• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2011

직교 주파수분할 다중(OFDM)시스템과 직접확산 코드분할다중접속(DS/CDMA)시스템이 결합된 다중반송파(MC) DS/CDMA 시스템은 대역폭 효율, 고 전송률과 페이딩에 강한 특성으로 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 시간영역과 주파수영역에서 확산을 수행하는 다중전송률 MC-DS/CDMA 시스템에서 복잡성이 감소된 다중사용자 검출기를 살펴본다. 여기서 시간영역과 주파수영역의 확산부호로는 2차원 직교 가변확산부호(OVSF)로부터 만들어진 1차원 OVSF 코드를 사용한다. 제안된 시스템에서는 다중사용자간섭(MUI)을 감소시키기 위해 코드그룹 간섭제거(CGIC) 수신기를 사용하는데, 이 CGIC 수신기는 1차원 OVSF 코드들의 상관특성을 이용하여 코드 그룹이라는 개념을 사용하여 다른 사용자들의 정보 없이도 사용자 선호를 검출할 수 있는 수신기이다. CGIC를 갖는 다중사용자 검출기가 시간 및 주파수영역에 따로 또는 같이 적용될 것이다. AWGN 채널 환경 하에서 시스템의 성능을 분석하며, 단일(다중) 전송률, 다중사용자를 갖는 시간/주파수 영역에서 확산된 MC-DS/CDMA과 비교할 것이다. 이러한 결과로서 기존의 정합검출기에 비해 제안된 시스템의 성능이 향상됨을 알 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.13-16
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• 2000

This paper introduces a more effective usage of the limited OVSF cod in compressed mode which is used during inter-frequency/inter-system handover in UTRA(Universal mobile telecommunications system) Terrestrial Radio Access). The usager is to use dynamic common channel which is shared by several users during the compressed mode.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.264-266
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• 2007

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor codes are used as channelization codes in WCDMA. In this particular paper, we present a new OVSF codes which is generated from the Jacket Matrices for DS-CDMA systems. The simulations result shows that the purposed OVSF can efficiently reduce the peak values of the correlations than the conventional HOVSF without orthogonality loss. It will be useful to detect the multi-user system under the asynchronous system and save the power of transmission.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
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• pp.578-585
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• 2000

Geometrical characteristics of fresh red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) were measured and indexed to define some important geometrical characteristics, and malformation of body and fruit stalk which are necessary for the design of the equipments for cutting, spreading and alignment of red pepper in developing a fruit stalk remover of fresh red pepper. The effects of bending of body and fruit stalk on the equipments of cutting, spreading and alignment were studied. The maximum lengths of some parts of fresh red pepper were found to be 180 mm, 125 mm, 144 mm, 67 mm and 76 mm for the body, the bent part of body, the fruit stalk, the bent part and the straight part of fruit stalk, respectively. The fresh red pepper with bending indices more than 0.4 and 0.3 for the body and the fruit stalk, respectively, was defined to be malformed based on the result of cutting rate using cutting unit; while the other ones to be normal in shape. Based on this, among the total fresh red peppers tested, 47%, 40% and 20% were found malformed for the body, the fruit stalk, and for both of the body and the fruit stalk. Malformed red peppers were poorer in spreading and alignment than normal ones, and the processed quantity was decreased with increased feed rate. The required time for the malformed peppers to pass on the alignment plate inclined at 30 increased rapidly at 8.3 Hz with increased feed rate. For the fresh red peppers with average moisture content of 85%,w.b., the maximum tensile strength between fruit stalk and body was 88.1 N; the maximum cutting resistances were 92.1 N and 94.9 N for the fruit stalk-calyx joint and body, respectively. Average coefficients of static friction were 0.99, 0.62, 0.59 and OJ, respectively, for the surfaces of rubber, galvanized iron, acryl and plywood.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

Piles passing through sloping liquefiable deposits are prone to lateral loading if these deposits liquefy and flow during earthquakes. These lateral loads caused by the relative soil-pile movement will induce bending in the piles and may result in failure of the piles or excessive pile-head displacement. Whilst the weak nature of the flowing liquefied soil would suggest that only small loads would be exerted on the piles, it is known from case histories that piles do fail owing to the influence of laterally spreading soils. It will be shown, based on dynamic centrifuge test data, that dilatant behaviour of soil close to the pile is the major cause of these considerable transient lateral loads which are transferred to the pile. This paper reports the results of geotechnical centrifuge tests in which models of gently sloping liquefiable sand with pile foundations passing through them were subjected to earthquake excitation. The soil close to the pile was instrumented with pore-pressure transducers and contact stress cells in order to monitor the interaction between soil and pile and to track the soil stress state both upslope and downslope of the pile. The presence of instrumentation measuring pore-pressure and lateral stress close to the pile in the research described in this paper gives the opportunity to better study the soil stress state close to the pile and to compare the loads measured as being applied to the piles by the laterally spreading soils with those suggested by the JRA design code. This test data shows that lateral stresses much greater than one might expect from calculations based on the residual strength of liquefied soil may be applied to piles in flowing liquefied slopes owing to the dilative behaviour of the liquefied soil. It is shown at least for the particular geometry studied that the current JRA design code can be un-conservative by a factor of three for these dilation-affected transient lateral loads.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.857-868
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• 2019

