• Title/Summary/Keyword: Stainless needle

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A Review on the Characteristics of Temperature Variation in Warm Needle (온침의 온도변화 특성에 대한 문헌 고찰 연구)

  • Lee, Ju Hyun;Jo, Hyo Rim;Kim, Seon Hye;Lee, Yeon Sun;Park, Se Won;Moon, So Ri;Jung, Chan Yung;Sung, Won Suk;Cho, Hyun Seok;Kim, Kyung Ho;Lee, Byung Wook;Kim, Eun-Jung
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.112-138
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study is to organize the research methods and results of studies related to the temperature of the warm needle for systematic utilization of warm needling technique. Methods: This study used the databases of nine (Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, 4 Korean databases, CNKI, CiNii) to analyze temperature-related studies of the warm needle from 2000 to June 2019. Results: A total of 19 papers were included. Of these, 15 were used for mugwort, 2 for high frequency, and 1 for both mugwort and high frequency, and the other one for a ceramic heater. The maximum temperature rises as the amount of moxibustion increases. It is also affected by the density of moxa and the ignition part. There were 16 papers using stainless steel needles and 4 papers using a needle made of gold or silver to compare. In the area of the needle, the closer it is to moxibustion, the hotter it is. Compared to stainless steel needles, gold and silver needles showed almost twice the temperature. The effects of environment and radiant heat should be considered during warm needle procedures. Conclusions: There are various experimental methods such as warm needle technique materials, methods, measuring parts, measuring instruments, etc. The results were also very diverse. When setting the heating source, ignition part, size of moxibustion, etc. of warm needles, it should be implemented in a way that takes safety and validity into account. Considerations for temperature characteristics, radiant heat, etc. of warm needles will be needed when making warm needle apparatus.

THE EFFECT OF LIGATION METHOD ON THE FRICTIONAL FORGE BETWEEN ORTHODONTIC BRACKET AND ARCHWIRE (결찰양식이 교정용 브라켓과 교정선 사이의 마찰력에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Hyun-Jeong;Kwon, Oh-Won;Kim, Kyo-Han
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.28 no.5 s.70
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    • pp.813-823
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    • 1998
  • The frictional force has been considered as an harmful factor in an active unit where tooth movement occurs, but as an advantageous factor in anchor unit that resist tooth movement. That is, efficient tooth movement is planned by using ligation methods that have low levels of bracket-wire frictional force and the anchorage control can be achieved by using ligation methods that have high levels of bracket-wire frictional force that result in binding of the bracket accompanied by little or no tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frictional force generated between bracket and wire in accordance with the methods of ligation, the material of ligation and the passage of time under artificial saliva. Tested were 0.017x0.022 inch stainless steel wires in standard edgewise twin brackets for upper central incisors in a 0.018-inch slot. The wires were ligated into the brackets with elastomeric modules and stainless steel ligatures. Whole tie, half tie, twisting tie and double overlay tie were done with elastomeric modules. With 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature whole tie and half tie were done by needle holder and whole tie by ligature tying plier. With 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature whole ties were done by needle holder. Whole tie groups of elastomeric module were kept in artificial saliva bath at $37^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. The frictional force was recorded by means of an Instron universial testing instrument (4202 INSTRON, Instron Co., U.S.A.) at initial, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results for ligated samples in a simulated oral environment revealed the fellowing : ${\cdot}$In elastomeric module whole tie, 28 days group was significantly greater mean static frictional force than any other group but there were no significant differences among any other group (p>0.05). ${\cdot}$Elastomeric module twisting ties were significantly greater mean static frictional forces than any other ligation method but there were no significant differences between twisting tie and double overlay tie (p>0.05). Twisting tie, double overlay tie, whole tie, half tie showed differences in decreasing order. ${\cdot}$Stainless steel half tie produced lower mean static frictional force than whole tie, ligation by ligature tying plier produced greater mean static frictional force than by needle holder and ligation with 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature produced greater mean static frictional force than with 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature (p<0.05). ${\cdot}$There were no significant differences between the mean static frictional forces of elastomeric whole tie and stainless steel whole tie (p>0.05).

