• 수산경영론집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1998

Fisheries products in Korea generally go through three markets, namely the wholesale market at production site (Market A), the wholesale market at consumption site (Market B), and the retail market (Market C), from producers to end consumers. As the products move from Market A through Market B to Market C, the marginal gap of prices asked in these markets demonstrates an apparent relationship. The producers, middlemen, consumers, and governmental departments concerned may influence the marketing prices of fisheries products. This study employing the cointegration theory tries to investigate whether causality of the price-setting among these markets exists and, if any, what it is. The authors have focused their attention on fisheries markets in Pusan, analyzing the long-run equilibrium relationship and causality between the prices of hairtail and squid among markets at different levels. Data used in this study cover the period f개m August 1984 to December 1997 fer hairtail, and the period from May 1989 to December 1997 for squid. The main findings of the study may be summarized as follows: First, regardless of the price time-series of hairtail and squid in individual market, the first difference is necessary fur satisfying the stationary conditions since each time-series is a first integration. This means homogeneous integration of time-series, which is a requirement of the long-run equilibrium of prices at different markets, is satisfied. Second, the study of the long-run equilibrium relationship between the prices at Market A and Market B shows that a long-run equilibrium relationship does exist for selling prices of the two species at Market A and Market B. Third, the ECM (error correction model ) used here to describe the long- and short-run dynamics of price change demonstrates that, in the case of squid, the price change in Market A will lead to a corresponding price change in Market B in the long-run period. In the short-run, however, the price at Market H is not only influenced by the price change in Market A but influence the price at Market A as well, that is, the Prices between Market A and Market B have a feedback effect. It should be stressed that the limitation in data collection, which cover only two species of hairtail and squid, is likely to cause a sampling bias. Nonetheless, we may conclude that a dynamic relation in the formation of prices does exist in view of the transaction amount of species at different markets. It is believed that the conclusion drawn from this study would not only contribute to a long-lasted debate on the direction of causality of price-setting among academic circle and fishing community, but would provide a useful standard for the policy makers in charge of the price-setting of fisheries products as well.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.512-521
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 정보 서비스 기획 단계에서 시맨틱 기반으로 NDSL+NTIS 데이터베이스를 융 복합하여 국가R&D정보 내비게이션 서비스를 개발하기 위한 사용자 니즈 분석과 정보 시각화에 대해 알아본다. 사용자 니즈를 조사 분석하기 위해 산 학 연 연구자 중심으로 30명의 설문과 12명의 현장 인터뷰를 통해 여러 R&D 정보 서비스로부터 개선 방안을 마련하였다. 또한 새로운 정보 시각화 서비스를 설계하기 위해 대화형 내비게이션 타입의 국가R&D 정보 시각화 서비스를 제안하고 사용자 니즈 분석에 따라 페르소나와 화면 프로토타입을 작성하였다. 본 논문에서는 345,411건의 학술 논문과 620,55건의 공저자, 49,958건의 연구보고서를 NDSL에서 가져오고 187,466건의 국가R&D 과제를 NTIS에서 가져와서 융합하는 국가 R&D정보 융 복합 아키텍처를 설계하였다. 향후 본 논문에서 제안한 국가R&D정보 융 복합 아키텍처가 R&D 정보 융 복합의 선도 모델 및 표준이 되고 대화형 내비게이션 타입의 정보시각화 서비스가 사용성을 크게 향상시키기를 기대한다.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2020

개발도상국에서 직업기술교육훈련이 각광받고 있는 이유는 일반교육보다 직업기술교육훈련이 상대적으로 사회적 유용도가 높고 일자리와 생산성 그리고 경제성장과 높은 상관성을 가지고 있다고 여겨 지기 때문이다. 그러나 일반교육 분야에서는 교사나 교원교육에 대한 주제와 관련된 연구들이 폭넓게 진행되고 있는데 반해, 직업기술교육훈련 분야에서는 일반이론이나 모형개발에 필요한 사례연구 등에 대한 학계의 관심이 아직 제한적인 것으로 보인다. 이에 본 연구에서는 네팔의 직업기술교육훈련 교사들이 교직을 수행해 나가는데 필요하다고 생각하는 훈련 과목(training module)에 대해 훈련생 본인들이 스스로 인식하는 '현재 상태'와 '기대수준(중요도)'을 각각 측정하였다. 이어 해당 지표 간의 격차를 바탕으로 훈련 프로그램 우선순위를 구분함으로써 향후 직업기술교육훈련 교사의 훈련 또는 연수 프로그램 개발 및 이를 제도적으로 뒷받침할 수 있는 정책을 설계하는데 유용한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 조사를 통해, 총 29개의 훈련 과목에 대한 보리치(Borich) 요구도를 분석한 결과, '7. NCS 기반의 교육과정 개발(4.82)'의 요구도 점수가 가장 높게 나타났으며, '15. NCS 기반 TVET 교육 프로그램 평가(4.79)', '6. 교육 요구분석 및 교육과정 개발(4.56)', '11. TVET 정책 및 인사 관리(4.56)', '12. TVET 훈련교사 리더십 역량 개발(4.38)' 과목들이 뒤를 이었다. 더불어 The Locus for Focus 모델을 적용해 우선순위 항목들로 지목된 교육과목들을 재검정한 결과, '6. 교육 요구분석 및 교육과정 개발', '7. NCS 기반의 교육과정 개발', 그리고 '1. TVET 훈련교사의 직업 특성 (역할, 직업 윤리 등)' 등이 이상적 수준의 우선순위 훈련 과목으로 최종 분류되었다.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2004

