• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2005

We present a simple and effective method of face and facial feature detection under pose variation of user face in complex background for the human-robot interaction. Our approach is a flexible method that can be performed in both color and gray facial image and is also feasible for detecting facial features in quasi real-time. Based on the characteristics of the intensity of neighborhood area of facial features, new directional template for facial feature is defined. From applying this template to input facial image, novel edge-like blob map (EBM) with multiple intensity strengths is constructed. Regardless of color information of input image, using this map and conditions for facial characteristics, we show that the locations of face and its features - i.e., two eyes and a mouth-can be successfully estimated. Without the information of facial area boundary, final candidate face region is determined by both obtained locations of facial features and weighted correlation values with standard facial templates. Experimental results from many color images and well-known gray level face database images authorize the usefulness of proposed algorithm.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Objectives : This study proposes developing Sasang Medical Diagnosis Program using Facial form for increase in Sasang Constitution Diagnosis objectivity and putting the Diagnosis Program into practical use. The author presents a review of extant research on Sasang constitution diagnosis utilizing facial feature analysis and suggests an agenda for further research. Methods : For this thesis, a collection of dissertations on the subject of 'Usage of facial form for constitution diagnosis' published until September of 2012 such as RISS4U, OASIS, KISTI, Korean TK were reviewed. The final 33 dissertations were classified into two categories, basic or clinical research and then analyzed. Results : 9 out of 33 dissertations were of basic research and 24 were of clinical research. 1) As result of review of references, a uniform tendency was found in facial form according to Sasang Constitution. 2) In the grade of practical use, facial element is repeatedly used and the facial element of important use has constitutional differences. 3) Standard faces per Sasang Constitution were derived as result of 2-dimensional research. 4) 3-dimensional research focused on improvement of accuracy and reliability of 3D-AFRA, and there has been an attempt to develop a prototype for identification. Conclusions : For practical use of facial feature in Sasang Constitution Diagnosis, 1) Standardization of diagnosis through establishing Sasang Medical Diagnosis clinical protocol must be preceded. After the standardization, practical purpose and direction of facial form in general may be decided. 2) Information on high quality facial form of constitutional and conditional patients must be collected to form extensive database. 3) Subdivided symptomatology, as well as Sasang Constitution must be considered for diagnosis in order for diagnosis technique to acquire clinical practicality.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2017

Objectives Facial features can be utilized as an indicator of Korean medical diagnosis. They are often measured by using the diagnostic device for an objective diagnosis. Accordingly, it is necessary to verify the reliability of the features which are obtained from the device for the accurate diagnosis. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the repeatability of facial feature variables using the Sasang Constitutional Analysis Tool(SCAT) for the Sasang Constitutional face diagnosis. Methods Facial pictures of two subjects were taken 24 times respectively for two days according to a standard guideline. In order to evaluate the repeatability, the coefficient of variation was calculated for the facial features extracted from frontal and profile images. Results The coefficient of variation was less than 10% in most of the facial features except the upper lip, trichion, and chins related features. Conclusions It was confirmed that the coefficient of variation was small in most of the features which enables the objective and reliable analysis of face. However, some features showed the low reliability because the location of facial landmarks related to them is ambiguous. In order to solve the problem, a clear basis for the location discussion is required.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.350-364
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• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed to find the significant features of face form according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin by analyzing the three-dimensional face information data. Also, making standard face of the Taeeumin and Soyangin was an object of this study. Methods We collected three-dimensional face data of patients aged between 20~45 years old diagnosed by a specialist of Sasang constitutional medicine. The data were collected using a 3D scanner, Morpheus 3D(Morpheus Corporation, KOREA). Extracting a face feature point total of 64, was set to 332 pieces(height, angle, ratio, etc.) of each variable between feature points. ANOVA test were used to compare the characteristics of subjects according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin. Results When not to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin were different from the 18 items(3 items in the ear, 9 items in the eye, 1 item in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 4 items in the jaw). When to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin men were different from the 6 items(1 item in the ear, 2 items in the nose, 3 items in the face). And the Taeeumin and Soyangin women were different from 17 items(1 item in the ear, 10 items in the eye, 2 items in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 3 items in the face). Conclusions These results show Taeeumin's face(both men and women) width of the right and left is larger than the length of the top and bottom. Compared to men of Soyangin, men of Taeeumin has greater wings of the nose. Compared to women of Soyangin, women of Taeeumin has longer length of the eye. Soyangin's face(both men and women) length of the top and bottom is larger than the width of the right and left. Compared to men of Taeeumin, men of Soyangin has smaller wings of the nose. Compared to women of Taeeumin, women of Soyangin has more stereoscopic facial features at the top and bottom of the lateral face. Also, by accumulating three-dimensional face data, this study modeled the standard facial features by Taeeumin and Soyangin. These results may be helpful in the development of Sasang constitutional diagnostics utilizing the characteristics of the facial form at later.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2006

1. Objectives Recently there have been studied the trials to take out the characteristics of Sasangin's face. 3 dimensional modeling is essential to find out sasangin's face. So the studies of standard face model and face type are necessary. 2. Methods I have reviewed the researches of standard facial modeling and facial type in the inside and outside of the country. 3. Results and Conclusions The Facial Definition Parameters are a very complex set of parameters defined by MPEG-4. It has defineds set of 84 feature points and 68 Facial Animation Parameters. Face type has been researched to divide into male and female, or the westerns and the orientals, or sasangin(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.783-786
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• 2013

