• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2008

Objectives We aimed to explore obesity pattern among overweight and obese Korean adult women using oriental obesity pattern identification questionnaire. Methods This survey was performed using data of 83 overweight and obese women aged from 20 to 55 yrs (BMI ${\geq}\;23\;kg/m^2$ : n=18, BMI ${\geq}\;25\;kg/m^2$ :ｎ=65) in Seoul, from 2007 to 2008. Subjects were given written consent and this study was performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung-Hee East-west Neo Medical Center. Results 1. The distribution of oriental obesity pattern identification did not show any differences between obese and overweight group(p>0.05). 2. The ratio of significantly-scored oriental pattern identification was ordered by Stagnation of the liver Qi(肝欝, 21.7%) > Indigestion(食積, 18.1%) > Spleen deficiency(脾虚, 16.9%) > Yang deficiency(陽虚, 14.5%) (n=83). 3. The frequency of top-scored oriental obesity pattern was ordered by Stagnation of the liver Qi(肝欝, 36.1%) > Indigestion(食積, 24.1%) > Yang deficiency (陽虚, 15.7%) (n=83). 4. The frequency of oriental obesity pattern identification was ordered by Stagnation of the liver Qi(肝欝, 41.7%) > Indigestion(食積, 29.2%) > Yang deficiency(陽虚, 12.5%) > Stagnation of the liver Qi and Yang deficiency(肝欝兼陽虚, 8.3%) (n=24). Conclusions In Korean adult overweight and obese women, Stagnation of the liver Qi(肝欝), Indigestion(食積), and Yang deficiency (陽虚) were found to be the main pathology based on oriental obesity pattern identification questionnaire. It suggests that not only physical status but also general condition and emotional problem should be concerned in treatment of obesity. This study could play a role as a preliminary data of oriental obesity pattern identification.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.68-79
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is the development of the questionnaire for pattern identification of Liver-qi stagnation infertility. Methods: We conducted a literature review and retrieved the symptoms and diagnosis from Korean and Chinese literatures which mentioned pattern identification of Liver-qi stagnation infertility. Based on the findings, We conducted three times expert Delphi surveys on selection of question items and determination of weight. Results: 12 questionnaire items for subjects and 4 questionnaire items for researchers were selected from 19 references. From expert delphi surveys, we finally determined 14 questionnaire items (10 items for subjects, 4 items for researchers) which are clinically significant and obtained weight of question items. Conclusions: Questionnaire for pattern identification of Liver-qi stagnation infertility was developed through experts' discussion. Further study is required to identify the validity and reliability of this pattern identification instrument for Liver-qi stagnation infertility.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2014

An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of laminar syngas/air mixture with 10% hydrogen content impinging normally to a flat plate of cylinder. Effects of impinging distance, Reynolds number and equivalence ratio as major parameters on heat fluxes of stagnation point and radial direction were examined experimentally by the direct photos and data acquisitions from heat flux sensor. In this work, we could find the incurved flame behavior of line shaped inner top-flame in very closed distance between flat plate and burner exit, which has been not reported from general gas-fuels. There were 3 times of maximum and 2 times minimum heat flux of stagnation point with respect to the impinging distance for the investigation of Reynolds number and equivalence ratio effect. It was confirmed that the maximum heat flux of stagnation point in 1'st and 2'nd peaks increased with the increase of the Reynolds number due to the Nusselt number increment. There was a third maximum rise in the heat flux of stagnation point for larger separation distances and this phenomenon was different each for laminar and turbulent condition. The heat transfer characteristics between the stagnation and wall jet region in radial heat flux profiles was investigated by the averaged heat flux value. It has been observed that the values of averaged heat flux traced well with the characteristics of major parameters and the decreasing of averaged heat flux was coincided with the decreasing trend of adiabatic temperature in spite of the same flow condition, especially for impinging distance and equivalence ratio effects.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.331-341
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 둠벙의 수서곤충군집과 식물 군집에 영향을 주는 수환경 특성을 확인하고자 민통선에 존재하는 5개 유형 16개 둠벙을 선택하여 물의 화학적 특성과 둠벙과 주변 환경과의 연결 특성을 조사하였다. 둠벙의 유형으로는 괸물, 괸물-물흐름, 샘통, 괸물-샘통 그리고 물흐름-샘통형을 사용하였다. 연중 이온의 농도 변화는 괸물형 둠벙에서 가장 작았고 샘통형 둠벙에서 가장 컸다. 음이온 농도가 가장 높은 곳은 괸물형 둠벙이었으며, 양이온 농도가 가장 높은 곳은 물흐름-샘통형 둠벙이었다. 연구 장소에서 발견된 식물은 228종이었으며, 이중 습지 식물이 63종이었다. 수서곤충은 95종이 발견되었다. 확인된 희귀식물은 6종이었고, 희귀수서곤충은 4종이었다. 괸물-샘통형 둠벙에서 종풍부도가 가장 높았다. 둠벙의 크기와 종풍부도는 상관관계가 없었으며, 다변량 통계를 통해 분석한 결과 둠벙 유형별로 생물군집에서 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 둠벙에서 수환경 변화와 주변 환경과 둠벙의 연결성이 생물군집에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었으며, 둠벙은 담수생태계로서 이질성을 높여 농업지역의 생물다양성을 높이는데 기여함을 확인하였다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제33회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.187-195
• /
• 2006

