• Title/Summary/Keyword: Stable Procedure

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The Case Study on Game Balancing for Player VS Player Fighting Game (대전 격투게임의 사례 분석을 통한 게임 밸런싱 연구)

  • Han, Seung-Woo;Lee, Jae-Joong;Park, Jin-Wan
    • Journal of Korea Game Society
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.15-27
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    • 2008
  • Games can be divided into different genres such as action, adventure, role playing, simulation and etc based on the types of the play provided to a player. And each genre has various kinds of balancing system. Fighting games are classified as one of the action genres. They seem to have a simple structure but there is a variety of complex balancing factors. Because there are quite a number of the fighting games that were developed in a relatively short period, it is possible to identify diverse balancing systems in the fighting games from unstable ones in the early stage to the recent ones in a stable condition. The balancing system allows players to use all the contents offered in the game by eliminating the imbalance created among the various components. It helps players maintain their interest during the procedure. Furthermore, it gives the justification, increases the efficiency of controlling, and develops the empathy in the process. Therefore, the balancing system plays a crucial role in the games when it comes to getting an evaluation and building popularity, which can determine its lifespan. In this study, we researched on the possibilities of expanding an application to the other genres by understanding the established balancing model developed from the case study of the fighting games.

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An Experimental Study on Behavior Characteristics of the Pretension Soil Nailing Systems (프리텐션 쏘일네일링 시스템의 거동특성에 관한 실험적 고찰)

  • Choi, Young-Geun;Shin, Bang-Woong;Park, Si-Sam;Kim, Hong-Taek
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.87-96
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    • 2004
  • Application of the soil nailing method is continuously extending in maintaining stable excavations and slopes. However, ground anchor support system occasionally may not be used because of space limitations in urban excavation sites nearby the existing structures. In this case, soil nailing system with relatively short length of nails could be efficiently adopted as an alternative method. The general soil nailing support system, however, may result in excessive deformations particularly in an excavation zone of the existing weak subsoils. Pretensioning the soil nails then could play important roles to reduce deformations mainly in an upper part of the nailed-soil excavation system as well as to improve local stability. In this study, a newly modified soil nailing technology named as the PSN (Pretension Soil Nailing) is developed to reduce both facing displacements and ground surface settlements in top-down excavation process as well as to increase the global stability. Up to now, the PSN system has been investigated mainly focusing on an establishment of the design procedure. In the present study, laboratory model tests are carried out to investigate the failure mechanism and behavior characteristics of the PSN system. Various results of model tests are also analyzed to provide a fundamental basis for the efficient design.

Microgrooves on titanium surface affect peri-implant cell adhesion and soft tissue sealing; an in vitro and in vivo study

  • Lee, Hyo-Jung;Lee, Jaden;Lee, Jung-Tae;Hong, Ji-Soo;Lim, Bum-Soon;Park, Hee-Jung;Kim, Young-Kwang;Kim, Tae-Il
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.120-126
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: With the significance of stable adhesion of alveolar bone and peri-implant soft tissue on the surface of titanium for successful dental implantation procedure, the purpose of this study was to apply microgrooves on the titanium surface and investigate their effects on peri-implant cells and tissues. Methods: Three types of commercially pure titanium discs were prepared; machined-surface discs (A), sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA)-treated discs (B), SLA and microgroove-formed discs (C). After surface topography of the discs was examined by confocal laser scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle and surface energy were measured. Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and murine osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were seeded onto the titanium discs for immunofluorescence assay of adhesion proteins. Commercially pure titanium implants with microgrooves on the coronal microthreads design were inserted into the edentulous mandible of beagle dogs. After 2 weeks and 6 weeks of implant insertion, the animal subjects were euthanized to confirm peri-implant tissue healing pattern in histologic specimens. Results: Group C presented the lowest water contact angle ($62.89{\pm}5.66{\theta}$), highest surface energy ($45{\pm}1.2mN/m$), and highest surface roughness ($Ra=22.351{\pm}2.766{\mu}m$). The expression of adhesion molecules of hGFs and MC3T30E1 cells was prominent in group C. Titanium implants with microgrooves on the coronal portion showed firm adhesion to peri-implant soft tissue. Conclusions: Microgrooves on the titanium surface promoted the adhesion of gingival fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells, as well as favorable peri-implant soft tissue sealing.

Developing a Trading System using the Relative Value between KOSPI 200 and S&P 500 Stock Index Futures (KOSPI 200과 S&P 500 주가지수 선물의 상대적 가치를 이용한 거래시스템 개발)

  • Kim, Young-Min;Lee, Suk-Jun
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.45-63
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    • 2014
  • A trading system is a computer trading program that automatically submits trades to an exchange. Mechanical a trading system to execute trade is spreading in the stock market. However, a trading system to trade a single asset might occur instability of the profit because payoff of this system is determined a asset movement. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a trading system that is trade two assets such as a pair trading that is to sell overvalued assets and buy the undervalued ones. The aim of this study is to propose a relative value based trading system designed to yield stable and profitable profits regardless of market conditions. In fact, we propose a procedure for building a trading system that is based on the rough set analysis of indicators derived from a price ratio between two assets. KOSPI 200 index futures and S&P 500 index futures are used as a data for evaluation of the proposed trading system. We intend to examine the usefulness of this model through an empirical study.

