• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2009

The purpose of this epidemiologic study was to provide clinically useful information on the fundamentals for both the diagnosis and treatment planning of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which comprises $80{\sim}90%$ of all oral cancers. One hundred and forty two patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma were selected from a total of 220 patients with oral malignancies. The patients' medical and follow-up records were reviewed and their survival was traced. The highest occurrence rate was observed in those aged between 60 and 69 years. The tongue was the most common primary site(31.7%) for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The overall five-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients was 66.90%. The 5-year survival rate according to stage was 85.82% for stage I, and 49.98% for stage IV. The five-year survival rate according to the originating site was 91.67% for the retromolar trigone, 75.30% for the tongue, and 62.41% for the maxillary gingiva. In terms of cell differentiation, the majority(58.5%) was the well-differentiated type, which had a 5-year survival rate of 70.62%.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 2001

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomere repeats. It has been reported that activation of telomerase was associtated with immortalization, proliferative activity and carcinogenesis. Recently, telomerase activity has been extensively studied in many kinds of malignant tumors for clinical diagnostic and/or prognostic utilities. In neuroblastoma, breast carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, close relationship has been reported between high telomerase activity and lymph node metastasis, tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical implication of telomerase activity assay as an adjunctive factor in decision-making on neck node management, speedy pre-operative judging on histologic malignancy grading. Thus we performed semi-quantitative assay of telomerase activity using Telomerase PCR ELISA $kit^{(R)}$(Boeringer Manheim, Germany) and evaluated correlation between telomerase activity and tumor size, neck node metastasis, Anneroth malignancy score and influence of pre-operative chemotherapy on its activity in 27 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas and 18 cases of normal oral epithelium. Also, correlation between telomerase activities and PCNA indices was evaluated. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The telomerase activities were detected in 24 specimens out of 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens (88.9%) and in 5 specimens out of 18 normal oral epithelium specimens (27.8%). The mean value of telomerase activities was $0.9793{\pm}0.3428$ in 24 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens and $0.4855{\pm}0.1117$ in 5 normal oral epithelium specimens. The positivity rate and mean value of telomerase activities in oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens were significantly higher than those of normal oral epithelium specimens (p<0.05). 2. There was no significant correlation between total Anneroth malignancy score and telomerase activity (p>0.05), but points of mitosis index and depth of invasion were significantly correlated with telomerase activities (p<0.05). 3. The positive immunohistochemical staining for PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was observed in 26 specimens out of 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens and mean value of PCNA indices of 26 specimens was $53.67{\pm}26.46$. PCNA indices were significantly correlated with telomerase activities (p<0.05). 4. The mean value of telomerase activities was significantly higher in pathologic T3/T4 group than in T1/T2 group (p<0.01). There was no significant difference of mean value of telomerase activities between pathologic neck node positive group and negative group (p> 0.05). Pre-operative chemotherapy significantly lowered the telomerase activities (p<0.05). The above results suggested telomerase activity could be used as diagnostic marker and adjunctive parameter for judging on histologic malignancy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2006

Oral leukoplakia is the most common premalignant lesion and malignant transformation has been reported from verrucal lekoplakia. Homogenous, benign leukoplakia develops into a line of squamous cell carcinoma such as verrrucous carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Early diagnosis and intervention of premalignant leukoplakia is up-most important to prevent transformation into a oral squamous cell carcinoma. Any change in surface, size and color warrants repeated biopsy. If verrucous carcinoma is evidently derived from the previous leukoplakia, wide surgical excision and periodic follow up is needed. Surgically removed lesion of leukoplakia has the tendency to recur. Follow-up is very important to patient and clinician. Although many therapies have been reported to oral leukoplakia and verrucal carcinoma, accepted treatment principle is not exist so far. But surgical removal is recommended as the treatment of choice.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 1996

Since the upper lip does not receive direct actinic radiation, only 5% of lip tumors develop in the upper lip, while the lower lip is the site of the remainder. Among the lower lip cancer, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common tumor, especially the vermillion border of lower lip is the most common site. The aims of reconstruction of the lip are both aesthetic effect and functional restoration and the ideal procedure must produce a aesthetically normal, not-tao-tight lip and a good sensation and muscle tone of the lip. We have a satisfactory reconstruction of a subtotal loss of lower lip after squamous cell carcinoma extirpation using Gillies fan flap and the case is presented with reviewing a many published reports.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.240-242
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• 2011

Branchiogenic carcinoma is extremely rare and is defined as a malignant degeneration within the confines of epithelial remnants derived from the embryonal branchial apparatus. Two major diagnostic criteria are histologic proof of transitional area from normal cyst epithelium to invasive squamous cell carcinoma and absence of an identifiable primary carcinoma elsewhere. A 62-year old woman visited our department complaining of a non-tender, movable mass in left upper lateral neck. After a complete mass excision, histopathologic diagnosis of the surgical specimen was branchiogenic squamous cell carcinoma. I report a case of branchiogenic carcinoma with literature review.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.543-546
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• 2001

Primary intraosseous carcinoma(PIOC) is defined as a squamous cell carcinoma arising within the jaw, having no initial connection with the oral mucosa. The squamous cell carcinoma within the bone can be presumably developed from residues of the odontogenic epithelium, therefore, it is seen in the jaw only. Metastatic carcinoma from another primary site should be excluded in the diagnosis of Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma. This is a case of 62-year-old man, who initially diagnosed as odontogenic cyst on maxilla, but its pathologic examination was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma with odontogenic cyst. We treated this patient with partial maxillectomy, modified radical neck dissection(mRND), and postoperative radiation therapy.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.156-159
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• 2009

Squamous cell carcinoma, which is a common primary head and neck malignant neoplasm that is usually restricted to the mucosal surfaces of the upper aerodigestive tract and skin, is very unusual in the major salivary gland. Among them, few cases are regarded as primary carcinomas. In this article, we present two cases of squamous cell carcinoma in the parotid gland, who first presented with painful mass on infraauricular area.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1059-1061
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• 2010

Mature cystic teratoma is a common ovarian lesion, approximately 10-20% of ovarian tumor. However, it can undergo a malignant transformation, but incidence of malignant transformation is very low. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of malignant transformation in the mature cystic teratoma. Preoperative diagnosis of malignant transformation in the mature cystic teratoma is very difficult, because malignant transformed tissues are very small in the mature cystic teratoma components. And so most of the carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma were diagnosed after histologic examination. We experienced a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the mature cystic teratoma of the ovary and report a case with a brief review of the literatures.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.161-167
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• 1996

Two cases of stomach mass and one case of tongue mass were observed in Japanese monkeys(Macaca fuscata) which were raised in Yong-in Farm Land. Histologically, two spontaneous tumors were found in the cardiac region of the stomach and were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. These tumors had invaded the submucosa, muscular layer and serosa, but metastasis was not found in the other tissues including the lymph node. One spontaneous tongue mass was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1991

Cystic metastasis in the neck from pharyngeal cancer has often been mistaken for either primary squamous cell carcinoma of branchiogenic origin or branchial cleft cyst. The distinctive histological and clinical features of cystic metastasis reviewed after its correct indentification can lead to the discovery of an unsuspected primary lesion and result in specific treatment options. Recendy, the authors experienced three cases of cystic metastasis in the neck from pharyngeal cancer ; one was from nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and the other two were from tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas. This report summarizes our experiences and review of the literatures.