• Title/Summary/Keyword: St. Louis

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Analysis of Highway Hazardous Area by Sun Glare Intensity Using GIS Simulation (GIS Simulation을 이용한 태양광에 의한 교통사고 위험지역 분석)

  • Kim, Ho-Yong;Baik, Ho-Jong
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.91-100
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    • 2010
  • Existing traffic safety studies have focused on identifying the relationship among roadway crashes, highway design and incremental weather condition such as rainy/ice weather. However, it is hard to find researches that studied the effect of sun glare on traffic safety although there are abundant evidences demonstrating that fatal traffic crashes are attributed to the sun glare. Affecting drivers'vision particularly during the morning or the evening time when the sun positions close to the horizon, sun glare directly deteriorate drivers'judgmental capability. In this paper, we numerically analyze the effect of sun glare on the drivers'vision in time and space domains. Applied to the roadways around St Louis area in the United States, the GIS based simulation analysis identifies the time of day in a year and the segments of highways that are potentially influenced by the sun glare. This study evidentially confirms the fact that roadway bounded for West and East directions have longer time influenced by sun glare particularly during Spring and Fall season than other roadways. The computational result provides risky time periods of day at intersections or pedestrian crossings where the sun glare potentially endangers traffic safety, which be utilized to reduce the crashes due to the sun glare.

Measles Specific IgG in Adolescents (청소년기의 홍역 특이 IgG)

  • Yoon, Jae Kyun;Shin, Young Kyoo;Lee, Kee Hyoung;Choung, Ji Tae;Tockgo, Young Chang
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 1997
  • Purpose : To determine the age-specific seropositivity and the level of measles specific IgG in vaccinated adolescents, the measles specific IgG titers were measured from the sera of junior & senior high school students in Seoul, Korea. Methods : From May to July in 1996, 216 sera were collected from junior & senior high school students(male : 110, female : 106) aged 12 to 17 years who were vaccinated and had no history of natural measles. Measles specific IgG titers were measured using ELISA method($SIA^{TM}$ Measles IgG Kit, Sigma Co. St. Louis, Mo). Results : The seropositivity of measles specific IgG in vaccinated adolescents aged 12 to 17 years was 91.2%. There were no significant correlations between age and seropositivity as well as between age and measles specific IgG level. Conclusions : We consider that our data suggest the necessity of revaccination of measles in adolescents. Further considerations should be required to establish an appropriate revaccination method and to evaluate the efficacy of revaccination of previously vaccinated adolescents.

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Imaging of Tumor Proliferation Using Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine (Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine을 이용한 종양세포증식의 영상화에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Min Kyung-Yoon;Kim, Chang-Guhn;Kim, Hyun-Jeong;Lim, Hyung-Guhn;Rho, Ji-Young;Juhng Seon-Kwan;Won Jong-Jin;Yang, David J.
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.344-350
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    • 1996
  • Purpose : Noninvasive imaging of tumor cell proliferation could be helpful in the evaluation of tumor growth potential and could provide an early assessment of treatment response. Radiolabeled thymidine, uridine and adenosine have been used to evaluate tumor cell proliferation. These nucleoside analogs are incorporated into DNA during proliferation. Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine, an analog of Iodine-131-Iododeoxyuridine, is also involved in DNA/RNA synthesis. The purpose of this study was to develop Iodine-131-Iodomethylurdine and image tumor proliferation using Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine. Materials and Methods : Radiosynthesis of Iodine-131-5-Iodo-2'-O-methyluridine (Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine) was prepared from 10 mg of 2'-O-methyluridine(Sigma chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri) and 2.1 mCi(SP. 10Ci/mg) of Iodine-131-labeled sodium iodide in $100{\mu}l$ of water using iodogen reaction. Female Fischer 344 rats were inoculated in the thigh area with breast tumor cells(13765 NF, $10^5$ cells/rat S.C.). After 14 days, the Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine $10{\mu}Ci$ was injected to three groups of rats(3/group). The percent of injected dose per gram of tissue weight was determined at 0.5-hours, 2-hours, 4-hours, and 24-hours respectively. Tumor bearing rats after receiving Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine($50{\mu}Ci$ IV) were euthanized at 2 hours after injection. Autoradiography was done using freeze-dried $50{\mu}m$ coronal section. After injection of Iodine-131- Iodomethyluridine ($10{\mu}Ci$/rat, IV) in three breast tumor-bearing rats, planar scintigraphy was taken at 45 minutes, 90 minutes and 24 hours. Results : Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine was conveniently synthesized using iodogen reaction. The biodistribution showed fast blood clearance and the tumor-to-tissue uptake ratios showed that optimal imaging time was at 2 hours postinjection. Autoradiogram and planar scintigram indicated that tumor could be well visualized. Conclusion : The findings suggest that Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine, a new radio-iodinated nucleoside, has potential use for evaluation of active regions of tumor growth.

