• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to estimate the dry matter accumulation using growth analysis in spring growth of perennial ryegrass varieties grown under space planting conditions, based on the data of previous paper9'. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Growth parameters of leaf area ratio(LAR), specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf weight ratio(LWR) were recognized siginificant differences between varieties. But, specific leaf area(SLA), leaf weight ratio (LWR) and relative tiller appearance rate(RTAR) were recognized significant differences between growth stages. Specific leaf area(SLA) was significant difference for the interaction of variety Xgrowth stage. 2. The relative growth rate of biological yields(BYRGR) indicated significantly positive correlations with relative growth rate of shoot(RGR) and root(RWGR), and net assimilation rate(NAR) as affected by the varieties and growth stages. 3. The relative growth rate of biological yields(BYRGR) indicated significantly positive correlation with nct assimilation rate(NAR) in all varieties. Leaf area ratio(LAR) had significantly positive correlation with specific leaf area(SLA) in all varieties, but shows a significant negative correlation with leaf weight ratio(LWR) of Maprima variety. 4. The relative growth rate of biological yields(BYRGR) indicated significantly positive correlations with the absolute growth rates of yield components.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.23-39
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• 2000

This paper aims to demonstrate the theory of social cognition which librarianship have an effect on societal development. For these purpose, the stages of societal development is classified into three stages of economic growth, information sharing and self-actualization of individual and objectives of developments are investigated by stages. At last, the theory of social cognition which librarianship contribute to societal development are demonstrated with searching the roels of libraries corresponding to the objectives of development stages.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2019

Anthropogenic disturbances, including coastal habitat modification and climate change are threatening the stability of kelp beds, one of the most diverse and productive marine ecosystems. To test the effect of temperature and irradiance on the microscopic gametophyte and juvenile sporophyte stages of the rare kelp, Saccharina angustissima, from Casco Bay, Maine, USA, we carried out two sets of experiments using a temperature gradient table. The first set of experiments combined temperatures between $7-18^{\circ}C$ with irradiance at 20, 40, and $80{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. The second set combined temperatures of $3-13^{\circ}C$ with irradiance of 10, 100, and $200{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. Over two separate 4-week trials, in 2014 and again in 2015, we monitored gametogenesis, the early growth stages of the gametophytes, and early sporophyte development of this kelp. Gametophytes grew best at temperatures of $8-13^{\circ}C$ at the lowest irradiance of $10-{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. Light had a significant effect on both male and female gametophyte growth only at the higher temperatures. Temperatures of $8-15^{\circ}C$ and irradiance levels of $10-100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ were conditions for the highest sporophyte growth. Sporophyte and male gametophyte growth was reduced at both temperature extremes-the hottest and coldest temperatures tested. S. angustissima is a unique kelp species known only from a very narrow geographic region along the coast of Maine, USA. The coupling of global warming with high light intensity effects might pose stress on the early life-history stages of this kelp, although, as an intertidal species, it could also be better adapted to temperature and light extremes than its subtidal counterpart, Saccharina latissima.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.677-684
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• 2002

