• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.105-115
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• 2022

Wearing a mask is still advised since COVID-19 continues to spread. However, masks may also irritate the skin and cause mask acne, often known as "maskne", which is a type of acne mechanica caused by friction between the skin and clothing. Therefore, there is a need to develop an effective maskne cosmetic. In this study, we made the maskne cosmetics containing humulus lupulus extract and copper tripeptide-1 and investigated its stability and safety. To measure stability, a centrifugation test and heat-cool cycling were done, and changes in viscosity and pH were measured for 8 weeks. The Cumulative Irritation Test (CIT, WKIRB-202111-HR-096) was performed and positive reactions were determined by the ICDRG criteria. The results indicated that the samples were stable after centrifugation, temperature cycling, viscosity, and pH tests. In addition, cosmetic safety test results revealed that maskne cosmetics containing humulus lupulus extract and copper tripeptide-1 did not cause any skin responses. These findings indicate that prepared maskne cosmetics' stability and safety were comparable to those of currently available commercial cosmetics.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.415-431
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• 1997

Stability equations that evaluate the elastic critical axial load of stepped columns under extreme and intermediate concentrated axial loads in any type of construction with sidesway totally inhibited, partially inhibited and uninhibited are derived in a classical manner. These equations can be utilized in the stability analysis of framed structures (totally braced, partially braced, and unbraced) with stepped columns with rigid, semirigid, and simple connetions. The proposed column classification and the corresponding stability equations overcome the limitations of current methods which are based on a classification of braced and unbraced columns. The proposed stability equations include the effects of: 1) semirigid connections; 2) step variation in the column cross section at the point of application of the intermediate axial load; and 3) lateral and rotational restraints at the intermediate connection and at the column ends. The proposed method consists in determining the eigenvalue of a $2{\times}2$ matrix for a braced column at the two ends and of a $3{\times}3$ matrix for a partially braced or unbraced column. The stability analysis can be carried out directly with the help of a pocket calculator. The proposed method is general and can be extended to multi-stepped columns. Various examples are include to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and to verify that the calculated results are exact. Definite minimum bracing criteria for single stepped columns is also presented.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.81-92
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• 2014

The integrity evaluation of river levee includes slope stability evaluation of riverside land and protected low-land, and safety of piping with respect to critical gradient and critical velocity based on related regulations, such as Design Criteria Rivers Commentary (2009), Structural Design Criteria Based Commentary (2009). The design hydro-graph is the most important design input factor for the integrity evaluation; it can be inaccurate due to the absence of its decision methods suggested by the national level. The authors in this paper evaluated numerical analytic levee integrity for piping and slope stability by changing each design hydro-graph, including rising ordinary water level, lasting flood water level, falling water level, and flood frequency for Mun-san-jae on Nak-dong River. Finally, the authors suggested that the levee integrity of piping and slope stability are very sensitive to the changes of increasing time of ordinary water level by 57 hours and lasting time of the flood water level by 53 hours, respectively, for Mun-san-jae.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1444-1452
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• 2011

At present, Kyungbu high-speed railway is operated with 300km/h, Honam high-speed railway is being constructed with 350km/h, and the development for the overhead contact line system is to be conducted for the next-generation high-speed railway with the speed of 400km/h. It is necessary to set up the specification and criteria for the key parts such as dropper, termination clamp and tension insulator for the 400km/h railway line. In this paper, the specification and the criteria for dropper, termination clamp and tension insulator has been reviewed and proposed in order to secure long-term reliability and stability under the maximum speed of 400km/h. Also, the specification, criteria and international standards for 300km/h class and 350km/h class railway line system and the international standards related with the insulators have been reviewed, compared and analysed.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.102-107
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• 1991

This study a reliability based design criteria for the Pile foundation, Which is common type of bridge founfation, and also proposes the theoretical bases limit state equations of stalbility analvsis of Pile foundation and the uncertainty measuring algorithms of each equation are also derived by MFOSM using the pile reations of displacement method, Terzaghi's bearing capacity formula, and chang's lateral load formula. The Level of uncertainties comesponding to these algorithms are proposed approprite values considering our actuality. It may be asserted that the proposed LRFD reliability based design criteria for the pile foundation may have to be incorporated in to the current Highway Bridge Design codes as a design provision corresponding to the USD(or LFD) provisions of the current Highway Bridge Design Code.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.6 s.61
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• pp.101-107
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• 2004

