• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.251-268
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• 2001

We arrived at the following conclusion after we have studied crohn's disease through the literatures of western and oriental medicine. 1. Crohn's disease has a characteristic of granulomatous necrosis and cicatricial inflammation which is called by segmental enteritis, granulomatous enteritis. This falls under the category of "Diarrhea", "Dysentery" and is similar to "small intestinal diarrhea", "acute temesmus", "splenic diarrhea" in oriental medicine. 2. In western medicine, the cause of crohn's disease indefinites, but it is presumed immunological unbalance of alimentary canal. In oriental medicine, it is summarized as the abnormal ascending and descending circulation of stomach and splenic energies, the hepatic stagnation, being the lower part of cleaning qi by exogenous disease, dyspeptic convulsion. 3. The presenting symptoms of crohn's disease are intermittent chronic diarrhea, fever, weight loss, abdominal spastic pain or abdominal discomfort. When anyone has a abdominal mass, a rectal abcess, and a rectal constriction by physical examination, we can doubt crohn's disease. 4. The methods of western medical treatment are a suppression of intestinal toxic contents and inflammatory mediator, a supply of nutritive substanceus to intestinal epithelial cell. Oriental medical treatments of these are "inducing diuresis", "warming kidney to reinforce yang", "nourishing qi to invigorate spleen", "eliminatin dampness by cooling" according to syndrome differentiations. As mentioned above, we can confirm possibility of oriental medical treatment that induces recovery of immunologic control function and we need advanced experiment, study, and clinical approach.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1452-1457
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• 2004

The water jet impingement cooling is one of the techniques to remove heat from high heat flux equipments. We investigate the local heat transfer of the confined water impinging jet and the effect of nozzle collar to enhance the heat transfer in the free surface jet and submerged jet. Boiling is initiated from the furthest downstream and the wall temperature increase is reduced with developing boiling, forming the flat temperature distributions. The reduction in the nozzle-to-surface distance for $H/W{\leq}1$ causes the significant increases and distribution changes in heat transfer. Developed boiling reduces the differences in heat transfer for various conditions. The nozzle collar is employed at the nozzle exit. The distances from heated surface to guide plate, $H_c$ are 0.25W, 0.5W and 1.0W. The liquid film thickness is reduced and the velocity of wall jet increase as decreased spacing of collar to heated surface. Heat transfer is enhanced for region from the stagnation to $x/W{\sim}8$ in the free surface jet and to $x/W{\sim}5$ in the submerged jet. For nucleate boiling region of further downstream, the heat transfer by the nozzle collar is decreased in submerged jet compare with higher velocity condition. It is because the increased velocity by collar is de-accelerated at downstream.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2009

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are a promising technology for short-term power generation required in residential and automobile applications. Proper management of water has been found to be essential for improving the performance and durability of PEM fuel cells. This study investigated the liquid water exhaust capabilities of various flow channels having different geometries and surface properties. Three-pass serpentine flow fields were prepared by patterning channels of 1 mm or 2 mm width onto hydrophilic Acrylic plates or hydrophobic Teflon plates, and the behaviors of liquid water in those flow channels were experimentally visualized. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were also conducted to quantitatively assess the liquid water exhaust capabilities of flow channels for PEM fuel cells. Numerical results showed that hydrophobic flow channels have better liquid water exhaust capabilities than hydrophilic flow channels. Flow channels with curved corners showed less droplet stagnation than the channels with sharp corners. It was also found that a smaller width is desirable for hydrophobic flow channels while a larger width is desirable for hydrophilic ones. The above results were explained as being due to the different droplet morphologies in hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.588-593
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• 2014

To maintain a negative pressure, the supply, exhaust airvolume are adjusted by setting volume damper and the infiltration through leakage area of the door between rooms in biosafety laboratory. Multizone simulation is useful way to predict room pressure, supply and exhaust air volume. But in a particular room, local change such as airflow and contaminants concentration distribution can not be evaluated unfortunately. Through this study, a coupled multizone and CFD simulation was performed, indoor air flow and local contaminants concentration distribution in a particular room of BSL lab are predicted. The results show that all zones of BSL lab are well ventilated by unidirectional flow without local stagnation. In addition, in case that unexpected biohazard is occured in BSL lab, multizone simulation results about the spread of pollutants along movement of the occupant also show that contaminants concentration is removing totally without the spread of the outside. In conclusion, a coupled multizone and CFD simulation can be applied to interpret differential pressure in room and local change of physical quantity in a particular room such as airflow and Influenza A contaminants concentration distribution. This simulation method is useful to enhance the reliability and accuracy of biosafety laboratory design.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.324-333
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• 1998