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Comparative Analysis of Muscle Activity and Ground Reaction Force between Skilled and Unskilled Player during a Free Throw (농구 자유투 동작 시 숙련자 및 미숙련자의 근전도 및 지면 반력 분석)

  • Gu, Hyung-Mo;Chae, Woen-Sik;Kang, Nyeon-Ju;Yoon, Chang-Jin;Jang, Jae-Ik
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.347-357
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to compare EMG and GRF during a free throw. Seven pairs of surface electrodes were attached to the right-hand side of the body to monitor the flexor carpi radialis (FC), extensor carpi radialis longus (EC), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (GM). GRF data from two force platform were collected during a free throw. The results showed that the muscle activities in the unskilled group must be highly activated prior to the moment of release. This means that a skilled participant can shoot a free throw more efficiently while producing less muscle activeness than an unskilled participant. The DCP of unskilled group in the medio-lateral direction were greater than the corresponding values in skilled group. This showed that the unskilled group were not able to shoot the free throws stably. Thus, when a teacher or instructor teaches students how to shoot free throw, it is considered that the teacher show the learner how to use not only the upper limbs but also lower limbs on the basis of the efficent connecting movement and the flexibility in a stable procedure.

Purification and Properties of a Cysteinylglycinase from Proteus mirabilis (Proteus mirabilis가 생산하는 Cysteinylglycinase의 정제 및 성질)

  • Choi, Shin-Yang;Yu, Ju-Hyun;Hidehiko Kumagai;Tatsrokuro Tochikura
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.92-97
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    • 1988
  • Cysteinylglycinase was partially purified from Proteus mirabilis by consecutive procedure. The specific activity was increased about 16-fold to that of cell-free extract. The enzyme was found rather unstable on ammonium sulfate precipitation ann the precipitated enzyme protein became partially insoluble during dialysis. The precipitated enzyme was found to be solubilized by treatment of 4% Triton X-100 effectiviely, The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme activity were 35$^{\circ}C$ and 7.3, respectively. After heat treatment of the enzyme at 5$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, it lost the activity to 70%. The enzyme was stable at pH 7.0-8.0. The molecular weight of the cysteinylglycinase was found to be about 190,000 by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The enzyme was activated by the addition of Mn$^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions. The maximal activation was obtained in preincubation with $Mg^{2+}$ ion for 30 min. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of various dipeptides and tripeptides. The Km and Vmax values for cysteinylglycine were 1.60 mM and 0.24 m unit/ mg, respectively.

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Efficacy of Ilizarov External Fixation and Autologous Bone Grafting for Performing Arthrodesis on the Ankle Arthropathy with Risk Factors (불유합의 위험 인자를 가진 족관절 병변에 시행한 족관절 유합술로서 Ilizarov 외고정 기구 장착술 및 자가골 이식술의 유용성)

  • Lee, Yong-Sik;Nam, Il-Hyun;Lee, Tae-Hun;Ahn, Gil-Yeong;Lee, Yeong-Hyeon;Lee, Hee-Hyung;Hwang, Sung-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.189-195
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate if the Ilizarov external fixation procedure with axial compression can help to obtain fusion across the ankle joint in patients with a high risk of nonunion. Materials and Methods: From January 2006 to December 2015, the study reviewed 17 patients who underwent ankle arthropathy with a high risk of nonunion and who underwent ankle fusion using the Ilizarov external fixator with axial compression and auto bone grafting. After the lateral surface of the ankle joint was exposed through a lateral trans-fibular approach, massive removal of the articular cartilage and excision of any loose or avascular bone were done. With the cortical bone harvested from the pelvis as corticocancellous bone blocks, we inserted the two cortical blocks longitudinally into the anterior and posterior part of the free ankle space from lateral to medial to make the rectangular chamber to fill the cancellous bones. After the Ilizarov external fixator was equipped, we tightened the frame by 5 mm to compress the bone graft space. We accessed the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) AnkleHindfoot score both preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: The average age at the time of operation was 63.4 years (range, 47~78 years). The mean frame time was 17.4 weeks (range, 15~23 weeks). The average follow-up period was 3.7 years (range, 2~6 years). Osseous fusion was obtained in 15 patients (88.2%). There were two stable pseudarthroses among the rheumatoid arthritis patients, and we continued their follow-up. The mean AOFAS AnkleHindfoot score improved from 48.5 to 73.7 points. Conclusion: Ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov external fixation with axial compression and auto bone grafting on the ankle arthropathy that had difficult conditions to achieve union is considered one of the useful methods with a correspondingly low incidence of complications.