In this paper, the design criteria of future container crane for megaships are investigated. The current loading/unloading capacity of a typical container crane, roughly 30 moves/hr, is too law to meet the requirements of future super containerships, which are expected over 15,000 TEU. After examining the transition of containerships through the years and studying the research trend in developed countries, the specifications of the container crane that can Meet a 15,000 TEU containership are proposed. The structure, trolley and hoist mechanism, outreach, backreach, capacity, speeds, durability, and stability of the future container crane are described.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was designed to identify the effects of carrying bag positions (None, left hand, right hand, left shoulder, right shoulder) on static balance. Methods : Fourteen healthy adult females participated in the this study. The exclusion criteria were orthopedic or neurologic disease, predominant left side. Measurements were performed initial effects. Results were evaluated by OSI, APSI, and MLSI in the biodex stability system. Results : There are among the three assessments (overall stability index(OSI), antero-posterior stability index (APSI), medio-lateral stability index(MLSI) significants difference for the carrying bags positions (None bag, left hand, right hand, left shoulder, right shoulder)(p<.05). The post-hoc test revealed a significant difference between none bag and both left hand and left shoulder in the OSI, APSI, MLSI (p<.05). Also, comparing the carrying positions significant difference between right hand and both left hand and left shoulder in the MLSI (p<.05). Conclusion : The results suggest that none dominant side with carrying bag improve more imbalance than none bag and right hand of dominant with carrying bag improve more balance than non dominant side. When comparing the four carrying bag conditions, right hand was more effective than another conditions in static balance.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.305-317
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• 2011

This paper presents an overview on flutter boundary prediction in tests which is principally based on a system stability measure, named Jury's stability criterion, defined in the discrete-time domain, accompanied with the use of autoregressive moving-average (AR-MA) representation of a sampled sequence of wing responses excited by continuous air turbulences. Stability parameters applicable to two-, three- and multi-mode systems, that is, the flutter margin for discrete-time systems derived from Jury's criterion are also described. Actual applications of these measures to flutter tests performed in subsonic, transonic and supersonic wind tunnels, not only stationary flutter tests but also a nonstationary one in which the dynamic pressure increased in a fixed rate, are presented. An extension of the concept of nonstationary process approach to an analysis of flutter prediction of a morphing wing for which the instability takes place during the process of structural morphing will also be mentioned. Another extension of analytical approach to a multi-mode aeroelastic system is presented, too. Comparisons between the prediction based on the digital techniques mentioned above and the traditional damping method are given. A future possible application of the system stability approach to flight test will be finally discussed.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1163-1175
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• 2016

In recent years, microgrids have been the focus of considerable attention in distributed energy distribution. Microgrids contain a large number of power electronic devices that can potentially cause negative impedance instability. Harmonic impedance is an important tool to analyze stability and power quality of microgrids. Harmonic impedance can also be used in harmonic source localization. Precise measurement of microgrid impedance and analysis of system stability with impedances are essential to increase stability. In this study, we introduce a new square wave current injection method for impedance measurement and stability analysis. First, three stability criteria based on impedance parameters are presented. Then, we present a new impedance measurement method for microgrids based on square wave current injection. By injecting an unbalanced line-to-line current between two lines of the AC system, the method determines all impedance information in the traditional synchronous reference frame d-q model. Finally, the microgrid impedances of each part and the overall microgrid are calculated to verify the measurement results. In the experiments, a simulation model of a three-phase AC microgrid is developed using PSCAD, and the AC system harmonic impedance measuring device is developed.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2021

In the conventional experiment to assess the towing operations, the towing stability of the towed vessel has been evaluated under the condition without lateral motion of the tug-boat. However, the tug-boats may have a lateral force to change the direction of the towed vessel. In this study, experiments have been conducted considering unsteady conditions in the towing system. First, a towing test system in a Circular Water Channel (CWC) using the conventional experimental method is built. Second, the towing characteristics of the towed vessel are investigated using the conventional method, and they are compared with other research results and stability discriminant criteria. Third, the lateral motion of the tug-boat was modeled as a sinusoidal motion using a forced oscillation device changing frequency and amplitude. Finally, the discussion is given in terms of both towing- and course-stability of the towed vessel according to the lateral motion of the tug-boat.