• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1990

A pilot field study was conducted to measure indoor and personal exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) levels using personal monitors from January to February in 1989. The principal objectives of the study was to design and evaluate the research protocol and the instrumentation performance for application to the conduct of a large-scale personal monitoring program. The mean CO concentrations in kitchen and in bedroom were 23.4 and 11.9 ppm, respectively, while mean concentration of personal CO exposure was 18.9 ppm. It was found that the mean CO concentrations in kitchen exceeded 20 ppm of the Korea ambient CO standard(8-hr average) not to be exceeded more than three times per year. The results suggest that indoor CO levels in Korean houses appear to be affected by use of coal briquette for heating any cooking.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2008

As the elderly population is growing rapidly, guidelines for planning and designing of the elderly housing are required for improving housing environment of the elderly. The purpose of this study is making the basic dimensional standardization of residential spaces for the elderly. The dimensional standard of spaces suggested in this guideline considers characteristics of both aged and the general users. The spaces studied in this research include bedroom, living room, bathroom, kitchen and other circulation spaces in the elderly housing. The design guidelines of furniture, equipment for the aged with sizing of the areas are provided. Finally, applicability of the output is reexamined by implementing this guidelines to the sample planning and design of the elderly housing.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2021

The door open time, resulting from occupants evacuating from apartments, is an important parameter when assessing the performance of smoke ventilation systems in high-rise apartment buildings. However, the values recommended in UK design guidance appear to have limited substantiation. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out considering variabilities in door swing time, flow rate and number of occupants. It has been found that the door open time can be represented by a lognormal distribution with a mean of 6.6, 8.7 and 11.1 s and a standard deviation of 1.7, 3.2 and 4.7 s for one, two and three-bedroom apartments, respectively. For deterministic analyses, it is proposed that the 95th percentile values may be adopted in line with recommended practice for other fire safety design parameters such as fuel load density and soot yield, giving door open times of 10 s to 19 s, depending on the number of bedrooms.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

As aging society progresses, it is necessary to establish a housing standard that provides a healthy, safe, and convenient environment for the elderly. The objective of the study is to propose a housing space standard that is geared towards elderly living in the urban area. Three steps were taken to attain the objective. First, characteristics of housing preference, spatial usage and furniture preference of the elderly were attained through a survey. The survey was conducted targeting the respondents of the ages 60 to 79 living in three different administrative districts in Seoul. Second, the required floor space to perform individual specific behavior using anthropometric dimension of the elderly was investigated by literature review. Lastly, floor space of each space is suggested combining each area for individual specific behavior which reflects characteristics of housing preference and spatial usage. The results of the research as follows. A bedroom was planned, which includes the function of receiving guests by giving the area for the placement of a sofa. The space for the use of dinning table for two person was planned in the kitchen and The space for the behavior of showering on a chair was planned in a bathroom. Lastly, the space for the behavior of taking off shoes on a chair was considered in the entrance area. Consequently, $35.4m^2$ is suggested as the necessary floor space for the elderly housing considering the characteristics of the elderly in urban area. However, because of space composition and space for accessibility, the additional space should be considered to plan the elderly housing.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2014

The objective of this paper is to investigate problems associated with Rural Housing Standard Plans for the Elderly based on the current status of 12 houses belonging to elderly people (60's and over) living in rural areas and engaged in farming activities, and to suggest improvements. The methods employed were a field survey with interviews and literature review. The results are as follows. First, the Plans were deemed inappropriate to prevent the possible accidents in entrance area such as slippiness and falls because the eaves are not long enough. Second, the area of foyer and the volume of foyer storage in the Plans are not enough to accommodate the subject's behaviors and their rural life. Third, rather than using the sink, many subjects preferred to wash simply in the shower while sitting, so the planning of a bathroom can't meet the subject's needs and behaviors. Fourth, the subjects prefer L + DK to LDK but the Plans were designed in the manner of LDK only. Fifth, the subjects have needs for bathrooms belong to the master bedrooms, but only one case of Plans satisfied their needs. Six, bedrooms with the exception of the master bedroom are used as storage in order to make up for a lack of storage space, but many storage space such as dressing rooms and pantries was not taken into consideration in the Plans. Lastly, the planning of storehouses does not meet the subjects' using behaviors for storehouses and the level of desirable capacity of goods.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2016

Purpose: The study is to measure indoor air pollutants concentration of existing housing and to analyze the causes and assess in accordance with the government's criteria. The research result could be used as data for public health through indoor air quality management of existing housing and more as a reference for new housing. Method: It was investigated 24 middle class housings of metropolitan area in summer which have been built for the past 30 years. Concentration of HCHO, TVOC was investigated in living room at morning and night and concentration of $CO_2$ was investigated in living room and master bedroom at morning and night. SKT100-X5 was used for concentration of HCHO, TVOC and ZGm053UK for concentration of $CO_2$. Result: Average concentration of TVOC was 1.31 times more than that of HCHO and standard deviation of that was 1.73 times higher. Average concentration of $CO_2$ was almost nearly close to 1,000ppm being criteria of the Ministry of Environment.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2005