For years, the gold standard in facial rejuvenation has been the face lift. However, exploring new, less complex procedures for achieving the same goal is currently drawing interest. Rejuvenation of the perioral area is a difficult task for plastic surgeons because of the minimal effect that face lift procedures have over this region and the lack of published material on the subject. In this article, the descended mouth corner anguloplasty technique is presented. It is a 20-minutes lift technique that can correct this typical feature of the ageing mouth. The authors have treated 71 patients using the technique with consistently good results, with just one requiring revision. They conclude that this procedure by itself and in combination with other small operations or even a full face lift can rejuvenate the ageing face.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 다양한 장애를 가진 사용자들을 위한 지능형 휠체어의 인터페이스를 제안한다. 제안된 시스템의 주된 목적은 전동휠체어의 조이스틱을 사용하기 힘든 장애인들에게 효율적인 인터페이스를 제공함으로써 그들의 안전한 이동성을 보장하여 독립적인 삶을 이끌어 나갈 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 제안된 시스템은 사용자의 얼굴 기울기를 인식하여 휠체어의 회전을 수행하고 입 모양을 인식하여 휠체어의 전진과 정지를 수행 한다. 이러한 얼굴 특징을 인식하기 위해 제안된 시스템은 얼굴 특징 검출기, 얼굴 특징 인식기, 전환기로 구성된다. 얼굴 특징 검출기는 Adaboost를 이용하여 얼굴 영역을 먼저 검출한 후 에지 정보를 이용하여 입 영역을 검출한다. 검출된 결과들은 얼굴 특징 인식기에저 statistical analysis와 K-means clustering을 이용하여 얼굴 각도와 입 모양을 인식한다. 전환기는 인식된 결과들을 휠체어의 모터를 제어하기 위한 명령어로 변환하여 사용자의 얼굴 및 입의 움직임으로 휠체어를 제어할 수 있도록 한다. 제안된 지능형 휠체어의 효율성을 증명하기 위하여 34명의 사용자를 대상으로 다양한 환경에서 실험한 결과 제안된 시스템은 전동 휠체어의 조이스틱을 사용 할 수 없는 장애인들에게 편리한 이동성을 제공하며, 보다 편리하고 친숙한 인터페이스로 사용 될 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2010

Purpose: As the influence of mass media increases, the general standard of attractiveness or beauty of a face also changes. The primary purpose of the study is to find out the factors of the attractive and beautiful face recognized by public. Methods: We picked out standard model photography and operated with Adobe$^{(R)}$ Photoshop$^{(R)}$ and Monariza$^{(R)}$ virtual plastic surgery program. The contour of face, eye, nose, forehead, zygoma, chin and proportion of upper, middle, lower face were changed. The interview survey was conducted through structured standard photo for 310 respondents. That was utilized in the final analysis. Multiple regression analysis was executed by SPSS 12.0. It was used to deal with statistical data and all the other necessary analysis. Results: According to general characteristics of the respondents, many differences were found in preferred face and facial aesthetic subunits. The younger generation preferred the lozenge and inverted triangle shape contour. The respondents over 40 of age preferred the egg shape contour. In chin and zygoma contour, the respondents at the age of 20 preferred distinctly small chin and relatively small lower face. On the other hand, the respondents over 40 of age preferred the wide zygoma relatively. In the proportion of upper, middle, lower face, 51.0% of respondents answered 1 : 1 : 1. If they want to have an aesthetic operation, they preferred protruding forehead. Also they preferred the small chin and V-shaped chin in frontal view. Conclusion: Many respondents preferred to have a plastic surgery for the better facial subunit. The statistical evidence from this study suggests that the harmony and balance of facial aesthetic subunits make attractive and beautiful face.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2009

컴퓨터 게임에서 사용하는 복잡한 3차원 캐릭터 모델을 단순한 모델로 만드는 것은 매우 중요하다. 제안 방법은 3차원 게임 캐릭터에서 특징선을 추출하여 모델을 단순화 시키는 새로운 방법에 대해 제안한다. 주어진 3차원 캐릭터 모델은 텍스처 정보를 포함하고 있다. 3차원 캐릭터 모델에서의 텍스처 및 곡률의 변동을 이용해서 2차원 맵인 모델특징맵(Model Feature Map)을 생성한다. 모델특징맵은 곡률 맵(curvature map)과 텍스처 맵(texture map)으로부터 생성되며, 본 맵을 통해 에지 추출 기법을 이용하여 특징선을 추출한다. 모델특징맵은 표준 영상처리툴을 이용해 쉽게 편집할 수 있다. 실험을 통하여 본 알고리즘의 효율성을 보여주며, 실험은 얼굴 캐릭터에 한정하지 않는다.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

고유얼굴 방법에 의한 얼굴인식은 얼굴 표정의 변화에 둔감한 유용한 인식기법이나 인식률이 낮아 지속적인 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 고유얼굴 특징을 이용한 얼굴인식에 있어서 인식률 개선을 위한 효과적인 방안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 고유얼굴 특징에 대해 세 종류의 분류기-단일원형 분류기, 최소거리 분류기, 신경회로망 분류기-를 사용하여 그 성능을 평가하고 분석함으로써 고유얼굴 특징의 분포 특성을 고찰하고, 분류기 및 학습용 샘플 영상의 선정이 인식률 제고에 큰 영향을 미침을 보인다. ORL 얼굴영상 데이터베이스를 사용하여 실험한 결과 최소거리 분류기가 가장 좋은 인식률을 나타내었으며, 학습용 샘플영상의 선정과 최소거리 분류기에 의해 91.0%의 인식률을 달성하였다.