• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of self-sit-to-stand training on balance ability and sit-to-stand ability in hemiplegic stroke patients using a multisensory feedback device. Methods: A total of 19 stroke patients participated in this study, and they were divided into two groups: 10 underwent self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device, and 9 underwent sit-to-stand training with a physical therapist. In both groups, sit-to-stand training was performed for 30 min, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. The subjects also underwent physical therapy twice a day for 30 min, 10 times a week, for a total of 60 sessions. Balance ability was evaluated using the AFA-50 and Berg Balance Scale. Sit-to-stand ability was evaluated using the five times sit-to-stand test. Results: Sway length, pressure, and total pressure all significantly increased in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. The Berg Balance Scale results showed that balance ability significantly increased in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. The five times sit-to-stand test results showed that sit-to-stand ability significantly increased in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. It was found that the self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device had a positive effect on balance control and sit-to-stand ability. When the two groups were compared, no difference in balance ability or sit-to-stand ability was observed. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device is as effective as sit-to-stand training with a physical therapist. Hence, self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device could be an effective home-based exercise protocol for hemiplegic stroke patients to improve their balance and sit-to-stand abilities.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the balance ability between subjects with chronic ankle instability and normal people and the center of pressure displacement during the sit to stand and stand to sit. Methods : The subjects of this study were 63 who met the inclusion criteria and were classified into normal group (n=33) and chronic ankle instability group (n=30). The displacement of the center of pressure during sit to stand and stand to sit was measured. And the limit of stability and Y-balance tests were performed to measure the balance ability. Independent t-test was conducted to compare center of pressure displacement and balance ability between groups, and pearson correlation was conducted to analyze the correlation between the center of pressure displacement and balance ability. Results : In the case of the center of pressure displacement, there was a significant difference between the two groups during sit to stand and stand to sit. In the case of balance, both limit of stability and Y-balance test showed significant differences between the two groups. At the time of sit to stand, the center of pressure displacement showed a significant correlation with balance abilities, and at the time of stand to sit, the center of pressure displacement showed a significant correlation with Y-balance test. Conclusion : Chronic ankle instability shows that there is a lot of sway in the body due to compensation to replace the decrease in ankle joint range of motion when performing sit to stand and stand to sit due to sensory input damage such as decrease in ankle range of motion and decrease in ankle proprioception. Chronic ankle instability is expected to have a negative effect on our daily lives in life. The results of this study will serve as the basis for the dynamic approach to objective evaluation, treatment, and prevention of chronic ankle instability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.59-68
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of visual and auditory biofeedback during sit-to-stand training in patients with stroke. METHODS: Thirty-five subjects with chronic stroke were divided into three groups: a visual feedback group (12 subjects), an auditory feedback group (12 subjects) and a control group (11 subjects). All Groups received neurodevelopmental treatment, and sit-to-stand training for 30minutes three times a week for four weeks. During the sit to stand training, the experimental groups received visual feedback and auditory feedback, whereas the control group performed sit-to-stand training without feedback. Five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), motion analysis and postural sway during sit-to-stand were used to evaluate sit to stand performance ability. In addition, Berg balance scale (BBS) was performed for evaluation of balance function in participants. RESULTS: All groups showed significant increase on FTSST and BBS between pre- and post-intervention. The BBS scores in visual feedback group was significant increase than control group. The motion analysis and postural sway, more improvement was observed in the visual and auditory feedback groups compared with the control group. The only visual feedback group was a better performance of midline excursion during sit-to-stand than control group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that sit-to-stand training using a biofeedback may help to improve sit to stand performance and balance ability of stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of repetitive sit to stand training to improve knee extensor strength and walking ability of total knee replacement patients. Methods: In this study, 12 patients with total knee replacement patients were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital. They were divided into two groups: a repetitive sit to stand group (n=6) and a control group (n=6). They all received 30 minutes of continuous passive motion (CPM). After that, the repetitive sit to stand group performed repetitive sit to stand training, and the control group performed resistance exercise for 15 minutes five times a week for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of training, knee extensor strength and spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured. Knee extensor strength was measured by Biodex system 3, walking ability was measured by Biodex gait trainer 2. Paired t test was performed to verify the difference between before and after intervention within the group, and analysis of covariance was used to verify the differences between the two groups. Results: After the training periods, the repetitive sit to stand group showed a significant improvement in knee extensor muscle strength, walking speed, step length of the operated side, and step length of the non-operated side (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that repetitive sit to stand training was more effective in improving knee extensor muscle strength and walking ability. Therefore, to strengthen knee extensor muscles and improve the walking ability of total knee replacement patients, it is necessary to consider repetitive sit to stand training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the center of pressure (COP) and ground reaction force (GRF) characteristics during each task-oriented sit-to-stand in stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty stroke subjects were included in this study. The task consisted of sit-to-stand (SS), sit-to-stand for reaching (SR), and sit-to-stand for walking (SW). The response time, COP, and GRF were measured during each task. The COP and GRF data were obtained using a two-force plate. The force plates were placed on a chair (below the buttock) and floor (below the feet). RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between SS (1.48 ± .48 s) and SR (2.09 ± 0.82 s) and between SS and SW (2.27 ± .72 s) in the preparatory phase time during each sit-to-stand exercise (p = .002) and showed significant differences between SS (13.90 ± 6.44 cm) and SW (34.62 ± 39.38 cm) and between SR (16.14 ± 8.04 cm) and SW in the mediolateral COP range during each sit-to-stand exercise (p = .013). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that more complex task-oriented sit-to-stand exercise requires a high-level motor programming process than a simple sit-to-stand task. Therefore, a variety of tasks-oriented sit-to-stand exercises will be useful training to achieve better ADL ability for stroke patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2017