한우 성장단계 특이발현 유전자 탐색에 관한 연구(장 등, 2002)에서 선정된 후보유전자 중, EPV 20, TCTP 및 aldolase A를 비롯하여 24개월령 cDNA probe에 대하여 강한 signal을 나타낸 ADRP 유전자의 발현양상을 분석하기 위하여 성장단계별 한우 등심조직 시료를 사용하여 semiquantitative RT-PCR 및 northern blot 분석을 실시하였다. EPV 20 유전자는 한우 등심조직에서 성장단계에 따른 발현량 차이가 거의 없는 결과를 근거로, 근육조직에서 항상 발현되는 유전자로 판단하였다. 또한 발달단계에 따라 발현량 차이가 있는 것으로 보고된 aldolase A 유전자 역시 뚜렷한 발현량 차이는 없었으며, aldolase A의 muscle specific promoter와 근육분화 관련 transcription factor에 관한 연구를 통하여 근육분화 및 근육수축에 있어 aldolase A의 역할 및 조절작용을 밝힐 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 성장관련 단백질로 알려져 있는 TCTP의 발현양상을 분석한 결과, 한우 등심조직에서 성장함에 따라 발현량이 약간 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 발현양상 분석결과로 TCTP 유전자는 성장과 관련된 기능이 있지만 동물의 성장에 있어 직접적으로 관여하지는 않을 것으로 판단된다. 지방세포 분화의 초기단계에서 발현량이 급증하고 lipid droplet 형성에 관여하며 지방축적과도 관련이 있는 것으로 보고된 ADRP 유전자의 transcript의 크기는 약 1.82 kb 이었고, 24개월령 한우 등심조직에서 발현량이 급격히 증가하였으며, 30개월령 조직에서는 감소하는 양상을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 ADRP 유전자를 한우 성장단계 특이발현 유전자로 선정하였으며, ADRP 유전자의 발현양상은 근육내 지방축적과 관련이 있을 것으로 추정하였다. 이후에는 발현조절 기작의 해명 및 근육내 지방축적과의 관련성 분석을 위하여 ADRP 유전자의 전체적인 구조 및 전사조절 인자 분석을 비롯하여 다른 지방대사 및 지방축적 관련 유전자와의 상호작용 및 다형성 탐색분석에 관한 연구가 필요 할 것으로 판단하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the canopy growth conditions and the accuracy of phenological stages of paddy rice using ground-based remote sensing data. Plant growth variables including Leaf Area Index (LAI) and canopy reflectance of paddy rice were measured at the experimental fields of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea during the crop seasons of 2011, 2012, and 2013. LAI values were also determined based on correlations with Vegetation Indices (VIs) obtained from the canopy reflectance. Three phenological stages (tillering, booting, and grain filling) of paddy rice could be identified using VIs and a spatial index (NIR versus red). We found that exponential relationships could be applied between LAI and the VIs of interest. This information, as well as the relationships between LAI and VIs obtained in the present study, could be used to estimate and monitor the relative growth and development of rice canopies during the growing season.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.408-416
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• 2010

To evaluate the effectiveness of AMF on the growth of horticultural crops, we compared mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, perilla (P. frutescens Britt.), that were inoculated with AMF propagules. In the early stages of growth of perilla, compared to the AMF- perilla seedlings, in AMF+ perilla seedlings at 3 weeks after sowing, leaf length and width increased 17% and 29%, leaf area increased 28%, and shoot fresh weight increased 33%, root total length increased 1%, and chlorophyll content increased 3%. Further at 10 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMF- perilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, leaf area increased 21% and 19%, shoot length increased 19% and 17%, root fresh weight increased 17% and 20%, and chlorophyll content increased 5.1% and 4.8%, respectively. Moreover, at 14 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMFperilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, the number of leaves increased 16% and 20%, root fresh weight increased 16% and 17% significantly. Further, leaf fresh weight increased 9% and 11%, shoot diameter increased 4.5% and 7.3%, and chlorophyll content increased 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The levels of many macronutrients and micronutrients were tended to be significantly higher in AMF+ plants than in AMF- plants, supporting the association between AMF and enhanced growth of plants grown from AMF+ seedlings.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1988

Biosynthesis and processing of cytoplasmic mRNA from heterogenous nuclear RNA (hn-RNA) in Aspergillus phoenicis were studied by $^{3}H$-uridine labeling and synchronous culture techniques during their life cycle. Incorporations of $^{3}H$-uridine into hn-RNA and mRNA were most rapid in vesicle-phialide fromation stage and diminished in hyphal growth stage. The processing of cytoplasmic mRNA from hn-RNA was proceeded more rapidly in hyphal growth and conidiophore formation stages than in conidia and vesicle-phialide formation stages. The specific radioactivities of hn-RNA and mRNA were very high in vesicle-phialide formation stage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1486-1494
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• 2017

Objective: This research analyzed behavioral characteristics of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers during each season and growth stage to enable measurement of the animals' welfare level for precision livestock farming. Methods: A hundred-eight beef steers were divided into three equal groups at a Hanwoo farm according to their growth stage: growing stage (GS), 8 months; early-fattening stage (EFS), 19 months; and late-fattening stage (LFS), 30 months. Twelve behavioral categories were continuously recorded for 13 day-time hours in each four seasons with three replications. Results: Time spent standing was found to be significantly longer in summer at all growth stages (p<0.05). Hanwoos at the GS spent significantly longer standing time in spring and summer than those at the EFS and LFS (p<0.05). Lying time in summer was the shortest for all growth stages (p<0.05). Steers at the LFS spent significantly longer lying time than that at the GS (p<0.05) in summer. For GS and EFS, time spent eating in spring and autumn were longer than in summer and winter (p<0.05). Eating time was the longest for the GS in spring, autumn, and winter, excluding for the LFS in winter (p<0.05). Regarding ruminating, steers at the LFS spent significantly shorter time than those at other stages in all seasons (p<0.05). GS and EFS steers showed the longest walking time in summer compared with other seasons (p<0.05). At GS and LFS, drinking time in summer was the longest of all seasons (p<0.05). Sleeping time was significantly shorter in summer compared with the other seasons (p<0.05). Self-grooming time was the longest in winter for all growth stages (p<0.05). Conclusion: Steers were found to have more variable behavioral patterns during summer and the GS and less active behaviors during the LFS, thus extra care seems necessary during the GS, LFS, and summer period.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 1976

