• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

The natural ingredient has been utilized variety of the food and medicine. The aromatherapy well known prevent disease and healthy promotion using the essential oil derived extracted plants. In this work, natural ingredient include herb granulated for application of tobacco filter. That used by granulation using fluidized bed granulator(top-spray, bottom-spray and tangential-spray) and wet granule method. According to ingredient can used granulating method selectivity. So, we used fluid-bed granulator and wet granule method. Grapefruit extract coated sugar particle using the bottom-spray method and red ginseng granule granulated red ginseng powder using the tangential-spray method in a fluidized bed. Then, these granules applied the tobacco filter after due consideration add amount and operation efficiency. As a result, wet granule was loaded dual filter because that similarity carbon granule. And it was fitted in added 3mg/mm, per tip in the tobacco end part. Another type, fuidized bed granules was filled cavity filter because it has high hardness, sphere shape.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2011

The impact force on the single and overlap region of twin spray was experimentally evaluated using visualization method in full cone type swirl nozzle spray. Visualization of spray was conducted to obtain the spray angle and breakup process. The photography/imaging technique, based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) using high-speed camera, was adopted for the direct observation of droplet motion and axial velocity measurement, respectively. Droplet size was measured by Particle Motion Analyze System (PMAS). The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental information of spray characteristics, such as impact force, for higher etching factor in the practical wet etching system. It was found that the spray angle, axial velocity and impact force were increased with increasing the nozzle pressure while droplet size decreased with increasing the nozzle pressure. Droplet size increased as the distance from nozzle tip was decreased. The impact force of twin spray in the overlap region was about 63.29, 67.02, 52.41% higher than that of single spray at 40, 50 and 60 mm of nozzle pitch, respectively. Also, the nozzle pitch was one of the important factors in the twin spray characteristics.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.437-445
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• 2018

Laser induced-exciplex-fluorescence (EXCIPLEX) proposed by Melton is used to visualize fuel vapor in spray combustion. However, in the EXCIPLEX method based on TMPD/naphthalene system, the TMPD : naphthalene ratio is strictly restricted to 1 : 9. In addition, fluorescence intensity due to the vapor phase is extremely weak. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a new laser-induced-excimer fluorescence (EXCIMER) method to visualize the liquid and vapor phases simultaneously. The spatial distributions of liquid and vapor in fuel spray suspended by ultrasonic waves are compared using the EXCIPLEX and EXCIMER methods. The correlation between fuel vapor concentration and fluorescence intensity is experimentally investigated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of saturated vapor formed over liquid fuel at a controlled temperature. These experimental results indicate that the EXCIMER method is effective for evaluating fuel vapor visualization in spray combustion. Furthermore, the quantitative distribution of fuel vapor concentration can be correctly estimated by the EXCIMER method.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.36-46
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• 1997

Dynamics of molten drop detachment in the Gas Metal Arc (GMA) welding is investigated using the Volume of Fluid(VOF) method. The electromagnetic effects are included in the formulation of the VOF method which has been widely used to analyze the dynamics of the fluid having a free surface. The molten drop geometry, pressure and velocity profiles within the drop are calculated numerically in the cases of globular and spray transfer modes. It appears that the velocity and current distribution affect metal detachment. It is found that the taper is formed and maintained during the spray transfer by the electromagnetic force. Predicted results show reasonably good agreement with the available experimental data which validates the application of the VOF method to metal transfer analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.31-39
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• 1999

A good atomization in uniform size brings the elevation of thermal efficiency in spray combustion, the beautiful painting on surfaces, and the economical sprinkling of chemicals. Ultrasonic atomization has been expected as a good uniform atomization mechanism due to its uniform size distribution. Influx, load, and physical properties of liquids are the effecting factors to atomize liquids. In this study, distilled water and city water are selected as reference liquids and gasoline, kerosene, and petroleum as fuel liquids. Characteristics and affinity to get the maximum effect for the ultrasonic atomization are observed by using the two ultrasonic transducers with 28kHz and 2MHz. Results show that the size distributions of liquid spray dorplet by the direct vibration method prevail over those by the aerosol method in uniform droplet size and as a whole, sizes of spray liquid droplets are increased slightly according to increasing influx in the direct vibration method and quantities of spray droplets in the aerosol method decreasing according to increasing liquid load h.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.921-927
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• 2006