This study purposed to grasp the Design Characteristic of the representative Furnitures produced recently by Domestic Furniture Manufacturers. As for the researching method, setting as the object of the selected 7 furniture manufacturers, through the regional classification such as living room, bedroom, dining room, and then chose again the 395 items of furnitures to be analyzed. The Design Characteristic of the chosen furnitures has been examined clearly by the analysis standard framework for those peculiarities at view of aesthetic, decorating and material. As the result of analysis, as for the aesthetic Peculiarity of the furnitures, the rectilinear form was overwhelming than the curve lined shape, and it was appeared that the brighter tone of color was used quite more. In the respect of aesthetic characteristic, the furnitures decorated with modern style is pretty gaining predominance than that of reflected style of traditional character, and since modern residential space has been maintained continuously as minimal shaped trend for several years, it could be known that such moulding and decorating peculiarities and also furniture as the composing factor of space had been selected together with it. Based on such conclusion, standing on this time point where the design trend of residential space is being changed, it is also considered that the Development of Furniture Design which copes positively with such change tendency in the future.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 고령자주택의 조명실태를 알아보기 위해 고령자만이 거주하고 있는 주택 50가구를 대상으로 실태조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고령자가 느끼는 주택조명의 밝기는 거실과 부엌은 보통정도이며, 침실과 화장실은 조금 어두운 것으로 느끼고 있었다. 그리고 주택조명에 대한 만족도에서는 대체로 보통이상으로 만족하고 있었다. 둘째, 고령자주택의 조명환경 문제점은 밝기와 관리라고 생각하며, 조명환경 개조 시 밝기와 설비의 노후를 고려하였으며, 개조 시 밝기에 가장 중점을 두기를 원하였다. 셋째, 조명의 사용방법은 침실과 화장실은 전반조명만의 사용이 압도적이며, 부엌은 전반조명과 국부조명의 병용이 압도적이다. 거실은 전반조명만을 사용하는 경우가 많으나, 전반조명과 국부조명을 병용하는 경우도 약 4할을 차지하였다. 그리고 광원의 사용을 보면, 침실과 거실에서는 주로 형광등을 사용하며, 부엌과 화장실에서는 국부조명의 광원으로 백열등을 사용하였다. 넷째, 침실의 평균조도는 104.17[lx], 평균균 제도는 60.22[%]이며, 거실의 평균조도는 116.15[lx], 평균균제도는 51.48[%]이며, 부엌의 싱크대 평균조도는 236.40[lx], 식탁의 평균조도는 160.73[lx], 화장실의 세면대의 평균조도는 109.81[lx], 변기의 평균조도는 74.33[lx]로 나타나 대체적으로 기준보다 어둡다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to look into the change of area and space organization percentage of wards in main general hospitals in Busan and Gyeongnam. Method : Patient area, nursing area, service area, training area, common area were classified for functional space organization. Patient area was reclassified to bedroom and comfort area, and common area was reclassified into vertical circulation, horizontal circulation and facility area. Also, method of area calculation was chosen standard to wall center-lines following building act 911 and functional space area of each hospital was estimated and comparatively analyzed. Result : For hospitals completed before 2000, area ratio by functional space for patient area, nursing area, service area and common area showed 53.6%, 10.2%, 0.8%, and 35.3% respectively. For hospitals completed after 2000, area ratio by functional space for patient area, nursing area, service space, and common area showed 49.2%, 12.6%, 1.1%, and 37.2% respectively. Implications : Through this study, change of percentage of space organization of main general hospitals in Busan Gyeongnam can be understood. Also because most studies on area organization of general hospital wards were focused on the capital area, this study provides basic material for future studies related to area of general hospital wards in Busan Gyeongnam.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2008

The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristics of the elderly housing preference and spatial usage to plan floor space of the elderly housing by the respondents of the ages 50 to 79. Based on the result of the study, it is suggested that the elderly housing should be located in regards to social environmental factors rather than natural environmental ones. There are differences in preference for the space planning of housing units such as the number of rooms and bathrooms, and floor space depending on income level, so the housing should be differently planned to accept the difference of preference. On the other hand, there is not notable difference in furniture preference for each space. In the characteristics of spatial usage according to behaviors, high-income respondents demonstrate the characteristics of spatial usage in accordance with a western lifestyle. Thus, behaviors such as sleeping, watching TV, resting, reading, conversation, and receiving guests, occur using such things as beds, sofas, and dinning tables. On the other hand low-income respondents show a mixed western and traditional lifestyle. Thus many behaviors are done on the floor of bedroom and livingroom in addition to using furniture such as a sofa and chairs. Therefore, the way of spatial usage has to be reflected in the floor space planning. At least floor space of the provided rooms should be planned to accommodate the behavior of the elderly even though all of the rooms preferred can not be provided.