• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.10-17
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• 2000

This work presents an investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of fuel spray injected from a high pressure hollow cone swirl injector into a constant volume chamber. Laser tomography visualization was used to interrogate the fuel and air mixing characteristics and the effect of chamber pressure and temperature increase was analyzed, Preliminary results on spray development showed that mixing effect tends to increase with the increase of injection pressure and chamber gas pressure yielding a decrease of spray penetration and an attenuation of well-defined vortex structure. Topological analysis of the spray structure has been performed to initiate the understanding of mixing and vaporization process. For the present experimental conditions fuel injection pressure and chamber gas pressure appear as the dominant factors which govern the transient mixing characteristics. Moreover spray atmixation characteristics are improved by increasing chamber gas temperature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to examine a DI(Direct Injection) gasoline spray development process under different ambient pressures using PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry). fuel spray experiments were performed within a constant volume chamber. The spray structure, velocity maps, velocity and vorticity contours were obtained to investigate its spray characteristics. It was found that higher ambient pressure has a significant effect on radial growth of the spray. The position which has a maximum velocity moved from the spray edge to the spray center as ambient pressure was increased. Higher ambient pressure moved a maximum vorticity position upward of the spray.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

The studies of the spray characteristics for a CRDI engine had been advancing by many researchers, because the performance and exhaust emission were significantly affected with the spray characteristics. But most experiments of the studies would be done at low ambient pressure conditions under 2MPa. In this study, injection rates were measured with Zeuch's method at various ambient pressures to 5MPa and a constant injection pressure of 130MPa. On the same conditions, non-evaporating spray images were taken with a high speed camera and analyzed carefully with Adobe Photoshop CS3. Macroscopic spray characteristics and breakup processes in the spray could be found from the examined and analyzed data. The initial injection rate, penetration, angle, velocity and breakup of the spray were practically affected with a variation of the ambient pressure, but the injection start time and injection period were scarcely affected. As the ambient pressure was higher, the breakup of a high density droplet region in the spray was happened slowly and the main position of breakup was shifted from a front of the spray to a upstream around a nozzle. The results and techniques of spray visualization and injection rate measurement in this study would be practically effective to study a high pressure diesel spray for a CRDI.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.152-160
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• 2004

Studies to investigate the influence on hydraulic acoustic wave were conducted using pressure swirl atomizer under making frequency range from 0 to 60Hz using water as a propellant. Pressure oscillation from hydraulic sources gives a strong influences on atomization and mixing processes. The ability to drive these low frequency pressure oscillations makes spray characteristics changeable. The effect of pressure perturbation and its spray characteristics showed that low injector pressure with pressure pulsation gives more significantly than high injector pressure with pressure perturbation in SMD, spray cone angle, breakup length. Moreover, this data could be used for prediction of low combustion instability getting G factor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2005

Ultra high pressure injection equipment was developed to estimate and analyze the spray characteristics in ultra high pressure injection. Spray patterns were visualized by schlieren method and analyzed in ultra high pressure. Spray tip penetration, spray thickness, spray volume, and entrained air mass increased with the increase of the injection pressure. But over 2,800 bars of the injection pressure region, it was shown that the rate of improvement was not increased remarkably ,and the spray characteristics such as spray penetration, volume, and entrained air mass were reversed and got worse at 4,140 bars.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.194-201
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• 2000

This paper is intended to analyze the macroscopic behavior and transient atomization characteristics of the high-pressure gasoline injector in direct-injection gasoline engine. The global spray behavior of fuel injector was visualized by shadowgraph technique. Time-resolved droplet axial and radial velocity components and droplet diameter were measured at many probe positions in both axial and radial directions by a two-component phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA). In order to obtain the influence of fuel injection pressure, the macroscopic visualization and experiment of particle measurement on the fuel spray were investigated at 3,5 and 7 MPa of injection pressure under different surrounding pressure in the spray chamber. The results of this work show that the fuel injection pressure of gasoline injector in GDI engine has influence upon the mean droplet diameter, mean velocity of spray droplet, the spray tip penetration, and spray width under the elevated ambient pressure.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2000

The characteristics of liquefied butane spray are expected to be different from conventional diesel fuel spray, because a kind of flash boiling spray is expected when the back pressure is below the saturated vapor pressure of the butane(0.23MPa at 298K). The ambient pressure was held at a pressure above(0.37MPa) and below(0.15MPa) the fuel vapor pressure. The axial velocities, radial velocities, and size distributions in butane sprays were measured with PDPA(Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) system. The PDPA measurement showed a smaller SMD at the 0.15MPa chamber pressure, compared to the 0.37MPa case. Log-hyperbolic density function for the droplets size distribution can be fitted to the experimental results of a liquefied butane spray.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The low frequency combustion instability phenomena generated by pressure drop oscillation such as propellant shake in feed line are studied. To generate the flowrate oscillation by the pressure pulsation up to 400Hz without flow discontinuities and cavitations, a hydrodynamic mechanical pulsator of rotating disk type was produced. Injection pressure conditions are 5, 7 and 9 bar and pressure fluctuation frequency conditions are 0, 4, 6 and 8 Hz. When the injection pressure was oscillated by a mechanical pulsator, the spray shape was pulsated regularly. During the pulsated state of the spray with a mechanical pulsator, the spray characteristics, such as spray angle and liquid film thickness in orifice exit, were measured and compared with those in steady state without a mechanical pulsator. Though the mean injection pressure was fixed in the steady and fluctuating state, there were some differences in all measured values, i.e. liquid film thickness and spray cone angle, between both states.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.555-560
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• 2000

This paper describes the macroscopic behavior and atomization characteristics of the high-pressure gasoline injector in direct-injection gasoline engine. The global spray behavior of fuel injector was visualized by shadowgraph technique. The atomization characteristics of gasoline spray such as mean diameter and mean velocity of droplet were measured by the phase Doppler particle analyzer system. In order to obtain the influence of fuel injection pressure, the macroscopic visualization and experiment of particle measurement on the fuel spray were investigated at 3,5 and 7 MPa of injection pressure under different surrounding pressure in the spray chamber. The results of this work show that the fuel injection pressure of gasoline injector in GDl engine has influence upon the mean droplet diameter, mean velocity of spray droplet, the spray tip penetration, and spray width under the elevated ambient pressure.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.165-170
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• 2001

This study is focussed on the investigation of spray characteristics from the high pressure gasoline injector for the application of gasoline direct injection engine. For the analysis of spray structure of high pressure gasoline injector; the laser scattering method with a Nd-Yag laser and the Phase Doppler particle analyzer system were applied to observe the spray development and the measurement of the droplet size and velocity of the spray, respectively. Also spatial velocity distribution of the spray droplet was measured by use of the particle image velocity system. Experimental results show that high pressure gasoline injector shapes the hollow-cone spray, and produce the upward ring shaped vortex on the spray surface region. This upward ring shaped vortex promotes the secondary atomization of fuel droplets and contributes to a uniform distribution of fuel droplets. Most of fuel droplets are distributed under 31$\mu m$ of the mean droplet size (SMD) and the frequency distribution of the droplet size under 25$\mu m$ is over 95% at 7 MPa of injection pressure. According to the experimental results of PIV system, the flow patterns of the droplets velocity distribution in spray region are in good agreement with the spray macroscopic behaviors obtained from the visualization investigation.