• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.639-648
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• 2014

As provider-centered medical environment has changed into consumer-centered, this study intends to improve the efficiency of management by motivation to administrative staffs and improvement in job satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence job satisfaction among administrative staffs in a metropolitan university hospitals. Survey of 305 people in total were used in the data analysis. AMOS 21 Ver. was used to perform Structural model(SEM) equation. First, the validation results showed the follow results $X^2=206.776$, df=77, Q=2.685, P<.001, GFI=.915, TLI=.927, CFI=.946, RMSEA=.074, which supported this research's significance. Second, compensation and working conditions positively affected motivation. Third, motivation positively influenced job satisfaction. Fourth, communication positively influenced job satisfaction. Fifth, after adjusting the mediating effect, in the relationship between compensation and job satisfaction, it was proved that motivation was a complete mediator. Incase of the relationship between the working conditions and job satisfaction, motivation acted as a partial mediator. Fair and reasonable compensation and employment stability, benefits and other working conditions, better internal and external communication between the organization are to increase job satisfaction. To do this, an administrator needs to have attention and will, and a variety of education and training programs need to be developed. The purpose of this study is to provide basic grounds for future policies related to increasing administrative staffs' job satisfaction.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

In order to increase the compatibility of polypropylene (PP) and kenaf fiber (KF) felt, PP/KF and PP/KF/polyurethane (PU) felt composites were prepared by treating KF with three kinds of silane coupling agents. The concentration of silane coupling agents was fixed at 1 wt%. The chemical reaction between KF and silane coupling agents was confirmed by the existence of Si-O-Si and Si-O-C functional group bands appeared on FT-IR and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Thermal properties of PP/KF composites were investigated by DSC and TGA, and the thermal stability of PP/KF composites with treated KF increased. Based on tensile, flexural and impact properties of PP/KF and PP/KF/PU composites, 1-2 wt% of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APS) contents were the optimum formulation as a compatibilizer. The tensile and flexural strength of the felt composites treated with the silane coupling agents were improved. This is mainly due to the improvement in the compatibility between PP and KF, which was confirmed by SEM images of the fractured surfaces after tension tests.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.533-540
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• 2018

Graphene has been reported to be an excellent lubricant additive that reduces friction and wear when coated on the surface of various materials or when dispersed in lubricants as an atomic thin material with the low surface energy. In this study, alkyl functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) nanosheets for oil-based lubricant additives were prepared by using three types of alkyl chloride chemicals (butyl chloride, octyl chloride, and tetradecyl chloride). The chemical and structural properties of the synthesized FGOs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The synthesized FGOs were dispersed at 0.02 wt% in PAO-0W40 oil and its tribological characteristics were investigated using a high frequency friction/wear tester. The friction coefficient and the wear track width of poly alpha olefin (PAO) oil added with FGO-14 were tested by a ball-on-disk method, and the measured results were reduced by ~5.88 and ~3.8%, respectively compared with those of the conventional PAO oil. Thus, it was found that the wear resistance of PAO oil was improved. In this study, we demonstrated the successful functionalization of GO as well as the improvement of dispersion stability and tribological characteristics of FGOs based on various alkyl chain lengths.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2012

This study was conducted to improve quality of takju where natural honey is used to control the ripening fermentation and the amount of sediment derived from takju mash. A koji was prepared using rice starch and Aspergillus awamori var. kawachii. Takju mash was prepared by alcohol fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a 3-step addition of steamed rice. The clean part of the mash (CPM) was separated from the sediment at $5^{\circ}C$ and 5% (w/v) of natural honey was added and then ripened for 23 days at 5, 10, or $15^{\circ}C$. Temperature, pH, acidity, and total sugar content showed no significant differences, but a 0.2 percent reduction in alcohol content occurred during storage. However, CPM ripened with honey had a comparatively higher score on sensory evaluation than did immature CPM with added honey added. Takju with 8% alcohol content was prepared by mixing the water from the mixed CPM ripened with honey together with 100, 50, and 25% of the frozen sediment. Several quality characteristics of the takju were checked over 37 days of fermentation at $10^{\circ}C$. The pH was sustained between 4.1 and 4.3, and changes in the number of viable yeast cells, acidity, total sugar amounts, and alcohol content showed similar patterns but differences in scale. Smaller amounts of sediment affected the stability of the takju. Mixing the CPM ripened with natural honey at low temperature moderately reduced the amount of sediment in the mash and resulted in a highly flavorful takju with an extended shelf life.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.733-741
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• 2005