In this work, we introduce a newly constructed arc-jet device of 150 kW input power. The design of this device is a Huels type with a narrow downstream electrode. General features of this device are first described. From the measured values of electrical power input, heat discharged into cooling water, gas flow rate, and settling chamber pressure, average enthalpy was determined using the heat balance and sonic throat methods. Using the settling chamber pressure and average enthalpy values, the flow properties in the nozzle and the heat transfer rate to the stagnation point of a blunt body are calculated accounting for thermochemical nonequilibrium. The envelope of enthalpy, pressure, degree of dissociation, and heat transfer rate are presented. Stagnation temperature is predicted to be between 4630 to 6050 $^{\circ}K$, and the stagnation point heat transfer rate is predicted to be between 175 and 318 W/$cm^{2}$ for a blunt body of 3 mm nose radius. Degree of dissociation in the stagnation region of the blunt body exceeds 30%.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권10호
• /
• pp.1393-1400
• /
• 2003

Ignition of hydrogen and oxygen in the "third limit" is theoretically investigated in the stagnation point flow with activation energy asymptotics. With the steady-state approximations of H, OH, O and HO$_2$, a two-step reduced kinetic mechanism is derived for the regime lower than the crossover temperature T$_{c}$ at which the rates of production and consumption of all radicals are equal. Appropriate scaling of Damkohler number successfully provides the explicit relationship between pressure, temperature and strain rate at ignition. It is shown that, compared with those for the counterflow, ignition temperatures for the stagnation point flow are considerably increased with increasing the system pressure. This is because ignition in the "third limit" is characterized by the production of reduction of $H_2O$$_2$, which is reduced by wall effect. Strain rate substantially affects ignition temperature because key reaction rates of $H_2O$$_2$ are comparably with its transport rate, while the mixture temperature and the hydrogen composition do not significantly affect ignition temperature.e.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제30권7호
• /
• pp.656-662
• /
• 2006

The effects of concave hemispherical surface with inclined angle on the local heat transfer from a turbulent round jet impinging were experimentally investigated using transient liquid crystal method. This method suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet and then the video system records the response of liquid crystals for the measurement of the surface temperature. The Reynolds numbers were used 11000, 23000 and 50000, nozzle-to-surface distance ratio from 2 to 10 and the surface angles $\alpha=0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}\;and\;40^{\circ}$. Correlations of the stagnation point Nusselt number according to Reynolds number, jet-to-surface distance ratio and dimensionless surface angle are investigated. In the stagnation point, in term of $Re^n$, n ranges from 0.43 in case of $2{\leq}L/d\leq6$ to 0.45 in case of $6. The maximum Nusselt number occurs in the direction of upstream. The displacement of the maximum Nusselt number from the stagnation point increases with increasing surface angle or decreasing nozzle-to-surface distance. The maximum displacement is about 0.7 times of the jet nozzle diameter.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2016

Though a peristaltic pump is a crucial element in miniaturized drug delivery systems, it has some intrinsic disadvantages such as backflow and flow fluctuation. To overcome these limitation, we have developed valve-less peristaltic pump system including orifice and stagnation chamber. we measured flow rate to investigate the performance of rotary peristaltic pump with three rollers and an elastomeric tube pumping a viscous fluid. The flow fluctuations and the backflow happen as a result from the disengagement of the contact interaction between the rollers and the tubes. Stagnation chamber installed in front of orifice plate was composed of rubber tube and gas chamber. By changing orifice hole diameter with stagnation chamber flow rate and pressure in the tube was regulated. The obtained maximum reduction ratio of flow fluctuation is 96.79%.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.249-270
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 수학 교사가 수학 교과에 대한 학습부진 학생의 이해를 위하여 교수학습방법을 탐색하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 수학 교과에서 학습 부진을 나타내는 중학생 대상으로 이들의 요인을 분석하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 질적 자료를 중심으로 수학 부진 학생 중학교 남자학생 5명을 대상으로 하였으며, 부진요인을 알아보기 위하여 2가지 설문지를 사용하였다. 수학학습 습관, 수학적 태도라는 두 가지 측면에서 이들 학생들의 수학에 대한 부진 요인을 조사하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
• /
• pp.664-669
• /
• 2001

The characteristics of dual coaxial jet which composed of inner supersonic nozzle of 26500 in constant expansion rate with 1.91 design Mach number and outer converging one with $40^{\circ}$ converging angle with the variation of outer nozzle stagnation pressures are experimentally investigated in this paper. In which the stagnation pressure for the inner supersonic nozzle is 750kPa thus, the inner jet leaving the nozzle is slightly underexpanded. The plenum pressures of outer nozzle are varied from 200 to 600kPa. Flow visualizations by shadowgraph method, impact pressure and centerline static pressure measurements of dual coaxial jet are presented. The results show that the presence of outer jet affects significantly the structures and pressure distributions of inner jet. And outer jet causes Mach disk which does not appear for the case of single jet stream. As the stagnation pressure of outer jet increases, impact pressure undulation is severe, but the average impact pressure keeps high far downstream.