• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4009-4011
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• 2016

Background: Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell lymphoid neoplasm characterized by a distinctive biological behavior with potentially curable disease characteristics. It is an uncommon hematological malignancy which primarily affects younger individuals. The rationale of this study was to determine its clinico-hematological profile along with stage stratification in Pakistani patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, adult patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014. Results: Sixty two histopathologically confirmed cases of cHL were identified. There were 42 males and 20 females, with a male to female ratio of 2: 1. The mean age was $29.7{\pm}13.8$ years with the median age of 30 years. B symptoms were present in 72.5% of patients. Histopathologically, the mixed cellularity type constituted 62.9% of cases, followed by nodular sclerosis in 25.8%, lymphocyte predominant in 9.6% and lymphocyte depleted in 1.6%. Stages I and II were present in 43.5% of patients at disease presentation, with 56.4% in stages III and IV. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that clinico-pathological features of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Pakistan are comparable to published data. Mixed cellularity is the commonest histological variant and advanced stage at presentation are common findings in our patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2195-2198
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women with wide differences in clinical profile from region to region. The present study aimed to describe the profile of breast cancer patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Marathwada region of Western India. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, we reviewed records of pathologically diagnosed patients of breast cancer managed at our center from years 2009 to 2015. Data with respect to demographic status, detailed past, medical, familial and personal history, findings of clinical examination and histological features were obtained. Patients were staged according to the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) system. Results: Among 260 cases, mean age of presentation was 52.6, with average age of menarche of 11.3 and menopause of 52.6 years. The majority of patients were from urban regions and were postmenopausal (64.3%). Main clinical features presentation were breast lumps. Most patients were in stage II and had infiltrating duct carcinomas. Conclusions: Most common risk factors for breast cancer observed are increasing age, low parity and obesity. Breast cancer was more prevalent among postmenopausal women presenting in stage II with infiltating duct carcinoma in our region of India.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.534-542
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• 2021

Background During the early stages of lymphedema, active physiologic surgical treatment can be applied. However, lymphedema patients often have limited knowledge and misconceptions regarding lymphedema and surgical treatment. We analyzed the correlations between lymphedema severity and surgical technique according to patients' awareness of surgical treatment for secondary upper extremity lymphedema (UEL). Methods Patients with UEL diagnosed between December 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. At the time of their presentation to our hospital for the treatment of lymphedema, they were administered a questionnaire about lymphedema and lymphedema surgery. Based on the results, patients were classified as being aware or unaware of surgical treatment. Lymphedema severity was classified according to the arm dermal backflow (ADB) stage and the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) stage based on indocyanine green lymphography conducted at presentation. Surgical techniques were compared between the two groups. Results Patients who were aware of surgical treatment had significantly lower initial ADB and MDACC stages (P<0.05) and more frequently underwent physiologic procedures than excisional procedures (P=0.003). Conclusions If patients are actively educated regarding surgical treatment of lymphedema, physiologic procedures may be performed during the early stages of UEL.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.277-280
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• 2014

Background: Testicular cancer management is considered a marvel of modern science with excellent treatment results. Pakistan has a distinct ethnic variation and geographic distribution but data regarding clinical presentation of testicular tumors and their management is under reported. The objective of this study was to determine clinical profile, treatment modalities and survival outcome of testicular tumors in the Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients who received treatment for testicular cancer at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to December 2012 was performed. Patient demographics, clinical features at presentation and treatment modalities were assessed. For categorical variables chi square test was used. Survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier survival curves and Log rank test was employed to determine significance. Results: The most common tumor was mixed germ cell tumor in 49% patients. For all tumor variants except seminoma, stage III was the most common clinical stage at presentation. Majority of patients with non seminomatous germ cell tumors presented in the15-30 year age group as compared to seminoma which was most prevalent in the 30-40 year age group. Orchiectomy followed by chemotherapy was the most common treatment modality in 80% patients. Expected 5 year survival for seminomas and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors was 96% and 90% respectively which was not significantly different (p=0.2). Conclusions: Despite a distinct clinical profile of testicular tumors in Pakistani population, survival is comparable with published reports.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2019

Purpose: The objective was to determine the association between PaCO₂ and adverse cardiovascular events (ACVEs) in carbon monoxide (CO)-poisoned patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 194 self-breathing patients after CO poisoning with an indication for hyperbaric oxygen therapy and available arterial blood gas analysis at presentation and 6 hours later. The baseline characteristics and clinical course during hospitalization were collected and compared. The mean PaCO₂ during the first 6 hours after presentation was calculated. Results: The incidence rates of moderate (30 mmHg< PaCO₂ <35 mmHg) or severe (PaCO₂ ≤30 mmHg) hypocapnia at presentation after acute CO poisoning were 40.7% and 26.8%, respectively. The mean PaCO₂ during the first 6 hours was 33 (31-36.7) mmHg. The incidence of ACVEs during hospitalization was 50.5%. A significant linear trend in the incidence of ACVEs was observed across the total ranges of PaCO₂ variables. In multivariate regression analysis, mean PaCO₂ was independently associated with ACVEs (OR 0.798 (95% CI 0.641-0.997)). Conclusion: Mean PaCO₂ during the first 6 hours was associated with increased ACVEs. Given the high incidence of ACVEs and PaCO₂ derangement and the observed association between PaCO₂ and ACVEs, this study suggests that 1) PaCO₂ should be monitored at the acute stage to predict and/or prevent ACVEs; and 2) further study is needed to validate this result and investigate early manipulation of PaCO₂ as treatment.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.282-297
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• 2009