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The Development of a Scale to Measure the Innovation Configurations of STEAM and Analysis of Relationship between the Innovation Configurations and the Usage Levels of STEAM (융합인재교육 실행형태의 측정도구 개발 및 실행형태와 실행수준의 관계 분석)

  • Lee, Jin Suk;Song, Tae Ho
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.755-765
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    • 2019
  • This study aims to develop the scales to measure the innovation configurations of Science. Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics (STEAM) from the perspective of elementary school teachers and investigates the effect of the innovation configurations and related environmental factors on the usage levels of STEAM based on the newly developed scales for the innovation configurations of STEAM. The scales for the innovation configurations of STEAM are based on analyzing the various previous studies and in-depth interviews and consist of four sub-configurations: The 'Preparation,' 'Design,' 'Implementation,' and 'Evaluation.' The innovation configurations of STEAM was investigated with the developed scales through 266 teachers who are leading STEAM school teachers, are involved in STEAM research group, or are implementing STEAM in general schools. The final 19 questionnaires for the scale of the innovation configuration of STEAM are confirmed with exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. In order to examine the relationship between the innovation configurations and levels of use, the direct relationship between four sub-configurations and the usage levels of STEAM and the effect of environmental factors on the innovation configuration and the usage levels of STEAM have been conducted and their interactions are considered. The results show that 'Implementation' in the innovation configurations of STEAM and 'STEAM training experience' are most important factors to improve the usage levels of STEAM for elementary school teachers. It implies that the scales are very helpful in improving as well as figuring out the current innovation configurations of STEAM.

Extracting Silhouettes of a Polyhedral Model from a Curved Viewpoint Trajectory (곡선 궤적의 이동 관측점에 대한 다면체 모델의 윤곽선 추출)

  • Kim, Gu-Jin;Baek, Nak-Hun
    • Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2002
  • The fast extraction of the silhouettes of a model is very useful for many applications in computer graphics and animation. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm to compute a sequence of perspective silhouettes for a polyhedral model from a moving viewpoint. The viewpoint is assumed to move along a trajectory q(t), which is a space curve of a time parameter t. Then, we can compute the time-intervals for each edge of the model to be contained in the silhouette by two major computations: (i) intersecting q(t) with two planes and (ii) a number of dot products. If q(t) is a curve of degree n, then there are at most of n + 1 time-intervals for an edge to be in a silhouette. For each time point $t_i$ we can extract silhouette edges by searching the intervals containing $t_i$ among the computed intervals. For the efficient search, we propose two kinds of data structures for storing the intervals: an interval tree and an array. Our algorithm can be easily extended to compute the parallel silhouettes with minor modifications.

