. coagulans ATCC 7050 and Escherichia coli K-12 was less than 1 ％.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study is to compare the improvement of Low back pain (LBP) depending on male Inpatient's Brachlalankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV), Method : We evaluated 35 LBP inpatients who took pulse wave velocity test during admission at Jaseng hospital from November 2008 to september 2009. We used applanation tonometry method to measure pulse wave velocity and numerical rating scale to measure patient's improvement. Result : At admission, standard deviation of normal group's NRS was $7.44{\pm}1.67$ and high risk group's was $7.57{\pm}2.09$(P=0.678). After 5 days of admission, standard deviation of normal group's NRS was $5.67{\pm}1.94$ and high risk group's was $6.00{\pm}2.17$(P=0.680). After 10 days of admission, standard deviation of normal group's NRS was $4.00{\pm}1.80$ and high risk group's was $4.95{\pm}1.96$(P=0.281). After 15 days of admission, standard deviation of normal group's NRS was $2.89{\pm}1.62$ and high risk group's was $4.10{\pm}1.92$(P=0.124). At discharge, standard deviation of normal group's NRS was $5.11{\pm}1.69$ and high risk group's was $4.86{\pm}2.08$(P=0.504). Comparison between admission and discharge, standard deviation of normal group's NRS was $5.11{\pm}1.69$ and high risk group's was $4.86{\pm}2.08$(P=0.504) Conclusion : Low back patients with high Brachialankle Pulse Wave Velocity, showed slower improvement rate compare to patients within normal rate. But statically, had no significance.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2004

Recently automatic equipment has been well popularized for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a widely used test, but no standard quality control has been established yet. Thus, we are going to report a case that established and applied a quality control method using the TEST 1 automatic analyzer. For internal quality control, we adopted the repeatability test through comparison with daily mean check, with a manual method using patients' specimens and with the results of a test on the previous day. In order to set the tolerance standard for each quality control method, we compared the results of 50 specimens that showed a wide range of ESR results and examined correlation and differences according to result. After setting the tolerance standard, we applied the standard at tertiary university hospitals for 120 days and investigated positive rates and re-examination rates. If the tolerance standard was exceeded, the cause was also identified. We selected a specimen of below 25 mm/hr (T1), one between 26-50 mm/hr (T2) and one of over 51 mm/hr (T3) at random. The correlation between the manual method and the automatic method was quite high (r=0.98), and it is found appropriate to set based on differences in result values below 25 mm/hr, the upper limit of the reference value, and based on differences in the percentage of result values above 25 mm/hr. Accordingly, we set the criteria for rejection above 10 mm/hr and above 20%. When the criteria were applied in the laboratory, 1.7% of specimens in the range of T1, 8.3% of those in the range of T2 and 7.5% of those in the range of T3 were rejected. Because all the rejected ones fell within the tolerance limit in re-examination calibration verification was not carried out. With the wide popularization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate analyzers that can carry out a lot of tests quickly using automatic methods, it is necessary to improve the reliability of test results by establishing internal quality control policies. We expect that an agreed standard quality control method may be established based on the method proposed in this study.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

Manual wheelchair is one of the most used assistant device in Korea and the size of the wheelchair is defined as KS P ISO 7176-5 which follows the ISO 7176-5 standard size. But the standard often doesn't fit to Korean people because the ISO was enacted by foreigners' body sizes. Actually the result of survey from the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards showd that the designated sizes of height, width, deep of seat except armrest and the height of backrest of a chair in the present KS P ISO 7176-5 are much bigger and the height of armrest is smaller than the sizes investigated by the survey. In case the disabled person has a long wheelchair use time everyday, the posture of user should be uncomfortable because the mismatched size should cause user's pelvis rotations, slouching pose and low stability. Also, inside of knee may touch the wheelchair seat and user can't keep a correct posture. In this paper, the body sizes of Korean disabled person were investigated and the correct wheelchair sizes for Korean people are provided.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Objectives: Although chuna medicine has progressed distinguishingly, yet chuna medical terminology hasn't been standardized. So there are a lot of difficulties in translating chuna related book and their meaning cannot be conveyed properly. For this reason, we could say standardization of chuna medical terminology is very essential. Purpose of our study was to develope a standard database of concept terms for chuna medicine, in addition, we considered establishing fundamental principles of chuna medical terminology. Methods: To select standard chuna medical terms, we sorted important chuna medical index words. Then we sorted those words into a group that has same meanings and united to one single term. In the meantime, we extracted index words from 26 domestic and foreign manual technique related books and sorted them out and based on these word, we translated chuna medical terms to Korean terms. In the case of chuna technique terms, we searched chuna text books for term those were wrongly used, and corrected them by suggesting fundamental principles of terminology. Results: 664 chuna words were selected as standard chuna terms and have been translated to English terms. In the process, adscititious words such as anatomical terms and title of books were exempted and selected only important words that could be used as index of chuna terms. In deciding essential elements of chuna technique terms, patient position, contact point, segmental contact point, malposition, procedure method were selected. Conclusions: Correcting chuna medical terms in a sort period could cause confusion, but in long term perspective, in the aspect of conveying the meaning clearly and education purpose, standardizing of chuna medical terminology must be done. From this study, standardization of chuna medical terms were chosen in large category, but further studies must be followed in order to standardize terms of subdivisional categories.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2013

