• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.301-310
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• 2016

There are differences in seismic behavior between non-skewed bridges and skewed bridges due to in-plane rotations caused by pounding between the skewed deck and its abutments during strong earthquake. Many advances have been made in developing design codes and guidelines for dynamic analyses of non-skewed bridges. However, there remain significant uncertainties with regard to the structural response of skewed bridges caused by unusual seismic response characteristics. The purpose of this study is performing non-linear time history analysis of the bridges using abutment-soil interaction model considering pounding between the skewed deck and its abutments, and analyzing global seismic behavior characteristics of the skewed bridges to assess the possibility of unseating. Refined bridge model with abutment back fill, shear key and elastomeric bearing was developed using non-linear spring element. In order to evaluate the amplification of longitudinal and transverse displacement response, non-linear time history analysis was performed for single span bridges. Far-fault and near-fault ground motions were used as input ground motions. According to each parameter, seismic behavior of skewed bridges was evaluated.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2353-2363
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• 1994

This paper is concerned with the design of a robust digital controller using reduced-order observer on a robotic manipulator under the disturbance. In most cases of robotic manipulator since all state vectors are not measurable, the unmeasurable state vectors must be estimated or reconstructed. Other problems are caused by the nonlinear element like as nondifferentiable Coulomb friction, disturbance due to the gravitational pull, and the torsional spring effect of a link between the drive motor and the manipulator arm. The controller is based on feeding back the observable variables and the estimated state variables which are generated by the observer, and augmenting the system by additional discrete integrators. The feedback gain parameters are obtained by first applying the optimal control theory and then readjusting the feedback parameters to eliminate the limit cycle by using describing Function for nonlinear hybrid system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.126-129
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• 2010

MEMS(micro electro-mechanical systems) inertial switch which is applicable to the ignition Safe-Arm- Unit of propulsion system is devised. The MEMS inertial switch is designed according to the general design procedure for conventional mechanical elements. Unlikely conventional MEMS accelerometer, threshold inertial switching mechanism is adopted which makes a MEMS element an abrupt switching in a certain acceleration level. By comparing the design data and test results of the specimen a small discrepancy in switching acceleration level is found which is presumably due to the nonlinear characteristics of the beam spring and the flexure hinge which are the main parts of the MEMS inertial switch.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.691-714
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• 2017

Rotating fluid induced vibration and instability of embedded piezoelectric nano-composite separators subjected to magnetic and electric fields is the main contribution of present work. The separator is modeled with cylindrical shell element and the structural damping effects are considered by Kelvin-Voigt model. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are used as reinforcement and effective material properties are obtained by mixture rule. The perturbation velocity potential in conjunction with the linearized Bernoulli formula is used for describing the rotating fluid motion. The orthotropic surrounding elastic medium is considered by spring, damper and shear constants. The governing equations are derived on the bases of classical shell theory (CST), first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT). The nonlinear frequency and critical angular fluid velocity are calculated by differential quadrature method (DQM). The detailed parametric study is conducted, focusing on the combined effects of the external voltage, magnetic field, visco-Pasternak foundation, structural damping and volume percent of SWCNTs on the stability of structure. The numerical results are validated with other published works as well as comparing results obtained by three theories. Numerical results indicate that with increasing volume fraction of SWCNTs, the frequency and critical angular fluid velocity are increased.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.74 no.1
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• pp.33-54
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to calculate natural frequencies and harmonic responses of cracked frames with general boundary conditions by using transfer matrix method (TMM). The TMM is a straightforward technique to obtain harmonic responses and natural frequencies of frame structures as the method is based on constructing a relationship between state vectors of two ends of structure by a chain multiplication procedure. A single variable shear deformation theory (SVSDT) is applied, as well as, Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT) for comparison purposes. Firstly, free vibration analysis of intact and cracked frames are performed for different crack ratios using TMM. The crack is modelled by means of a linear rotational spring that divides frame members into segments. The results are verified by experimental data and finite element method (FEM) solutions. The harmonic response curves that represent resonant and anti-resonant frequencies directly are plotted for various crack lengths. It is seen that the TMM can be used effectively for harmonic response analysis of cracked frames as well as natural frequencies calculation. The results imply that the SVSDT is an efficient alternative for investigation of cracked frame vibrations especially with thick frame members. Moreover, EBT results can easily be obtained by ignoring shear deformation related terms from governing equation of motion of SVSDT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.19-24
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• 2017