금융비용 자본화와 관련된 기업회계기준이 개정되어 2003년부터 자산 취득관련 금융비용을 종전처럼 자본화하는 방법과 당기비용으로 처리하는 방법 중 선택할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 거의 모든 기업이 2003년도 재무제표 작성시 금융비용에 대한 회계선택을 할 수 밖에 없었다. 본 연구는 금융비용 자본화에 대한 회계기준이 개정되어 2003년도에 일시에 회계선택의 의사결정을 해야 하는 상황에서 기업의 어떤 재무적 특성이 회계선택에 영향을 미쳤는지 실증 검증함으로써 특정 재무비율을 조정하기 위하여 회계정책을 선택하는지의 여부를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 표본기업 중 약 49%에 해당하는 기업이 2003년에 금융비용을 자본화하는 방법에서 당기비용처리로 변경하여 자본화 회계정책을 유지한 기업과 당기비용으로 변경한 기업의 수가 비슷하였다. 그러나 업종간에는 회계선택 유형에 유의한 차이가 존재하였다. 기업의 재무적 특성변수를 부채비율 증감, 차입금 비율, 자본화대상자산의 비율, 기업규모 및 이익유연화의 5 가지로 하여 자본화 기업과 비용화 기업간의 차이분석을 수행한 결과 자본화대상자산의 비율에서만 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 어떤 재무적 특성변수가 금융비용 자본화의 회계선택에 영향을 미쳤는지 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였는데, 분석결과 자본화대상자산 비율과 기업규모 변수만 회계선택에 유의한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 한편 업종별로 구분한 분석결과에서는 전반적으로 재무적 특성이 업종간 회계선택의 차이점을 설명해 주지 못하였다. 따라서 금융비용을 자본화하는 회계처리 방법과 당기비용으로 회계처리하는 방법간에 재무제표에 미치는 영향은 다를 것으로 예상되지만, 기업이 특정 재무비율을 조정하기 위해서 회계선택을 하고 있다는 증거를 발견하지는 못하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.185-202
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• 2012

오늘날 정보사회에서는 정보에 대한 가치를 인식하고, 이를 위한 정보의 활용과 수집이 중요해지고 있다. 얼굴 표정은 그림 하나가 수천개의 단어를 표현할 수 있듯이 수천 개의 정보를 지니고 있다. 이에 주목하여 최근 얼굴 표정을 통해 사람의 감정을 판단하여 지능형 서비스를 제공하기 위한 시도가 MIT Media Lab을 필두로 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 전통적으로 기존 연구에서는 인공신경망, 중회귀분석 등의 기법을 통해 사람의 감정을 판단하는 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 중회귀모형은 예측 정확도가 떨어지고, 인공신경망은 성능은 뛰어나지만 기법 자체가 지닌 과적합화 문제로 인해 한계를 지닌다. 본 연구는 사람들의 자극에 대한 반응으로서 나타나는 얼굴 표정을 통해 감정을 추론해내는 지능형 모형을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다. 기존 얼굴 표정을 통한 지능형 감정판단모형을 개선하기 위하여, Support Vector Regression(이하 SVR) 기법을 적용하는 새로운 모형을 제시한다. SVR은 기존 Support Vector Machine이 가진 뛰어난 예측 능력을 바탕으로, 회귀문제 영역을 해결하기 위해 확장된 것이다. 본 연구의 제안 모형의 목적은 사람의 얼굴 표정으로부터 쾌/불쾌 수준 그리고 몰입도를 판단할 수 있도록 설계되는 것이다. 모형 구축을 위해 사람들에게 적절한 자극영상을 제공했을 때 나타나는 얼굴 반응들을 수집했고, 이를 기반으로 얼굴 특징점을 도출 및 보정하였다. 이후 전처리 과정을 통해 통계적 유의변수를 추출 후 학습용과 검증용 데이터로 구분하여 SVR 모형을 통해 학습시키고, 평가되도록 하였다. 다수의 일반인들을 대상으로 수집된 실제 데이터셋을 기반으로 제안모형을 적용해 본 결과, 매우 우수한 예측 정확도를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러, 중회귀분석이나 인공신경망 기법과 비교했을 때에도 본 연구에서 제안한 SVR 모형이 쾌/불쾌 수준 및 몰입도 모두에서 더 우수한 예측성과를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 얼굴 표정에 기반한 감정판단모형으로서 SVR이 상당히 효과적인 수단이 될 수 있다는 점을 알 수 있었다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제6권
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• pp.46-58
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was to find out the state of the nursing performance of the home care nurses in Seoul in order to provide the data for the practical work guide. The data were collected from fifty home care nurses working in 22 institutions located in Seoul. The research tool used for this research was modified and tested by Song Jong-Rye(1999) which was originally modified the standard tool of American Nurses Association (1998) and was partly supplement and adjusted for this research. The reliability of this tool was Cronbach's $\alpha$=.0982. The collected data were statistically processed using SAS for t-test, ANOVA. $Scheff\'{e}$ test. Among the surveyees, 50% have been working as a home care nurse more than three years and 74.0% of them were married. And 52% have B.S degree with certification of home care nurse from the certification program for Home Care Nurses affiliated at nursing schools. Half of the home care nursing organizations were based on the general hospitals, and most(78%) of the responsible senior personnels of those organizations were nurses. The following results are drawn from this research. 1) The level of nursing performance by the task sectors General performance level of home care nurses was relatively high in grade of 3.06 from total 4.00. Among the task sectors. the ethical field scored the highest points, and the next were nursing intervention, professional training, and data gathering, and the research sector scored the lowest point. 