본 연구는 식생활 유형에 따라서 파티에 참여하는 잠재 고객의 공간 연출과 음식에 대한 중요도에 어떠한 차이가 있는가를 밝히고자, 파티 잠재 고객의 시장을 세분화 시키고, 파티 행사의 공간 연출과 음식에 대한 구매 행동의 특징을 파악해 봄으로써, 새로운 파티 행사를 외식시장의 한 분야로 발전할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 그 결과 분석은 다음과 같다. 파티 행사에 있어서 고객 즉 파티 참가자들의 라이프스타일 중식생활에 따라 음식과 공간 연출의 중요도가 각각의 차이를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 이를 바탕으로 파티 참가자들의 유형별로 파티의 컨셉에 맞는 음식과 공간을 연출함으로써 파티 행사 참가자들에게 긍정적인 행사가 될 수 있도록 도움을 줄 것이라 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3897-3901
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer of women (23% of all cancers), ranking second overall when both sexes are considered together. Since there has been change in clinico-pathological factors and treatment profiles for breast cancer patients over the years, the present study to evaluate the change trends in India. Materials and Methods: A detailed analysis was carried out with respect to age, menopausal status, family history, disease stage, surgery performed, histopathology, hormone receptor status, and use of chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Change in various clinico-pathological factors and treatments of breast cancer cases was recorded and analysed. Results: Mean age at presentation was found to be earlier in 2005-2006 compared with 1997-98 (p value: 0.046). More premenopausal women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2005-2006 when this was compared with initial years of assessment (p value ${\leq}0.001$). When change in the receptor status was evaluated, we observed that there was a decrease in cases of ER and PR receptor positivity which was significant (p value: 0.007). Over the period of time, more f patients were not offered surgery initially in view of advanced disease when the two time periods were compared (p value: ${\leq}0.001$). There was a significant increase in patients who were initially offered neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in view of advanced disease at presentation (p value: ${\leq}0.001$). There was increasing number of patients who received palliative treatment for symptoms in 2005-2006 when compared to patients treated in 1997-98((p value: ${\leq}0.001$). Conclusions: Changes in mean age at presentation, premenopausal status, and stage at presentation have occurred over the years. More aggressive patterns of disease have become more common with early age at presentation and aggressive biological behaviour with receptor negative tumours.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2007

The advantages of the Internet enable teachers in the world to break the communication barriers between their schools and collaborate with each other, giving them opportunities for richer educational practices than ever accomplished. I assume that collaborative learning like an international exchange naturally lead the students to acquire the knowledge to communicate with their peers using ICT skills. In this paper, two international exchange projects that have years of practice are reported, i.e., new types of collaborative education projects that the development of the Internet has enabled us to carry out. The international exchanges reported here have been possible because both students and teachers have effectively used the various functions of the Internet. To use English as a "common international communication language" is particularly important for the youth in Asia, and the students have come to realize the importance of English as a communication language through these projects. Also, since these practices are based on the infrastructure of the Internet, they have elucidated what kind of Internet use produces richer educational results .At the final stage of the exchanges, "joint presentation in English" is designed. Students communicate and collaborate over the network, and finally meet with each other and try to give a presentation as a product of their collaborative work. The files and scenes of their presentations are stored on the network and used as educational materials in Asia as well as models for the activities in the following years. We will report how to design international exchange education in this Internet age.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.19-22
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• 1997

This paper studies the arousal effects of aroma and warning sound using EDA(Electrodermal Activity:EDA), Aroma stimulus started at Nz value over 1.2. Warning sound was prepared according to the arousal evaluation and control criteria. As a result, the warning sound could be controlled the arousal level in all the mKSS state. Aroma stimulus was able to prevent drowsy more than warning sound in the mKSS 3 state(the first stage of drowsiness). Therefor, aroma stimulus was can be used for arousal control at that state. Futhermore, arousal control was shown to be more effective with presentation of both aroma and warning sounds than each presentation.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1998

The increasing risk of subsequent malignancy after treatment of malignant lymphoma is well known, which is mainly due to longer survival of these patients. Radiotherapy at an early stage of Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is accepted to be associated with future occurrence of secondary thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, the synchronous presentation of these malignancies is extremely rare. Well differentiated thyroid cancer, a slow-growing tumor that responds to therapy with surgery and radioactive iodine, is associated with prolonged survival. therefore, it is important to make this diagnosis in patients who show evidence of malignant lymphoma. Furthermore, appropriate treatment must be considered for thyroid cancer to improve the prognosis of these patients. We herein reported 4 cases of synchronous thyroid cancer and malignant lymphoma in patients who had not previously recieved radiotherapy or chemotherapy.