The validation of Periotest values for the evaluation of orthodontic mini-implants' stability (즉시 부하 교정용 미니임플랜트의 안정성 평가를 위한 Periotest$^{(R)}$의 유효성)

  • Cha, Jung-Yul;Yu, Hyung-Seog;Hwang, Chung-Ju
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.167-175
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    • 2010
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the Periotest values for the prediction of orthodontic mini-implants' stability. Methods: Sixty orthodontic mini-implants (7.0 mm $\times$ $\emptyset1.45$ mm; ACR, Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea) were inserted into the buccal alveolar bone of 5 twelve month-old beagle dogs. Insertion torque (IT) and Periotest values (PTV) were measured at the installation procedure, and removal torque (RT) and PTV were recorded after 12 weeks of orthodontic loading. To correlate PTV with variables, the cortical bone thickness (mm) and bone mineral density (BMD) within the cortical bone and total bone area were calculated with the help of CT scanning. Results: The BMD and cortical bone thickness in mandibular alveolus were significantly higher than those of the maxilla (p < 0.05). The PTV values ranged from -3.2 to 4.8 for 12 weeks of loading showing clinically stable mini-implants. PTV at insertion was significantly correlated with IT (-0.51), bone density (-0.48), cortical bone thickness (-0.42) (p < 0.05) in the mandible, but showed no correlation in the maxilla. PTV before removal was significantly correlated with RT (-0.66) (p < 0.01) in the mandible. Conclusions: These results show that the periotest is a useful method for the evaluation of mini-implant stability, but it can only be applied to limited areas with thick cortical and high density bone such as the mandible.

Intelligent Tuning of the Two Degrees-of-Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller On the Distributed Control System for Steam Temperature Control of Thermal Power Plant

  • Dong Hwa Kim;Won Pyo Hong;Seung Hack Lee
    • KIEE International Transaction on Systems and Control
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    • v.2D no.2
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    • pp.78-91
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    • 2002
  • In the thermal power plant, there are six manipulated variables: main steam flow, feedwater flow, fuel flow, air flow, spray flow, and gas recirculation flow. There are five controlled variables: generator output, main steam pressure, main steam temperature, exhaust gas density, and reheater steam temperature. Therefore, the thermal power plant control system is a multinput and output system. In the control system, the main steam temperature is typically regulated by the fuel flow rate and the spray flow rate, and the reheater steam temperature is regulated by the gas recirculation flow rate. However, strict control of the steam temperature must be maintained to avoid thermal stress. Maintaining the steam temperature can be difficult due to heating value variation to the fuel source, time delay changes in the main steam temperature versus changes in fuel flow rate, difficulty of control of the main steam temperature control and the reheater steam temperature control system owing to the dynamic response characteristics of changes in steam temperature and the reheater steam temperature, and the fluctuation of inner fluid water and steam flow rates during the load-following operation. Up to the present time, the Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller has been used to operate this system. However, it is very difficult to achieve an optimal PID gain with no experience, since the gain of the PID controller has to be manually tuned by trial and error. This paper focuses on the characteristic comparison of the PID controller and the modified 2-DOF PID Controller (Two-Degrees-Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative) on the DCS (Distributed Control System). The method is to design an optimal controller that can be operated on the thermal generating plant in Seoul, Korea. The modified 2-DOF PID controller is designed to enable parameters to fit into the thermal plant during disturbances. To attain an optimal control method, transfer function and operating data from start-up, running, and stop procedures of the thermal plant have been acquired. Through this research, the stable range of a 2-DOF parameter for only this system could be found for the start-up procedure and this parameter could be used for the tuning problem. Also, this paper addressed whether an intelligent tuning method based on immune network algorithms can be used effectively in tuning these controllers.

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THE STUDY ON THE REMOVAL TORQUE OF THE DIAMOND LIKE CARBON COATED TITANIUM ABUTMENT SCREWS (DLC 표면 처리에 따른 임플랜트 지대주 나사의 풀림 현상에 관한 연구)

  • Koak Jai-Young;Heo Seong-Joo;Chang Ik-Tae;Yim Soon-Ho;Lee Jong-Yeop;Lee Kwang-Ryeol
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.128-135
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    • 2003
  • Statement of problem : Implant screw loosening remains a problem in implant prosthodontics. Some abutment screws with treated surfaces were introduced to prevent screw loosening and to increase preload. DLC(Diamond Like Carbon) film has similar properties on hardness, wear resistance, chemical stability, biocompatibility as real diamond materials. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lubricant layer on abutment screw and to discriminate more effective method between soft lubricant and hard lubricant to prevent screw loosening. Material and method : In this study, $1{\mu}m$ thickness DLC was used as protective, lubricating layer of titanium screws and 3 times removal torque was measured on the abutment screws to investigate the difference in 10 coated and 10 non-coated abutment screws. Results : The results indicated that the implants with DLC coating group were not more resistant to the applied force in screw loosening. At 32Ncm, the 3 times removal torque in DLC group were $27.75{\pm}2.89,\;25.85{\pm}2.35$ and $26.2{\pm}2.57$. The removal torque in no-coated abutment screws were $27.85{\pm}4.23,\;27.35{\pm}2.81$ and $27.9{\pm}2.31$, respectively. Conclusion : The lubricant layer used in this study was Diamond Like Carbon(DLC) and it have a properties of hard and stable layer. The DLC coating layer was hard enough to prevent distortion of screws in the repeated unscrewing procedure in clinical situation. The reduced friction coefficient in hard DLC layer was not effective to prevent screw loosening.