2) The level of nursing performance by general features of home care nurses Statistically relevant correlation between performance according to the duration of working experience as a nurse(p=0.8951) and performance according to the duration of working as home care nurse(p=0.2263) did not emerge. Also, performance by marriage status(p=0.2218), education(p=0.5733), and taking the certification program for home card nurse(p =0.1560) has no statistically meaningful correlation. 3) The level of nursing performance by the type of home care nursing organizations There exists a significant difference(p=0.002) between performances by the types of organizations. Most of the responsible senior personnels of the home care nursing organization were nurses. The level of nursing performance of the home care nursing organization under nurse management was relatively higher than that of home care nursing organizations led by medical doctors or non-medical professional, but this was not proved as statistically meaningful(p =0.3617). 4) The level of nursing performance by task sectors according to the characteristic of home care nursing service organization There exists a significant difference between nursing performances by task sectors according to the characteristics of home care nursing organization(p=0.002). In case of model research center of one College of Nursing, the nursing performance in the sectors of organization, theory, and data gathering were lower than that of in hospital based home care nursing service. And in case of local home care centers, performances in sectors of organization, theory, data gathering, nursing intervention. professional training, and research sectors were significantly low. Based on the obtained results, overall performance of home care nurses can be appraised as relatively good. Especially, performances in sectors of the nursing intervention, nursing plan. and data gathering including the in direct nursing were recorded high scores. From this, it can be concluded that high quality of nursing is relatively practicing for home patients at these days. Since the high quality of nursing for patients was directly related to the level of nursing performances of home care nurses, it is required to improve practical performance level of them by making constant evaluation and running continual education program and supplementing curriculum for the sectors with low scores.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.7-29
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• 2010

The form of the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda site is that of the traditional form of the wooden pagodas constructed during the Baekjae Period. Likewise, it is an important ruin for conducting research on the form and type of the wooden pagodas constructed during the Baekjae Period. In particular, the method used for the installation of the central pillar's cornerstone is a new technique. The purpose of this research is to restore the ruin of the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda of the Baekjae Period that remains at the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda site. Until now, research conducted on the wooden pagoda took place mostly centered on the Hwangryongsa Temple's wooden pagoda. Meanwhile, the reality concerning Baekjae's wooden pagoda is one in which there were not many parallel cases pertain to the design for restoration. This research paper wants to conduct academic examination of the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda to organize the intention of design and design process in a simple manner. This research included review of the Baekjae Period's wooden pagoda related ruins and the review of the existing wooden pagoda ruin to analyze the wooden pagoda construction technique of the era. Then, current status of the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda site is identified to define the characteristics of the wooden pagoda, and to set up the layout format and the measure to estimate the size of the wooden pagoda in order to design each part. Ultimately, techniques and formats used for the restoration of the wooden pagoda were aligned with the wooden pagoda of the Baekjae Period. Basically, conditions that can be traced from the current status of the Wangheungsa Temple site excavation using the primary standards as the standard. Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda was designed into the wooden pagoda of the Baekjae's prosperity phase. The plane was formed into $3{\times}3$ compartments to design into three tier pagoda. The height was decided by factoring in the distance between the East-West corridors, size of the compartment in the middle, and the view that is visible from above the terrace when entering into the waterway. Basically, the origin of the wooden structure format is based on the Goguryeo style, but also the linkage with China's southern regional styles and Japan's ancient wooden pagoda methods was factored in. As for the format of the central pillar, it looks as if the column that was erected after digging the ground was used when setting up the columns in the beginning. During the actual construction work of the wooden pagoda, central pillar looks as if it was erected by setting up the cornerstone on the ground. The reason that the reclaimed part of pillar that use the underground central cornerstone as the support was not utilized, was because the Eccentric Load of the central pillar's cornerstone was factored in the state of the layers of soil piled up one layer at a time that is repeated with the yellow clay and sandy clay and the yellow clay that were formed separately with the $80cm{\times}80cm$ angle at the upper part of the central pillar's cornerstone was factored in as well. Thus, it was presumed that the central pillar was erected in the actual design using the ground style format. It is possible to presume the cases in which the reclaimed part of pillar were used when constructed for the first time, but in which central pillar was installed later on, after the supplementary materials of the underground column is corroded. In this case, however, technique in which soil is piled up one layer at a time to lay down the foundation of a building structure cannot be the method used in that period, and the reclamation cannot fill up using the $80cm{\times}80cm$ angle. Thus, it was presumed that the layers of soil for building structure's foundation was solidified properly on top of the central pillar's cornerstone when the first wooden pagoda construction work was taking place, and that the ground style central pillar was erected on its upper part by placing the cornerstone once again. Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda is significant from the structure development aspect of the Korean wooden pagodas along with the Hwangryongsa Temple's wooden pagoda. Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda construction technique which was developed during the prosperity phase of the Baekjae Period is presumed to have served as a role model for the construction of the Iksan Mireuksa Temple's wooden pagoda and Hwangryongsa Temple's wooden pagoda. With the plan to complement the work further by excavating more, the basic wooden pagoda model was set up for this research. Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda was constructed as at the Baekjae Kingdom wide initiative, and it was the starting point for the construction of superb pagoda using state of the art construction techniques of the era during the Baekjae's prosperous years, amidst the utmost interest of all the Baekjae populace. Starting out from its inherent nature of enshrining Sakyamuni's ashes, it served as the model that represented the unity of all the Baekjae populace and the spirit of the Baekjae people. It interpreted these in the most mature manner on the Korean peninsula at the time.

• 한국산학경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학경영학회 2004년도 추계학술연구발표회
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• pp.55-72
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• 2004

금융비용 자본화와 관련된 기업회계기준이 개정되어 2003년부터 자산 취득관련 금융비용을 종전처럼 자본화하는 방법과 당기비용으로 처리하는 방법 중 선택할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 거의 모든 기업이 2003년도 재무제표 작성시 금융비용에 대한 회계선택을 할 수밖에 없었다. 본 연구는 금융비용 자본화에 대한 회계기준이 개정되어 2003년도에 일시에 회계선택의 의사결정을 해야 하는 상황에서 기업의 어떤 재무적 특성이 회계선택에 영향을 미쳤는지 실증 검증함으로써 특정 재무비율을 조정하기 위하여 회계정책을 선택하는지의 여부를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 표본기업 중 약 49%에 해당하는 기업이 2003년에 금융비용을 자본화하는 방법에서 당기비용처리로 변경하여 자본화 회계정책을 유지한 기업과 당기비용으로 변경한 기업의 수가 비슷하였다. 그러나 업종간에는 회계선택 유형에 유의한 차이가 존재하였다. 기업의 재무적 특성변수를 부채비율 증감, 차입금 비율, 자본화대상자산의 비율, 기업규모 및 이익유연화의 5 가지로 하여 자본화 기업과 비용화 기업간의 차이분석을 수행한 결과 자본화대상자산의 비율에서만 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 어떤 재무적 특성변수가 금융비용 자본화의 회계선택에 영향을 미쳤는지 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였는데, 분석결과 자본화대상자산 비율과 기업규모 변수만 회계선택에 유의한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 한편 업종별로 구분한 분석결과에서는 전반적으로 재무적 특성이 업종간 회계선택의 차이점을 설명해 주지 못하였다. 