Recently, localized heavy rain is increased by climatic changes and landslide is increased. Also, because of landslide occurred in urban area, life and property damages are increased. Therefore, standard operation procedure of disasters should be established by steps and institutions so as to respond landslide. This thesis investigated application of current disaster manual so as to write SOP of landslide for disaster prevention related experts and accepted opinion for responding necessaries by using landslide SOP and important matters by step of disaster management. As the result of investigation, application of manual was low during the current response to disasters and application was the highest in responding step among the steps of disaster management. In case of landslide, they responded that response with SOP is necessary. During the organization of landslide SOP, they responded that training and education for landslide disaster are important at the step of prevention, conduction of landslide disaster broadcasting and provision of information are important at the step of preparation, guidance for evasion and behavior methods is important at the step of response and investigation of landslide disaster damages and reflection of record and evaluation are important at the step of recovery. In addition, for the requests for landslide SOP application, there was an importance of secondary factors such as expansion of professional manpower, strengthening of law and institution, education and training for SOP acquisition, etc.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1251-1259
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• 2022

Objective: T1 mapping provides valuable information regarding cardiomyopathies. Manual drawing is time consuming and prone to subjective errors. Therefore, this study aimed to test a DL algorithm for the automated measurement of native T1 and extracellular volume (ECV) fractions in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with a temporally separated dataset. Materials and Methods: CMR images obtained for 95 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 54.5 ± 15.2 years), including 36 left ventricular hypertrophy (12 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 12 Fabry disease, and 12 amyloidosis), 32 dilated cardiomyopathy, and 27 healthy volunteers, were included. A commercial deep learning (DL) algorithm based on 2D U-net (Myomics-T1 software, version 1.0.0) was used for the automated analysis of T1 maps. Four radiologists, as study readers, performed manual analysis. The reference standard was the consensus result of the manual analysis by two additional expert readers. The segmentation performance of the DL algorithm and the correlation and agreement between the automated measurement and the reference standard were assessed. Interobserver agreement among the four radiologists was analyzed. Results: DL successfully segmented the myocardium in 99.3% of slices in the native T1 map and 89.8% of slices in the post-T1 map with Dice similarity coefficients of 0.86 ± 0.05 and 0.74 ± 0.17, respectively. Native T1 and ECV showed strong correlation and agreement between DL and the reference: for T1, r = 0.967 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.951-0.978) and bias of 9.5 msec (95% limits of agreement [LOA], -23.6-42.6 msec); for ECV, r = 0.987 (95% CI, 0.980-0.991) and bias of 0.7% (95% LOA, -2.8%-4.2%) on per-subject basis. Agreements between DL and each of the four radiologists were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] of 0.98-0.99 for both native T1 and ECV), comparable to the pairwise agreement between the radiologists (ICC of 0.97-1.00 and 0.99-1.00 for native T1 and ECV, respectively). Conclusion: The DL algorithm allowed automated T1 and ECV measurements comparable to those of radiologists.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2016

After the twenty-first century, the university emphasize on the role of knowledge creation facilities, and for this, various social and educational requirements are changing the environment of higher education. These change makes university that has old facilities difficult to correspond environmental changes. The purpose of this study is to review the facilities manual of Establishment and Management of university and to suggest amendment of Establishment and Management of university by exploring the university educational environment and facilities plan to respond various changes. We reviewed division of university studies, classification system of facilities, Area Standard of building and site in th provision for university establishment and operation, based on studying domestic university facilities standards, space management standards, facilities condition of national/private university and doing a survey of university facilities satisfaction and propriety of facilities standard in 120 universities. According to this study on validity and propriety of rules, we suggest amendment of Establishment and Management of university that can respond changing higher education environment.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.541-564
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• 2013

In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to predict the settlement of pad footings on cohesionless soils based on standard penetration test. To achieve this, a computer programme was developed to calculate the settlement of pad footings from five traditional methods. The footing geometry (length and width), the footing embedment depth, $D_f$, the bulk unit weight, ${\gamma}$, of the cohesionless soil, the footing applied pressure, Q, and corrected standard penetration test, $N_{cor}$, varied during the settlement analyses and the settlement value of each footing was calculated for each method. Then, an ANN model was developed for each traditional method to predict the settlement by using the results of the analyses. The settlement values predicted from the ANN model were compared with the settlement values calculated from the traditional method for each method. The predicted values were found to be quite close to the calculated values. It has been demonstrated that the ANN models developed can be used as an accurate and quick tool at the preliminary designing stage of pad footings on cohesionless soils without a need to perform any manual work such as using tables or charts. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to examine the relative importance of the factors affecting settlement prediction. According to the analyses, for each traditional method, $N_{cor}$ is found to be the most important parameter while ${\gamma}$ is found to be the least important parameter.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.63-83
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the elements and principles of fine arts were reflected in art related activities in the teacher's manual on standard childcare curriculum for a period of 2 years. Methods: The analysis criteria for the elements of fine arts were modified and complemented based on Kim and Gang(2011) and the same was done for the principles of fine arts based on Lee et al(2015). Results: First, as a result of analyzing the art contents according to life theme in art related activities, 'artistic expression' appeared the most in all nine life themes. Second, as a result of analyzing the art related contents in the standard childcare curriculum for 2 years based on the elements of fine arts, plane, texture, shape, color, volume, line, spot, space, composition, light and shade appeared in order. Third, as a result of analyzing the art related contents on the principles of fine arts, movement, emphasis, variety, unity, rhythm, proportion, balance and pattern appeared in order. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this research suggest that the childcare activities have to be devoloped in order to provide the balanced experiences with fine arts activities.