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Experimental Interpretation of Heat Transmits Pattern on Warm Needling (온침의 열전달 특성에 대한 실험적 해석)

  • Yang, Seung-Bum;Park, Soon-Jae;Lee, Jae-Gun;Jung, Ji-Chul;Kim, Jae-Hyo
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.109-115
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    • 2017
  • Objectives : Many researches have studied warm needling technique to standardize its treatment by temperature measurement and material differences in the effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to compare the temperature changes of the acupuncture needle shaft during the combustion process of the moxa stick to determine the heat transfer pattern of the warn needling. Methods : A moxa stick($7{\times}8mm$) was connected to one side of the needle shaft using a stainless steel needle(ø 0.3 mm, ø 0.5 mm, ø 0.8 mm, shaft length 40 mm) with the needle handle removed. During the warm needling, temperature changes of the needle shaft were observed with an infrared camera(Flir E30) and an infrared thermometer(TESTO 845). Results : In the normal condition, heat transmit of needle shaft increased at spots 10 mm and 25 mm below the moxa stick. The amount of heat transmit increased with the diameter of needle shaft. However, when the heat shield was installed to exclude radiant heat from the moxa stick, heat transfer was less at 10 mm below the moxa stick and no temperature change was observed at 25 mm below the moxa stick. Heat transfer by warm needling does not reach the end of needle shaft even in ø 0.8 mm needle. Conclusions : It is suggested that the radiant heat of moxa stick results in the heat transmit of acupuncture needle shaft. Thus, radiant heat transmit must be considered as one of the heat transfer characteristics of the warm needling.

Experiment on the Polish Condition of Needle Electrode on the Insulation Properties of Gas Mixtures (침전극 가공상태에 따른 혼합가스의 절연특성에 관한 실험)

  • Go, Yeon-Seong;Yeo, Dong-Goo;Seo, Ho-Joon;Lee, Dong-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.339-340
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    • 2006
  • AC spark discharge voltage of SF6/CO2and SF6/N2 containing various mixed rate in volume percent (1, 5 and 10%) of SF6 in non-uniform fields are investigated. The needle to plane electrode gap spacing was 5 and 10 mm, and the gas pressure was varied within the range of 0.1~0.7 MPa. We have observed a N-characteristic typical for the electronegative gases even in gas mixtures of 1% SF6 with CO2 and N2 as buffer gases. Especially, the materials of the needle electrode affect the insulation properties of the gas mixtures drastically. On the contrary to the case of needle electrodes made by mild steel or high carbon steel, the N-characteristics are hardly perceived in the case of stainless steel needle in this experiment.

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Discharge Characteristics of SF6 Mixture Gases due to Processing Status of needle electrode under Non-Uniform Fields (불평등 전계 하에서의 침전극 가공상태에 따른 SF6혼합가스의 방전특성)

  • Go, Y.S.;Seo, H.J.;Rhie, D.H.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2006.10a
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    • pp.198-199
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    • 2006
  • AC spark discharge voltage of SF6/C02and SF6/N2 containing various mixed rate in volume percent (1, 5 and 10%) of SF6 in non-uniform fields are investigated. The needle to plane electrode gap spacing was 5 and 10 mm, and the gas pressure was varied within the range of 0.1${\sim}$0.7 MPa. We have observed a N-characteristic typical for the electronegative gases even in gas mixtures of 1% SF6 with CO2 and N2 as buffer gases. Especially, the materials of the needle electrode affect the insulation properties of the gas mixtures drastically. On the contrary to the case of needle electrodes made by mild steel or high carbon steel, the N-characteristics are hardly perceived in the case of stainless steel needle in this experiment.

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Development of Basic Techniques for Ultrasound-guided Follicular Aspiration II. Anesthesic Methods and Development of a Disposable Simplified Needle Guidance System for Ovum Pick-up (초음파유도 난포란 채취를 위한 기본 기술의 개발 II. 소의 마취방법과 채란기구의 개발)

  • 최민철;조성근;강태영;박준규;손우진;이효종
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.211-218
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    • 1997
  • This experiment was carried out to develop the anesthetic methods for ultrasonography and a new simplified disposable needle guidance device for ovum pick-up(OPU) in cows. Three different anesthetic methods were applied as. 1) epidural analgesia only with 2% lidocaine(20~30 ml), 2) epidural analgesia with 2% under general sedation with xylazine, 3) epidural analgesia with 2% lidocaine under general sedation with detomidine. We evaluated the anesthetic effects with items such as relaxation of anal sphincter, tail movement and rectal wall, retractability of both ovaries, additional anesthesia and possibility of OPU. Through this experiment, the above three anesthetic methods were applicable to OPU, but the epidural anlagesia under general sedation with detomldine was most effective for OPU. We developed a new disposable needle guidance device with stainless steel tube. With this, disposable needles can be easily attatchable to any other intravaginal probes. And also, it was found to he practical, economic and effective for OPU with the recovery rate of 51.2%.