In this research, a practical stiffness calculation method is developed and applied for modifying the height of the headstock, turret, and tailstock of a CNC lathe to enlarge the turntable diameter. The casting structure is assumed to be a rigid body and the linear motion element to be an elastic spring to simplify the turret stiffness calculation model. The stiffness of the sliding guide and ball screw of the original lathe is measured with a push tester and LVDT sensor, and the turret stiffness of the modified lathe is predicted and compared with experimental results to verify the model. The measured stiffness of the original turret is $0.17kN/{\mu}m$ and that of the modified turret is $0.11kN/{\mu}m$, i.e., an 18% difference from the predicted result. The verified stiffness calculation model can be used to develop another modified lathe.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 1998

A simulation is performed to investigate the effect of the pipe supports on the change of the natural frequencies of curved pipe systems containing fluid flow, for different elbow angles and geometry of the pipe systems. Based upon the Hamilton's principle, the equations of motions are derived, and the finite element equation is constructed to solve the corresponding eigenvalue problem. The angles of elbows do not affect the change of the fundamental natural frequency, but affect the change of the third or higher natural frequencies. Without any support, the change of the fundamental natural frequency due to the geometric change is smaller than the change of the second or higher natural frequencies. The more curve parts exist in the pipe system, the less change of lower frequency range, compared with the change of higher frequency range, is observed. Spring supports can be used to reduce the fundamental natural frequency, without change of the second or higher natural frequencies. To avoid resonance, which is critically dangerous from the view point of structural dynamics, the mechanical properties such as stiffness or the location of pipe supports are need to be changed to isolate the natural frequencies from the frequency range of dominant vibration modes.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2004

An electromagnetic actuator has been designed and fabricated for Probe-based data storage applications. The actuator consists of permanent magnets(SmCo) housing and a media Platform which is connected to the Si frame by four couples of Si leaf springs. In order to generate electromagnetic force, Cu coils were electroplated under the media platform. The magnetic field distribution was calculated with 3D Finite Element Method of Maxwell 3D program. The field strength felt by Cu coils was estimated to be about 0.33T when the distance between the media platform and permanent magnets is $200\mu\textrm{m}$. The static and dynamic motions of the actuator were analyzed by FEM method with ANSYS 5.3. The measured displacements of the actuator were about $\pm$$92\mu\textrm{m}$ for input current of $\pm$40㎃ and the resonance frequency was 100Hz. The proposed electromagnetic actuator can be utilized for media driver of probe-based data storage system.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

Many longitudinally arranged pipes in ships are subject to considerable displacement loads caused by the hull girder bending of ships and/or thermal loads in some special pipes through which fluids with highly abnormal temperatures are conveyed. As these loads may cause failure in the pipes or their supporting structures, loops have been widely adopted as a measure to prevent such failure, with the idea that they can lower the stress level in a pipe by absorbing some portion of these loads. But since such loops have some negative effects, such as causing extra manufacturing cost and occupying extra space, the number and dimensions of the loops need to be minimized. This research developed design formulas for pipe loops, modeling them as a spring element, for which the axial stiffness is calculated based on the beam theory, incorporating the effects of the curvature of loop corners and the flexibility of the straight portion of the pipe. The accuracy of the proposed design formulas was verified by comparing two results respectively obtained by the proposed formulas and MSC/NASTRAN. The paper ends with a sample application of the proposed formulas showing their efficiency.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

Passive dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) are often used to suppress the excessive vibration of a large structure due to their simple construction and low maintenance cost compared to other vibration control techniques. A new type of passive DVA consists of two pendulums connected with spring and dashpot element is investigated. This research evaluated the performance of the DVA in reducing the vibration response of a two degree of freedom shear structure. A model for the two DOF vibration system with the absorber is developed. The nominal absorber parameters are calculated using a Genetic Algorithm(GA) procedure. A parametric study is performed to evaluate the effect of each absorber parameter on performance. The simulation results show that the optimum condition for the absorber frequencies and damping ratios is mainly affected by pendulum length, mass, and the damping coefficient of the pendulum's hinge joint. An experimental model validates the theoretical results. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed technique is able be used as an effective alternative solution for reducing the vibration response of a multi degree of freedom vibration system.