• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.3 s.151
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• pp.481-486
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• 2006

There are attempts to utilize Hanji for apparel material, but, the reason that the strength and durability of Hanji decrease to a great extent in the wet condition, restricts the usability of Hanji. In order to improve the resistance against water, Hanji was treated with silicone type water repellent agents. The treatment was carried out by conventional pad-dry-cure method. The optimum treatment condition was obtained by varying the concentration of repellent agent, curing temperature and time. Water repellency was tested by spray rating method. Wet and dry tensile strength, tearing resistance and abrasion resistance were examined after the treatment. Flexural stiffness and wrinkle recovery angles of hanji were also measured. In result, the optimum condition of treatment was at resin concentration of 40g/l, catalyst concentration of 20g/l(half of resin concentration), curing temperature of 160$^{circ}C$, curing time of 120 sec. Flexural stiffness of Hanji was hardly increased and wrinkle recovery angle of Hanji was improved a little by resin treatment. After the treatment, in dry condition, tensile strength and tearing resistance were little changed but abrasion resistance was improved. In wet condition, tensile strength, tearing strength and abrasion resistance were improved.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.16 no.1 s.30
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• pp.47-53
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• 1977

Bacterial diseases of soybean has been recognized as a limiting factor of soybean production in Korea as it was estimated to cause around 10 percent of yield losses annually. The purpose of the study is to obtain information on the diseases through proving the kinds of pathogens and epidemiology, The wire brush method and multineedle appeared to be the best way of inoculation under all circumstances. Wire brush method, especially, was effective in shortening the incubation period and manifesting the lesion development by introducing more inoculum per unit of area. In case of spray inoculation it was necessary to apply a small amount(1 : 1,000) of wetting agent, twin-20, otherwise it was unabled to produce the diseases under field conditions. Two kinds of bacterial diseases caused by Pseudomonas glycinea and Xanthomonas phaseoli var. sljense were found from surveyed areas in Kore. Wild fire disease on soybean caused by Pseudomonas tabaci had not detectable during the experiment although there were several reports on the disease from other countries. when the pathogens were introduced into sterile soil, bacterial leaf blight pathogen could exsisted until 30 days while bacterial pustule pathogen survived only 4 days under the natural conditions of later June. Both bacteria, however, could produce the disease after more than 10 months period of storage in refrigerator when they were exsisted in infected plant tissues. In warehouse, non-temperature controlled, the bacteria lose their infectability within 6 months period from October to April even though they exsisted in infected tissues. Surface infested seeds with the pathogens could not produced the diseases on seedling stages of soybean plants when the seeds were planted in sterile soil after inoculation by dipping the seeds into bacterial suspensions, although germination was depressed by the pathogens when the seeds were planted on agar media.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 2004

It is very important to minimize the acid value of oil in the oil and fat industry, because acid value of oil products are a indicator quality. This study was performed to investigate change of moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid content by drying condition such as drying method, temperature and drying time on steamed duck egg york. Also, change of fatty acid composition by acid value. The acid values, moisture contents and free fatty acid contents were showed comparatively lower value by spray drying and freeze drying than by steam drying. but difference that keep in mind between each drying method was not looked. Whereas moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid content of effect of drying temperature reaches in lowest value. also, did not show change until dry 12hours reaching to lowest value by 3.1, 3.0％ and 0.98％ after dry 9hours both moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid content. Also, acid value increase, free fatty acid was increased, where unsaturated fatty acid showed that decrease rapidly.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.185-189
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• 2002

Along with the worldwide rapid increase of the cultivation area and commercial production of genetically modified (GM) crops, the amount of GM grains imported to Korea has also been increasing. Roundup-Ready soybean (RRS) was introduced with 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-photphate synthase (EPSPS) gene derived from Agrobacterium CP4 to confer the resistance to herbicide, glyphosate. In this study, we tried to develop PCR-based analytical method to detection the presence of RRS among non-GM soybeans. In order to detect RRS specifically, oligonucleotide primers were specifically designed based on the nucleotide sequence of EPSPS transgene. Qualitative PCR method was established and its specificity and accuracy were confirmed by analysing the nucleotide sequence of PCR DNA fragments. Bioassay was also conducted by spraying glyphosate at seedling stage. Survived individuals showed obvious resistance to Roundup Ready, however all of non-GM seedlings died in two weeks after spray. Conclusively, the highly selective detection systems for RRS were successfully established by both PCR using specific primers to EPSPS transgene and bioassay using the herbicide resistance of RRS. In addition to, the imported soybean showed to be mixed to several varieties regarding to 100-seed weight and hilum color.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2009