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Tele-metering

  • Hearte, L.O.
    • 전기의세계
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    • v.2
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 1949
  • Telemetering may be described as the art of metering at a considerable distance those quantities which are ordinarily encountered in industry, and in the generation of electric power. It is in the production of electric power that telemetering is particularly important, for it permits the system operator, or load dispatcher, to have before him at all times a continuous graphic record of the power output of each individual generating station together with an automatically made continuous graphic record of the total system output. There desired individual graphic records may be obtained showing power flow in or out, on important tie lines, etc. Such arrangements have the very great advantage that loads may be assigned to each generating station so that the best over-all system economy may be obtained and the system operator at all times may see with his own eyes that loads scheduled are actually held at the various stations. Moreover, with such equipment, in the event of system or station trouble the load dispatcher can see exactly what station, or stations, are affected and to what extent, without having to get in touch with anyone by telephone. Decisions can, therefore, be quickly reached for rescheduling the load. One of the most accurate and reliable telemetering systems is based on the use of potentiometric circuits, the fundamentals of which are discussed below. A member of such telemetering systems have been installed for the Boston Edicon Co., Boston, Massachusetts, the Consolidated Edison Co. of New York City. The Public Service Gas & Electric Co. of Newark, new Jersey. The Philadelphia Electric Co. for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for their electrified zone between New York and Washington a distance of over 200 miles. The scale of the totalizing recorder for the New York area is 3,000,00 KW. That of the totalizing recorder for the Philadelphia area is 2,000,000 KW. The initial installation using this type of equipment described was placed in service for the Philadelphia Electric Co. in 1923. All of the original recording instruments are still in service, later instruments have been added to take care of additions to the power system and naturally these later recorders have incorporated in those refinements in design made since the earlier ones were manufactured. Many other installations of similar equipment have been made in the United States in various locations such as at St. Louis, on the West Coast, at Baltimore and in Washington, D.C. While the use of these basic potentiometric circuits involves the use of continuous metallic circuits of good insulation resistance and free of grounds, nevertheless, intermediate transmission links, involving and impulse method suitable for use on telephone Morse carrier channels is available. This same method may be employed on power line carrier systems and is also suitable for use on beam type microwave transmission. Many impulse type units are also used as a link in these potantiometric methods. For the sake of brevity a description is given only of these basic potentiometric circuits. If there is sufficient interest in Korea, a further paper can be given covering those impulse circuits also.

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Supplementing Maize or Soybean Hulls to Cattle Fed Rice Straw:Intake, Apparent Digestion, In situ Disappearance and Ruminal Dynamics

  • Von, Nguyen Tien;St. Louis, David G.;Orr, Adam I.;Rude, Brian J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.807-817
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    • 2008
  • Steers with ad libitum access to rice straw were assigned to four diets to evaluate the effects of maize or soybean hull supplementation on intake, in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, VFA, ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) and in situ ruminal disappearance of feed nutrients by cattle consuming rice straw. Supplement treatments were: no supplement (RS); soybean meal at 0.127% BW (SBM); cracked maize at 0.415% BW plus 0.044% BW soybean meal (MAIZE); or soybean hulls at 0.415% BW plus 0.044% BW soybean meal (HULLS). The MAIZE and HULLS diets were formulated to provide approximately 4 MJ of $NE_m$ per kg of diet. Rice straw DMI was not affected (p = 0.34) by supplement. Apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility was greater (p<0.001) for MAIZE and HULLS (56.6 and 60.0%, respectively) than for steers consuming SBM or RS (51.8 and 44.4%, respectively). Apparent NDF digestibility was greater (p<0.0004) for HULLS than MAIZE (61.7 vs. 58.0%, respectively) and apparent ADF digestibility was greater (p<0.0008) for HULLS than MAIZE (61.1 vs. 49.2%, respectively). There was no difference in apparent hemicellulose digestibility (p = 0.43). Analysis of ruminal fluid collected 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post-feeding revealed ammonia-nitrogen was greatest (p<0.05) for steers on SBM and HULLS diets at 2 h (24.08 and 22.57 mg/dl, respectively) and total volatile fatty acids was greatest (p<0.05) for HULLS at 4 h (230 mM/L). In situ disappearance, measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 24 h, indicated that SBM, MAIZE and HULLS tended to enhance the digestibility of DM and fiber components of rice straw. In situ disappearance of rice straw DM was greatest for SBM and/or HULLS from 4 to 24 h (p = 0.03). Rice straw NDF and ADF disappearance was enhanced by supplementation from 16 to 24 h (p<0.02). Rice straw DM, NDF and ADF disappearances at 24 h were similar for MAIZE and HULLS treatments. When feeding cattle rice straw diets, energy and protein-based supplements are essential. This study showed that fiber-based supplements are just as, if not more, effective as starch-based supplements in rice straw utilization. This study shows that soybean hulls, in spite of their high fiber content, are as efficient as maize for supplementing rice straw primarily because fiber in soybean hulls is highly digestible as shown by in vivo digestibility and in situ disappearance.