Measurements of the local heat transfer coefficients on a hemispherically concave surface with a round oblique impinging jet were made. The liquid crystal transient method was used for these measurements. This method, which is a variation of the transient method, suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet while video recording the response of liquid crystal for the surface temperature measurements. The Reynolds number used was 23,000 and the nozzle -to -jet distance was L/d=2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 and the jet angle was $\alpha$=0$^{\circ}$, 15$^{\circ}$, 30$^{\circ}$and 40$^{\circ}$. In the experiment, the maximum Nusselt number at all region occurred at L/d(equation omitted)6 and Nusselt number decreases as the inclined jet angle increases. For the normal jet the contours of constant Nusselt number are circular and as the jet is inclined closer and closer to the surface the contours become elliptical shape. The decreasing rate of the Nusselt number at X/d＞ 0(upstream) on a surface curvature are higher than those on a flate plate and the decreasing rate of the Nusselt number at X/d ＜0(downstream) on a surface curvature are lower than those on a flate plate. And also, the decreasing rate of local Nusselt number distribution at X/d ＜0(upstream) exhibit lower than with X/d ＜0(downstream) as jet angle increases. The second maximum Nusselt number occurred at long distance from stagnation point as jet angle increases.

• 태양에너지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-71
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• 1995

형상비가 다른 3개의 사각노즐을 이용한 충돌 수분류가 등열유속 조건($q=10^5W/m^2$)으로 가열된 수평 평판에 충돌하였을 때, 형상비(AR=6.67, 15, 26.67)와 노즐의 출구 유속($V_0=3.3m/s{\sim}78m/s$) 및 노즐과 전열면과의 무차원거리($Z/W=6{\sim}40$)에 따른 열전달 특성을 규명하기 위한 실험을 하였다. 원형 수분류에서 나타난 제2의 열전달 극대치(scondary peaks)가 사각 수분류에서도 나타나고 있으며 그 위치가 형상비에 따라 변한다. 정체점의 열전달계수도 형상비의 영향을 받고 있으며, 정체점 열전달 게수가 가장 좋은 노즐의 최적위치와 정체점 열전달 무차원 관계식을 제시하였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.162-179
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• 1998

In the literatual studies on the yupung(油風), the results were as follows. 1. Yupung(油風) was called 'Quijidu(鬼지頭)', 'Quichedu(鬼剃頭)', 'Ballak(髮落)' etc. It was a localized loss of hair in round or oval ares without any subjective symptom 2. The etiology and pathogenesis of Yupung were disorder of vital energy& blood circulation caused by deficiency of blood and wind-dryness syndrome, energy-stagnation and blood stasis, impairment of the liver & kidney. The treatments of Yupung were invigorating the liver & kidney, clearing away heat-evil and cooling blood, nourishing the liver & kidney, activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis etc, 3. In the frequency of prescription, the most numerous prescription is Shineuingyangjindan(神應養眞丹) and the next are Tonggyuhwalhyultang(通竅活血湯) & Chilbomiyumdan(七寶美髥丹), 4. In the frequency of medicine, the most numerous medicine is Radix Angelicae Sinensis(當歸) and the next are Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparatae(熟地黃) & Rhizoma Ligusiici Chuanxiong(川芎). 5. In classification of drug action, medicines of clearing away wind-heat evil and invigorating yin used to be very busy. 6. In classification of four characters, the most parts are warm medicine. 7. In classification of five tastes, the most numerous tastes are sweet and bitter tastes. 8. In classification of toxicity, the most is non-toxic medicines. 9. In classification of the channel distribution, the most is the medicine that belongs to liver channel. 10. In acupuncture theraphy, it was used 'GV20(百會)', 'G20(風池)', 'GV16(風府)', 'GV14(大椎)', 'LI4(合谷)' etc. in body acupuncture, was used 'S25(天樞)', 'GV14(大椎)', 'B13(肺兪)', 'LI11(曲池)' etc. in moxibustion.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2011