Prolonged release micro particles of clarithromycin (CL) were prepared using Eudragit RL 100 and RS 100 by spray-drying and casting-drying techniques. For the characterization of those microparticles, preparation yield, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, thermal behavior, active agent content and in vitro dissolution from the microparticles were performed. HPLC was used for the assay of clarithromycin and the assay method was validated. All the formulations obtained showed prolonged release when compared to pure clarithromycin. Microparticles prepared by spray-drying method had a slower release compared to those of casting drying method. Spray-drying method seems to be a more suitable method to prepare microparticles for prolongation in release.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.454-460
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• 2009

To analyze the mixture formation process of evaporating diesel spray is important for emissions reduction in actual engines. Then the effects of change in density of ambient gas on spray structure in high temperature and pressure field have been investigated in this study. The ambient gas density was changed from ${\rho}_a=5.0kg/m^3$ to ${\rho}_a=12.3kg/m^3$ with CVC(Constant Volume Chamber). Also, simulation study by modified KIVA-II code was conducted and compared with experimental results. The ambient temperature and injection pressure are kept as 700K and 72MPa, respectively. The images of liquid and vapor phase in the evaporating free spray were simultaneously taken by exciplex fluorescence method. As experimental results, with increasing ambient gas density, the tip penetration of the evaporating free spray decreases due to the increase in the drag force from ambient gas. The spatial structure of a diesel spray can be verified as 2-regions consisted of liquid with momentum decrease and vapor with large-scale vortex. The calculated results obtained by modified KIVA-II code show good agreements with experimental results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.529-535
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• 2008

The characteristics of combustion process in an internal combustion engine are affected by the mixing process between injected fuel and ambient gas. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mixture formation process of diesel spray. In this study, the spray structure was visualized by the exciplex fluorescence method, which can provide the simultaneous 2-D images of vapor and liquid phase in inner spray. For accurate investigation, the liquid-phase images were recorded with a 35mm still camera and CCD camera. Consequentially, it could be confirmed that the high-concentration vapor phase is formed in the region of spray tip and the edge of the liquid phase where droplets exist in the evaporating diesel spray, and the formed vapor is spread by diffusion. Also, the distribution of vapor is determined by the motion of droplets that exist in the edge of the liquid phase and the spray-tip region.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to analyse the spray characteristics according to the injection duration under ambient pressure condition and to investigate the relationship between vorticity and entropy for controlling diffusion process that is the most important thing during the intake stroke injection process. Therefore, the spray velocity was obtained by using the PIV method that has been an useful optical diagnostics technology, and vorticity calculated from spray velocity component with vorticity algorithm. In addition, the homogeneous diffusion rate of spray was quantified by using the entropy analysis based on the Boltzmann's statistical thermodynamics. From these method, we found that as injection duration increases, spray velocity increases and the location of vortex is moved to the downstream of spray. In the same condition, as the entropy decrease, mean vorticity increases. This means that the concentration of spray droplets caused by the increase of injection duration is more effective than the increase of momentum dissipation.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.7
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• pp.153-158
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• 2016

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a network that employed method of store-carry-forward in intermittently connected networks. In DTNs, routing and buffer management scheme are important to improve successful message delivery. This paper proposes an improve spray and wait routing protocol based on delivery probability to a destination. Also, a buffer management scheme is proposed to drop the queued messages according to the number of copies (L value). Simulation results show that the proposed method provides a better delivery ratio and lower communication overhead when compared to existing schemes such as Epidemic, PRoPHET and spray and wait.