따라서 금융비용을 자본화하는 회계처리 방법과 당기비용으로 회계 처리하는 방법 간에 재무제표에 미치는 영향은 다를 것으로 예상되지만, 기업이 특정 재무비율을 조정하기 위해서 회계선택을 하고 있다는 증거를 발견하지는 못하였다.달팽이에서는 거의 검출되지 않은 반면 왕우렁이에서 다소 높게 검출되었다. 중성지질의 지방산 조성은 식용달팽이 경우 $C_{18:2}(16.80{\sim}17.74%)$, $C_{20:2} (12.15{\sim}12.59%)$, $C_{18:1}(9.79{\sim}10.37%)$ 및 $C_{18:0}(7.71{\sim}12.43%)$과 $C_{16:0}$, $C_{20:4}$ 함량이 많으나 그밖에 melanic type에서 $C_{18:3}(20.90%)$ 함량이 매우 높았으며, 또한 polyene산 함량도 가장 높게 나타났다. 왕우렁이는 $C_{16:0}(16.96{\sim}17.46%)$, $C_{18:1}(13.79{\sim}13.95%)$, $C_{18:2}(12.90{\sim}15.70%)$ 및 $C_{18:0}$, $C_{20:4}$, $C_{22:6}$이 주성분으로 type별로 그 조성이 비슷하였다. 당지질은 식용달팽이 경우 $C_{18:2}(19.01{\sim}19.72%)$, $C_{16:0}(12.89{\sim}18.76%)$, $C_{18:0}(12.68{\sim}17.52%)$와 $C_{18:1}$이 주요 지방산이었으나 이중 $C_{16:0}$, $C_{18:0}$이 melanic type에 다소 높은 반면 $C_{22:1}$이 albi

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Purpose - In general, researchers try to abide by the code of research ethics, but many of them are not fully aware of plagiarism, unintentionally committing the research misconduct when they write a research paper. This research aims to introduce researchers a clear and easy guideline at a conference, which helps researchers avoid accidental plagiarism by addressing the issue. This research is expected to contribute building a climate and encouraging creative research among scholars. Research design, data, methodology & Results - Plagiarism is considered a sort of research misconduct along with fabrication and falsification. It is defined as an improper usage of another author's ideas, language, process, or results without giving appropriate credit. Plagiarism has nothing to do with examining the truth or accessing value of research data, process, or results. Plagiarism is determined based on whether a research corresponds to widely-used research ethics, containing proper citations. Within academia, plagiarism goes beyond the legal boundary, encompassing any kind of intentional wrongful appropriation of a research, which was created by another researchers. In summary, the definition of plagiarism is to steal other people's creative idea, research model, hypotheses, methods, definition, variables, images, tables and graphs, and use them without reasonable attribution to their true sources. There are various types of plagiarism. Some people assort plagiarism into idea plagiarism, text plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, and idea distortion. Others view that plagiarism includes uncredited usage of another person's work without appropriate citations, self-plagiarism (using a part of a researcher's own previous research without proper citations), duplicate publication (publishing a researcher's own previous work with a different title), unethical citation (using quoted parts of another person's research without proper citations as if the parts are being cited by the current author). When an author wants to cite a part that was previously drawn from another source the author is supposed to reveal that the part is re-cited. If it is hard to state all the sources the author is allowed to mention the original source only. Today, various disciplines are developing their own measures to address these plagiarism issues, especially duplicate publications, by requiring researchers to clearly reveal true sources when they refer to any other research. Conclusions - Research misconducts including plagiarism have broad and unclear boundaries which allow ambiguous definitions and diverse interpretations. It seems difficult for researchers to have clear understandings of ways to avoid plagiarism and how to cite other's works properly. However, if guidelines are developed to detect and avoid plagiarism considering characteristics of each discipline (For example, social science and natural sciences might be able to have different standards on plagiarism.) and shared among researchers they will likely have a consensus and understanding regarding the issue. Particularly, since duplicate publications has frequently appeared more than plagiarism, academic institutions will need to provide pre-warning and screening in evaluation processes in order to reduce mistakes of researchers and to prevent duplicate publications. What is critical for researchers is to clearly reveal the true sources based on the common citation rules and to only borrow necessary amounts of others' research.