Purpose : This research intends to identify the effects of game-based weight bearing exercises on balance, muscular activation, sit to stand to sit motions of stroke patients. Method : 30 patients who were diagnosed as hemiplegia by stroke less in than a year were sampled and they were classified into two group, one of which was game-based weight bearing balance exercise group, and the other was functional weight bearing exercise group. 15 people were randomly selected for each group. Each exercise was coordinated by this research for 8 weeks, 5 days a week. 3D motion analyzer was used to measure the sit to stand to sit motions and a stopwatch was used to measure the time for stand-up motions for 5 times. Result : In terms of analyzing sit to stand to sit motions by phases, game-based weight bearing balance exercise group showed significant reduction compared to functional weight-bearing exercise group in phase I, II, III, IV and total time. In terms of functional stand-up performance analysis, game-based weight bearing balance exercise group showed significant reduction compared to functional weight-bearing exercise group in 5 times stand-up examination. Conclusion : It was verified that game-based weight bearing balance exercise had positive impact on function recovery of stroke patients by enhancing sit to stand to sit capabilities. It is considered that game-based exercise was an effective intermediary for functional improvement of stroke patients, while also inducing consistent and voluntary participation by causing interest and motivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study was to provide reference data and examine stroke and healty older differences in sit-to-stand test. This study were to determine utility of the 5 repetition sit to stand for discriminating between fallers and non-fallers, identifying an appropriate cutoff score to delineate between the groups. METHODS: Ninety-five participants were recruited. Seventy-two individuals with stroke and twenty-three healthy older agreed to participate in the study. Falls were recorded using a self-administered questionnaire. The 5 repetition sit to stand test measured the time taken to complete t repetitions of the sit to stand maneuver. The time from the initial seated position to the final seated position after completing five stands was the test measure. A cutoff score regarding 5 repetition sit to stand performance in fallers vs. non-fallers, stroke patients vs. healthy older and <60 vs. $$\geq_-$$ age groups was determined using and ROC curve. RESULTS: Cutoff score of 9.9 seconds were found to be discriminatory between healthy older and subjects with stroke. Cutoff score of 15.5 seconds were found to be discriminatory between fallers and non-fallers. Cutoff score of 18.3 seconds were found to be discriminatory between <60 and $$\geq_-$$ age groups. CONCLUSION: The 5-repetition sit-to stand test is quick, easily administered measure useful for gross determination of fall risk in people with stroke.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to verify the effectiveness of sit-to-stand training with visual feedback to improve balance ability and knee extensor strength of total knee replacement patients. Methods: In this study, 15 patients with total knee replacement participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to two groups: a feedback group (experimental group)(n = 8) and a control group (n = 7). They all received 30 min of continuous passive motion (CPM) and sit-to-stand training for 15 min five times per week for two weeks. Knee extensor and balance ability were measured. Knee extensor was measured by Biodex system 3; balance ability was measured by Balancia software. Results: After the intervention, there was a significant difference in the strengthening of the knee extensor muscles in the feedback group, area 95%, weight distribution of the affected side, and the sit-to-stand test repeated five times (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that sit-to-stand training with visual feedback was more effective in increasing knee extensor muscle strength and balance ability than the sit-to-stand training without visual feedback. Therefore, in order to improve the knee extensor muscle and the balance of total knee replacement patients, it is necessary to consider providing visual feedback during sit-to-stand training.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in movement strategies of lower limb joints depending on the type of heel during sit-to-stand. Methods: Twenty healthy females participated in this study. All subjects performed sit-to-stand three times each with three different types of heels - bare feet, 9 cm high-heeled shoes, and unstable shoes. Trails were conducted in random order. Three-dimensional motion analysis systems were used for collection and analysis of the kinematic data of lower limb movements. Results: Results of this study showed kinematic differences in pelvis, hip joints, knee joints, and ankle joints during sit-to-stand based on the type of heels. At the initial sit-to-stand, hip joint flexion, knee joint flexion, ankle joint flexion, and ankle joint inversion showed significant differences. The maximal angles of hip joint flexion, hip joint adduction, knee joint flexion, ankle joint flexion, and ankle joint inversion were significantly different, while hip joint adduction, pelvic forward tilt, hip joint rotation, knee joint flexion, ankle joint flexion, and ankle joint inversion differed significantly during the terminal of sit-to-stand. Conclusion: Therefore, the type of heel played an important role in selection of lower limb movements during sit-to-stand which were essential parts of daily life movements.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2023

In the elderly population, sarcopenia occurs due to physical aging, leading to movement restrictions and loss of function. This results in dependence on daily activities and limitations in participation, ultimately decreasing the overall quality of life. In this study, we propose an algorithm designed to enable patients with sarcopenia to perform sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements seamlessly in their daily lives. The algorithm incorporates a wearable robot for muscle support and includes algorithms for standing and seated muscle strength support. To validate the algorithm's performance, EMG sensors were attached to the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris muscles. The participants underwent two scenarios: one without wearing the device and one with the device providing muscle strength support, performing sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit motions for one minute in each case. The results showed a 16% increase in the EMG peak value of the Rectus Femoris muscle during standing motion (p=0.009). On the right side, there was a roughly 20% decrease (p=0.018) during standing and a 21% decrease (p=0.014) during sitting motion. In the future, we aim to gather additional data to further refine the algorithm. Our goal is to develop an optimal muscle strength support algorithm based on this data, making it applicable for real-life use by patients with sarcopenia.