A flooded rice field is one of the significant sources of anthropogenic methane (CH₄) with the intensity of the emissions dependent on management practices. Incorporation of rice straw, which is one of the organic amendments, induces the increase of methane emissions during the flooding season. In this study, we measured of methane emission according to applications of rice straw in different soil textures during a cultivation period in 2017 and 2018. The fallow treatments were non application of rice straw (NA), spring plowing after spring spreading of rice straw (SPSA), spring plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (SPAA), and autumn plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (APAA). The SPSA treatment emitted the highest total methane from loam soil in both 2017 (596.7 CH₄ kg ha^-1) and 2018 (795.4 CH₄ kg ha^-1). The same trend was observed in silt clay loam soil; the SPSA treatment still emitted the highest amount of methane in both 2017 (845.9 CH₄ kg ha^-1) and 2018 (1,071.7 CH₄ kg ha^-1). The lowest emission among the rice straw incorporated plots came from the APAA treatment for both soil texture types in all the seasons. The conversion factors of the SPAA were 0.79 and 0.65 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. Relatedly, the conversion factors of the APAA were 0.71 and 0.43 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. The above observations mean therefore that incorporation of rice straw early in the fallow reduces methane emissions in the main rice growing season.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.508-519
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• 2020

During transients or accidents, the reactor core is uncovered, and droplets entrained above the quench front collides with the uncovered fuel rod surface. Droplet impact cooling can reduce the peak cladding temperature. Besides zirconium-based cladding, versatile accidental tolerant fuel (ATF) claddings, including FeCrAl, have been proposed to increase the accident coping time. In order to investigate the effect of surface properties on droplet impact cooling of cladding surfaces, the droplet impact phenomena are photographed on the FeCrAl and zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) surfaces under different conditions. On the oxidized FeCrAl surface, the Leidenfrost phenomenon is not observed even when the surface temperature is as high as 550 ℃ with We > 30. Comparison of the impact behaviors observed on different materials shows that nucleate and transition boiling is more intensive on surfaces with larger thermal conductivity. The Leidenfrost point temperature (LPT) decreases with the solid thermal effusivity (${\sqrt{k{\rho}C_p}}$). However, the CHF temperature is relatively insensitive to the surface oxidation and Weber number. Droplet spreading diameter is analyzed quantitatively in the film boiling stage. Based on the energy balance a correlation is proposed for droplet maximum spreading factor. A mechanistic model is also developed for the LPT based on homogeneous nucleation theory.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1349-1355
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• 2008

최근에 ZigBee, Bluetooth, RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)와 같은 근거 리 무선통신 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 이와 같은 시스템들은 대부분 소출력무선기기들이다. 미래에는 개인을 중심으로 하는 WPAN(Wireless Personal Area Network)을 위해서 더 많은 소출력 무선기기들이 출현할 것이며, 간섭저감기술은 소출력무선기기들이 한정된 주파수 자원을 효율적으로 이용하기 위한 필수 기술이 될 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 두 가지의 주파수를 공유 방법을 고려하였다. 첫 번째는 이미 특정 시스템에 할당된 주파수를 공유하는 경우이고, 두 번째는 새로운 주파수대역을 할당하는 경우이며, 이 두 가지 경우에 대한 효율적인 주파수 공유 방법을 연구하였다. 첫 번째 방법으로 주파수출 공유하는 경우의 한 가지 예로서 ZigBee, RPID, DCP(Digital Cordless Phone) 및 Bluetooth가 특정 주파수대역을 공유하는 경우 주파수 공유 조건을 검토하였다. 그리고 두 번째 공유 방법에서는 서로 다른 간섭저감기술을 사용하는 통신시스템에 대해서 공평한 신호 방사조건을 유지하기 위한 balancing factor의 개념을 제안하였으며, FH(Frequency Hopping) 시스템을 기준으로 하는 경우 LBT(Listen Before Talk)는 0.9, DS (Direct Spreading)은 0.8의 balancing factor를 이 용하면, 이들 간섭저감기술들 사이의 방사조건을 비슷하게 유지 할 수 있기 때문에 전체적으로 더 많은 시스템이 주파수를 공유할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

In technology of ink-jet coating, Image quality from correlation between paper and ink depends on the properties of printer and ink as well as those of paper material. Generally, According to the quality of ink that consists of colorants from 5 to 20 percent, It seems that absorption behavior of each ink is different. In this study, we studied to estimate the effects of dye and pigment ink on the absorption and printing properties using 2-type papers on the market and 3-type silica-based coated papers whose pore structure is different. Using the theory of contact angle to evaluate the absorption property, it was possible to measure the baseline length between paper and ink, volume of droplet as well as contact angle. Also, It was possible to calculate wetting energy(mN/m) and spreading coefficient(mN/m) using the surface tension of each ink. These measurements were available to estimate ink-jet qualities.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권1A호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 다중 전송률을 갖는 WCDMA 시스템에서 OVSF코드를 사용한 새로운 코드 그룹화 간섭제거기를 제안한다. 사용자들은 전송률에 따라 길이가 다른 OVSF 코드를 할당하며 대표코드가 같은 OVSF 코드를 사용하는 사용자들을 그룹화 한다. 제안된 코드그룹화 간섭제거기는 그룹간 간섭을 제거한 후 그룹내 간섭을 차례로 제거한다. 간섭제거기는 간섭사용자들의 정확한 정보 없이 원하는 사용자의 코드 정보만 알고 있어도 간섭제거 및 사용자신호의 검출이 가능하다. 제안된 시스템은 그룹 단위의 처리를 통하여 간섭을 보다 쉽고 간단하게 제거함으로써 성능이 향상되며 기존 방식보다 효율적인 시스템을 구현할 수 있다.