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in Vitro Embryo Production Following Transvaginal Follicular Oocyte Aspiration from Holstein Cows Using a Simple Aspiration Apparatus (간이 난자채취기를 이용한 젖소로부터 난초란의 채취와 체외수정란의 생산)

  • 김일화;손동수;이호준;이동원;최선호;서국현;양병철;이광원
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.111-116
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    • 1997
  • The present study was carried out to produce in vitro fertilized embryos with immature follicular oocytes collected by transvaginal aspiration from Holstein cows. A simple aspiration apparatus consists of two stainless steel tubes, an inner tube (needle holder; 1.2cmdiameter, 55cm long) and an outer tube (1.5cm diameter, 4Scm long), and a hand-operated vacuum pump was used. Under epidural anesthesia, the needle guide was passed into the vagina of the cow to a point next to the cervix. An ovary was placed against the wall of the vagina over the end of the aspiration needle by rectal manipulation. As the needlepassed into the ovary, an assistant was asked to apply vacuum(l00mrnHg) and the ovary was manipulated back and forth in all directions over the needle. When all sites of the ovary was aspirated, the needle was withdrawn and the needle guide was moved to the other side of ovary and the procedure was repeated. When the oocyte aspiration procedure was finished, collected fluid was transported to laboratory. Oocytes surrounded with at least 1 layer of cumulus cells were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro. The results were as follows; Ninety seven oocytes were collected by transvaginal aspiration from seventeen Holstein cows(5.7 /head). The number of oocytes surrounded with at least 1 layer of cumulus cells were 60(61.9%). Following in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture, the cleavage and development rate to morula+blastocyst were 83.3% and 30.0%, respectively. From this study, transferable in vitro fertilized embryos could be produced with imma- ture follicular oocytes collected by transvaginal aspiration from Holstein cows using a simple aspiration apparatus.

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Dielectric Characteristics of SF$_6$ Gas in Non-uniform Fields (불평등전계중에서 SF$_6$ 가스의 절연특성)

  • 이복희;전덕규;이경옥;안창환;이창준
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 1997.04a
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    • pp.334-337
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    • 1997
  • This paper describes dielectric characteristics of SF$_{6}$ gas stressed by the non-oscillating and oscillating impulse voltages in inhomogeneous fields disturbed by metallic protrusion. The breakdown voltage-time (V-t) characteristics and breakdown voltage-gas pressure (V-p) characteristics and their characteristics are statistically investigated with positive and negative very fast transient overvoltages. The experiments were carried out using a needle-to-plane gap geometry in the gas pressure ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa. The gap separation gas 22 mm, and the needle-shaped protrusions were made of stainless steel 10 mm in length and 1.0 mm in diameter.r.

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Dielectric Characteristics of $SF_6$ Gas in Inhomogeneous Field (불평등 전계중에서 $SF_6$가스의 절연특성)

  • Lee, Chang-Jun;Lee, Bok-Hee
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1996.07c
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    • pp.1870-1872
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    • 1996
  • This paper presents dielectric characteristics of $SF_6$ gas stressed by the non-oscillating and oscillating impulse voltages in inhomogeneous fields disturbed by metallic protrusion. The propose of this investigation is to present the predischarge development and dielectric characteristics of $SF_6$ gas under VFTOs. The experiments were carried out using a needle-to-plane and two needles-to-plane gap geometries in the gas pressure ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa. The gap separation was 22 mm and the needle-shaped protrusions were made of stainless steel 10 mm in length and 1.0 mm in diameter. As a result, it was found that the breakdown mechanism and predischarge current are principally dependent on applied voltage waveform and polarity.

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Dielectric Characteristics of $SF_6$ Gas Stressed by VFTO in inhomogeneous Field (불평등전계중에서 VFTO에 의한 $SF_6$가스의 방전특성)

  • Lee, B.H.;Lee, C.J.;Ahn, C.H.;Lee, K.O.;Ha, S.C.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1996.11a
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    • pp.282-284
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    • 1996
  • This paper presents prebreakdown characteristics of $SF_6$ gas stressed by the non-oscillating and oscillating impulse voltages in inhomogeneous fields disturbed by metallic protrusion. The purpose of this investigation is to present the predischarge development and dielectric characteristics of $SF_6$ gas under VFTOs. The experiments were carried out using a needle-to-plane gap geometries in the gas pressure ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa. The gap separation was22 mm, and the needle-shaped protrusions were made of stainless steel 10 mm in length and 1.0 mm in diameter. As a result, it was found that the breakdown mechanism and predischarge current are principally dependent on applied voltage waveform and polarity.

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