이 연구는 우리나라 경비업 현황분석을 통하여 현재 경비업의 개괄적 실태를 살펴본 후, 경비업법 개정과정 분석을 통하여 어떠한 정책기조가 법 개정에 투영되었는가를 도출한 다음, 우리나라 시큐리티산업의 정책방향을 제안하는데 연구의 목적을 두고 있다. 경비업법 개정 과정을 통하여 보면 공공성 강화와 기업성 강화가 어떤 뚜렷한 정책적 기조를 이루고 있는 것으로 보이진 않는다. 다만 강력한 공공성의 기조하에 부분적으로 기업성을 일부 반영한 것으로 밖에 해석되지 않는 것이다. 경비업의 건전한 발전을 위해서는 기존의 정책 방향에서 탈피하여 경비업의 기업성을 강화하는 방향으로 정책 기조가 변화되어야 한다. 경찰의 지도 감독 권한을 한국경비협회에 대폭 이관하여 경비업계의 자율적인 정화 기능을 키워야 한다. 경찰에서는 치안서비스의 공동생산 차원에서의 정책 개발에 관심을 두고 지혜를 모아야 할 것이다.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.652-655
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• 2007

최근 해외건설시장은 정체된 국내시장에 대한 대안으로서 국내 건설업체의 관심과 신규 진출이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만 해외건설시장은 국내 시장에 비해 상대적으로 건설업체가 직면하게 되는 리스크 부담이 크기 때문에 시장 진출에 대해서 신중하고 합리적인 의사결정이 요구되고 있다. 이에 따라 기존의 많은 연구들이 관심이 증가하고 있는 개별 시장의 리스크에 대해 분석하고 있으며, 이를 고려한 시장 진출 의사결정 모델에 관한 연구도 이루어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 건설기업의 입장에서 신규시장 진출을 재무적인 측면에서 고려하기 위한 모델을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 시장진출 시의 경쟁 상황을 고려한 실물옵션 게임 (real options game)을 통해 시장 모형을 도출하고, 이를 통해 해당 시장진출에 대한 투자 여부를 판단하기 위한 모델을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 도출된 시장진출모형은 가정을 통해 제약된 조건 상황 속에서의 특수 모델로서, 추후 연구를 통해 정보의 불균형성, 경쟁 기업 수의 일반화 등을 고려하여 보다 현실성 있는 모델을 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2002

코일을 이용한 동맥류 색전술은 동맥류 내부에 코일을 삽입하여 혈류 유동의 정체를 유도하여 혈전을 형성시키므로 동맥류를 폐색하는 방법이다. 코일을 이용하여 동맥류를 부분 폐색할 경우 동맥류의 폐색 위치에 따라 동맥류 내부의 유동 특성이 변하며, 이는 동맥류 내부의 현전 형성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 내경 동맥에서 발생한 측방 동맥류에 코일로 인한 부분 폐색이 발생할 경우, 부분 폐색 위치 및 내경 동맥의 곡률 반경의 변화에 따른 동맥류 내부 혈류 유동의 변화를 생체외 모델 실험을 이용하여 측정하여, 효율적인 동맥류 폐색 위치를 제시하고자한다. 내경동맥에서 발생한 측방 동맥류 내부에 코일을 동맥류 천정 근위부, 천정 원위부, 목 근위부 및 목 원위부에 각각 삽입하여 폐색 위치가 다른 모델을 제작하여, 입자영상속도계를 이용하여 속도장을 측정하였다. 동맥류 주머니의 원위부 폐색은 근위부 폐색에 비해 동맥류 내부고의 유입되는 유동이 적었으므로 동맥류 원위부 폐색이 혈전의 형성 및 동맥류 색전에 효율적임을 나타냈다. 동맥류 목 원위부 폐색은 천정 원위부 폐색에 비해 동맥류 내부로 혈류 유입을 효율적으로 차단하였으므로, 목 원위부 폐색이 동맥류 색전에 가장 효율적인 위치임을 알 수 있었다.