농가포장(農家圃場)에 실시(實施)한 대맥(大麥) 삼요소(三要素) 시험(試驗)(1967/68)지(地)를 대상(對象)으로 생육시기별(生育時期別) N.P.K.Ca.Mg 농도(濃度), NPK와 수량(收量)과의 상관(相關) 및 NPK 이용율(利用率)을 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 생육시기별(生育時期別) 농도(濃度)의 변화량(變化量)으로 보아 N와 K가 유이(類似)하고 P, Mg, Ca가 유이(類似)하였다. 2. 수량(收量)은 해빙직후(解氷直後) N농도(濃度)와 가장 유의성(有意性)이 깊고 북부(北部) 즉(卽) 강원(江原)과 충남(忠南)에서는 동결직전(凍結直前)의 P및 N농도(濃度)와 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)을 보였다. 기타(其他)의 시기(時期)는 P, K에서 부(負)의 관련경향(關聯傾向)을 보였는데 K에서 더욱 그러했다. 3. 시비량(施肥量)이 증가(增加)할수록 N.P.K 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)은 초기(初期)일수록 뚜렷하고 N에서 더욱 뚜렷하며 P와 K가 생육후기(生育後期)에 상대적(相對的)으로 많은 반면 N가 적은 것을 잘 보였으며 N와 K간(間)의 길항관계(拮抗關係)도 잘 보였다. 4. 이용율(利用率)은 N(55)>K(27)>P(12)의 순(順)이었으며 N이용율(利用率)은 수량(收量)이 증가(增加)할수록 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이다. 5. 수량(收量)과 관련(關聯)된 영양진단(營養診斷)은 해빙직후(解氷直後) 또는 직전(直前)이 가장 좋을 것으로 나타났고 생육시기별(生育時期別) 영양(營養) 기준(基準)을 제시(提示)하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.905-911
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• 2005

상품성이 낮은 배 그리고 가공 부산물의 하나인 과피의 기능성식품 소재로써의 이용가능성을 검토하고자 생육단계별 풍수, 신고, 추황배의 과피로부터 식이섬유원을 분리하여 이들의 성분을 분석하고 물리적 특성을 측정하였다. 3 품종의 3 생육단계에서 과피로부터 분리한 식이섬유원의 총식이섬유 함량은 74.00-88.38%로 비교적 높은 수준이었고 그 중 92-94%가 불용성 성분이었다. 분리된 식이섬유원에 잔존하는 총페놀성물질의 함량은 1.64-4.46mg/g이었고 신고와 추황배에서는 과실의 성숙도에 따라 잔존하는 총페놀성물질의 함량이 증가하였다. 평균입자의 크기는 $255-381{\mu}m$이었고 동일한 품종내에서 성숙된 과실일수록 분리된 식이섬유원의 입자는 증대하였으며 이에 따라 유과에서 분리한 식이섬유윈의 밀도가 유의적으로 작았다. 보수력은 3.11-6.03g water/g solid이었고 신고와 추황배에서는 유과, 미숙과, 성숙과의 순으로 점차 증가하였으며 oil 흡착력은 1.98-2.57g oil/g sample로 보수력보다 낮은 값을 보였고 보수력이 낮은 유파의 식이섬유원이 oil 흡착력은 컸다. 식이섬유원의 입자의 크기는 밀도, 보수력, oil 흡착력과 높은 상관관계를 나타내었고 물리적 특성에 영향을 주는 주요성분은 Cellulose와 uronic acid로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배 과피에서 분리한 식이섬유원은 총 식이섬유 함량이 높고 생리활성 물질인 페놀성물질을 함유하고 있으며 미숙과, 성숙과 식이섬유원은 비교적 높은 보수력을 갖고 있어 새로운 식이섬유원 소재로 이용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.