Factors that Affect on the Necessity of Establishment of Eco-friendly Hospital (친환경 병원 도입필요성에 영향을 미치는 요인)

  • Kang, Jung-Kyu;Kim, Jae-Woo;Kim, Sung-Ho
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.285-294
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this research study is to analyze the influence on the necessity of establishment of eco-friendly hospital by evaluating hospital employees' awareness and their satisfaction level of working environment. Questionnaire investigation was conducted in April 2014 throughout five different medium-size hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheongbuk provinces. 213 sets of survey were used to conduct Frequency Analysis, T-test, Dispersion Analysis(ANOVA) and Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. The research concluded that employees with higher level of education, working position and longer term of working experience were more aware about Eco-friendly hospital. In addition, male, doctor, and employees with higher level of education and working position were more satisfied with their working environment. And male, employees with higher level of education and working position were more aware about necessity of establishment of eco-friendly hospital. According to the Structural Equation Modeling Analysis, the awareness of Eco-friendly hospital and the satisfaction level of working environment were the varying factors that influence the necessity of establishment of Eco-friendly hospital. Therefore, it is crucial for hospitals that are preparing for establishing Eco-friendly hospital to raise employees' level of understanding of Eco-friendly hospital and their working environment satisfaction level.

Enhanced Calreticulin Expression Promotes Calcium-dependent Apoptosis in Postnatal Cardiomyocytes

  • Lim, Soyeon;Chang, Woochul;Lee, Byoung Kwon;Song, Heesang;Hong, Ja Hyun;Lee, Sunju;Song, Byeong-Wook;Kim, Hye-Jung;Cha, Min-Ji;Jang, Yangsoo;Chung, Namsik;Choi, Soon-Yong;Hwang, Ki-Chul
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.390-396
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    • 2008
  • Calreticulin (CRT) is one of the major $Ca^{2+}$ binding chaperone proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and an unusual luminal ER protein. Postnatally elevated expression of CRT leads to impaired development of the cardiac conductive system and may be responsible for the pathology of complete heart block. In this study, the molecular mechanisms that affect $Ca^{2+}$-dependent signal cascades were investigated using CRT-overexpressing cardiomyocytes. In particular, we asked whether calreticulin plays a critical role in the activation of $Ca^{2+}$-dependent apoptosis. In the cells overexpressing CRT, the intracellular calcium concentration was significantly increased and the activity of PKC and level of SECAR2a mRNA were reduced. Phosphorylation of Akt and ERKs decreased compared to control. In addition the activity of the anti-apoptotic factor, Bcl-2, was decreased and the activities of pro-apoptotic factor, Bax, p53 and caspase 8 were increased, leading to a dramatic augmentation of caspase 3 activity. Our results suggest that enhanced CRT expression in mature cardiomyocytes disrupts intracellular calcium regulation, leading to calcium-dependent apoptosis.

Effects of Coriandrum sativum L. on Lipid Contents in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (식이내 고수(Coriandrum sativum L.)의 첨가가 당뇨성 흰쥐의 혈장과 간의 지질함량에 미치는 영향)

  • 황금희;윤연희;최인선;최옥자;강성구
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.684-691
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    • 2001
  • This study was designed to investigate the effects of Coriandrum sativum L. on lipid metabolism in nondiaetic and stretozotocin-induced diabetic.Thirty two mael Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 108$\pm$13 g were divided into four groups as follow: control (C), leaf(L), seed (S) and root (R) groups. For four weeks of experimental periods, the C group were fed basal diet and the L, S and R groups were fed Coriandru sativum L. diets containing 5% dried leaf, seed and root of Coriandrum sativum L, respectively. diet intakes, weight gain and food efficiency were not significantly different among the four groups. The liver and heart weights of L, s and R groups were significantly different amount the control group. The levels of plasma insulin was significantly increased but the plasma glucose levels was not decreased in all Coriandrum group. The levels of plasma lipids was not significantly different among the four groups. the levels of plasma total cholesterol was significantly decreased in R groups. The levels of plasma and liver TBARS values were significantly decreased in R groups. The levels of plasma vitamin E were tendency to decrease in all coriandum groups. These results indicate feeding diet with coriander did not show the hypolipidemic effect but show the antioxidative effect.

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