Waxy barley flour was fermented by two kinds of starter cultures; L. plantarum and L. brevis, alone or in combination and the effect was evaluated on waxy barley and wheat composite bread quality. In all three barley sourdoughs, fermentation decreased the pH, total sugar and reducing sugar, and increased lactic acid bacteria cell numbers. However yeasts (S. cerevisiae) were reduced. There was significant difference in physicochemical characteristics between the reference(composite barley dough containing improvement agent) and the barley sourdoughs (p <0.05). Barley sourdough fermented by L. plantarum showed more desirable farinogram properties of peak time, stability and elasticity than that of the reference. The rheofermentometer data for L. brevis produced the most $CO_2$ release curve, whereas L. plantarum held maximum $CO_2$ retention differed significantly from that of the breads made with barley sourdoughs fermented with the respectives starter cultures (p < 0.05). Barley sourdough bread fermented with L. plantarum resulted in better bread quality than the reference bread. The positive effect of fermentation with L. plantarum on bread quality was evident when comparing the well developed protein-starch matrix structure of the bread baked with barley sourdough with the reference bread.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.315-320
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• 2014

Recently, although the requirement of quality of VOD content has been transferred upto the class of HD, conventional management systems characterized by OS dependency are truly limited in quality of video image, stability, and compatibility of network environments. In addition most of the content management systems realize very limited capabilities for the real affairs of content management and distribution services in such an OS dependent environment. In this paper, we propose a new scheme of HD-Class VOD Content Management System to solve these problems. We design and implement the proposed system based on open sources by using H.264 video compression method. The proposed system offers high quality content management method based on opened systems and independent on-line distribution method so that it can be realized as an integrated management scheme for VOD contents. Moreover, our system solves the problems of occasional cutting-down video, small screen, and poor image quality that exist in the conventional wmv-type CMS. According to the result of performance evaluation, our system maintains sufficient performance and tolerence for the case of large scale HD content operations or fabrications. We expect that the proposed integrated DB scheme will especially be effective when the content management applications are changed from Internet Web environments to mobile terminal environments.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 2014

This study was conducted to develop natural additive for the improvement of lipid stability and the suppression of pathogenic contamination during the storage periods of fermented sausage. Fermented sausage prepared with grapefruit extract showed good suppression of lipid oxidation and pathogenic bacterial growth, and it was higher than that of fermented sausage prepared with nitrate until 7 days of storage. Fermented sausage prepared with treatment A (sodium nitrate and L. acidophilus), B (sodium nitrate and L. brevis), C (ascorbic acid and L. brevis) and D (grapefruit extract and L. brevis) were compared. As results, treatment C and D showed the lowest pH changes among treatments, and the highest growth of lactic acid bacteria was represented in treatment D. In the suppression effect of E. coli, the bacterial count was below 100 in all treatment except the treatment A. There were no differences among treatment in the brightness of meat color (p<0.05). Treatment D showed significantly high values in the redness, but showed the lowest values in the yellowness. In sensory and texture test, treatment C and D were superior compared to others. Therefore, grapefruit was represented as a good source of antioxidant for fermented sausage, and L. brevis isolated from kimchi was effect in lowering pH value of sausage during fermentation and it was also effective to persist fermentation during storage period and to reduce the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria by the suppression of their growth.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.130-137
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• 1992

The Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile(AN) and styrene(ST) onto chloroprene rubber(CR) were carried out with benzoyl peroxide(BPO) as an initiator. The synthesized graft copolymer(ACS) was separated from polymeric mixture by the extraction with ethyl acetate and n-hexane, acetone and methanol, dimethylformamide(DMF) and methanol mixed solvent systems. The graft copolymer obtained, acrylonitrile-chloroprene-styrene(ACS) was identified by IR spectrophotometer. The effect of mole ratio of styrene to acrylonitrile, reaction time and temperature, initiator concentration, CR content and solvents on graft copolymerization were examined. It was observed that the grafting efficiency increased with [ST]/[AN] mole ratio and reaction time. The grafting efficiency increased with increasing initiator concentration and CR content. The maximum grafting efficiency was obtained when the mole ratio of [ST]/[AN] was 1.5 and reaction was made at 40hrs, and $70^{\circ}C$ using chloroform/toluene mixed solvent. The thermal properties, light resistance and flammability of ACS were compared with those of ABS and AES. It was found that flame retardancy of related polymers increased in the order ACS>ABS>AES. The thermal stability of ACS was greatly improved when compared with ABS or AES. Morphology of ACS was also investigated by using a transmisson electron microscope(TEM).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of skill level and width between feet on kinematic and kinetic variables during jump rope single under with both feet. Method: Fifteen subjects in the skilled group (age: $10.85{\pm}0.40yrs$, height: $142.13{\pm}5.41cm$, weight: $36.97{\pm}6.65kg$) and 15 subjects in the unskilled group (age: $10.85{\pm}0.40yrs$, height: $143.31{\pm}5.54cm$, weight: $40.81{\pm}10.39kg$) participated in this study. Results: Participants in the skilled group minimized the anteroposterior displacement of their center of mass by modifying the width between their feet and decreased the range of motion (ROM) of their trunk in the sagittal plane. The preferred width during the jump rope decreased by 5.61~6.11 cm (32~37%) in comparison to width during static standing. The induced width was increased by 16.44~16.67 cm (82~85%), regardless of skill level. The kinematic variables of the left and right legs of members of the unskilled group were significantly different from those of members in the skilled group regarding the ROM of the hip, knee, and ankle joint. Otherwise, the members of the skilled group were consistent in terms of the kinematic variables of the right and left legs. Conclusion: The preferred width between feet during the jump rope was found to be beneficial for maintaining dynamic stability. The unskilled group exhibited asymmetry in left and right motion within the ranges of motion of the ankle, knee, and hip joints, regardless of the width. Therefore, long-term accurate jump rope motions will contribute to an improvement in the left and right imbalances of the entire body.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.68-79
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• 2008

Aortic AIx(augmentation index) has been used to measure aortic stiffness quantitatively and even to evaluate ventricular load. However, in order to calculate aortic AIx catheters should be inserted to the subjects' artery, which hampers its clinical usage. To overcome such limitation, aortic AIx has been indirectly calculated by estimating aortic pressure wave from the peripheral arterial pulse by applying transfer functions. In this study, central aortic pressure waves using Millar catheter and radial artery pulse waves using tonometry pressure sensor were measured to establish transfer functions for an estimation of central aortic pressure waves from radial artery pulse waves. Also, an algorithm which detects augmentation point for the calculation of AIx were developed. Developed algorithm for the detection of augmentation point gradually increases the differential order to detect inflection point rather than detects the distinctive point that appears after a specific time. Transfer functions were established using 10th order ARX model and were verified for the stability of the transfer function through residual analysis. Evaluation of an algorithm for the detection of augmentation point were performed by comparing the augmentation points obtained from developed algorithm with the known augmentation points synthesized in various conditions. In addition, developed algorithm for the AIx is proved to provide more accurate results than the ones developed by previous studies. The significance of the study was in two folds. Firstly, the results could provide the basis for the measurement of aortic stiffness using easily-measurable radial artery pulse waves, and secondly, extension of the study may enable the early diagnosis of various vascular diseases.