Based on the insecticidal efficacy by insecticide treatment methods, neurophysiological responses were compared with the larvae of diamondback moth (DBM) and beet armyworm (BAW) using pyrethroids working on nervous system. By body spray method, all pyrethroids were showed lower insecticidal activity below 50% on the larvae of DBM and BAW. By leaf dipping method, DBM larvae were showed the insecticidal activity as 100% at 50 ppm deltamethrin, 80.0% at fenvalervate and 63.3% at permethrin. However, BAW larvae were showed lower insecticidal activity as similar as control in all concentration. In order to examine electrophysiological response on nervous system on DBM and BAW larvae when treated three insecticides, we investigated the voltage and reaction degree. The voltage of DBM were responded as high as $10^{-7}M$ in deltamethrin, $10^{-5}M$ in fenvalerate and $10^{-3}M$ in permethrin. However, those of BAW were showed dull responses with small variation of voltage to all three insecticides.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

The common-rail injectors are the most critical component of the CRDI diesel engines that dominantly affect engine performances through high pressure injection with exact control. Thus, from now on the advanced combustion technologies for common-rail diesel injection engine require high performance fuel injectors. Accordingly, the previous studies on the numerical and experimental analysis of the diesel injector have focused on a optimum geometry to induce proper injection rate. In this study, computational predictions of performance of the diesel injector have been performed to evaluate internal flow characteristics for various needle lift and the spray pattern at the nozzle exit. To our knowledge, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the internal flow passage of an entire injector duct including injection and return routes has never been studied. In this study, major design parameters concerning internal routes in the injector are optimized by using a CFD analysis and Response Surface Method (RSM). The computational prediction of the internal flow characteristics of the common-rail diesel injector was carried out by using STAR-CCM+7.06 code. In this work, computations were carried out under the assumption that the internal flow passage is a steady-state condition at the maximum needle lift. The design parameters are optimized by using the L16 orthogonal array and polynomial regression, local-approximation characteristics of RSM. Meanwhile, the optimum values are confirmed to be valid in 95% confidence and 5% significance level through analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, optimal design and prototype design were confirmed by calculating the injection quantities, resulting in the improvement of the injection performance by more than 54%.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2016

In this study, the bond strength of metal spraying system by surface treatment of concrete (waterproof/corrosion method) in water treatment facilities was evaluated. The results showed that the system with Sa-P-R-(S) (sanding-perviousness surface hardener-surface roughness agent-metal spraying-sealing) led to the desirable performance. The bond strength, the coefficient of water permeability and air permeability were 3.7MPa, $0.68{\ast}10^{-8}cm/sec$, and $0.45{\ast}10^{-16}m^2$, respectively. In scanning electron microscope analysis, the microstructure of specimen coated with perviousness surface hardener was much denser than that without it. Therefore, the specimen coated with sanding-perviousness surface hardener-surface roughness agent-metal spraying-sealing had the best bond performance and was the most suitable system to concrete surface in water treatment facilities.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.437-441
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• 2005

This study was investigated to compare the suppression of Meloidogyne arenaria by different treatments of Pasteuria penetrans which is known for biological control agent against Meloidogyne spp.. In order to select proper number of P. penetrans showing good suppression effect, P. penetrans were mixed with M, arenaria for attachment using three different concentration such as $3{\times}10^4$, $3{\times}10^5$ and $3{\times}10^6$ endospores/5 g medium, followed by treating them onto the roots of tomato. After 14 weeks incubation, P. penetrans at $3{\times}10^6$ endospores showed highest activity against the formation of gall caused by M, arenaria. At a dose of $3{\times}10^5$ endospores/5 g medium, P. penetrans was treated into soil either mixing with soil or spray onto soil surface for comparing of suppressive efficacy. When the antagonistic bacterium was treated by the former method, it suppressed more effectively Using P. penetrans at $3{\times}10^6$ endospores and mixing with soil method, suppression was compared among P. penetrans, $PASTORIA^{(R)}$(Japan) and $Fosthiazate^{(R)}$(Korea). P. penetrans was more potent than $PASTORIA^{(R)}$(Japan) and as similar as $Fosthiazate^{(R)}$(Korea). Therefore, these results suggested that P. penetrans can be used for controling of M. arenaria as biological control agent. Furthermore, thess results can be provided to develop environmentally-friendly nematicide.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.734-746
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• 2020

Purpose: Increase in the size and number of underpasses rises occurrence of disasters such as fire and flooding inundation in underpasses. In the occurrence of disasters, the underpasses are more vulnerable to expose of crucial disasters than the general roads due to they are built underground. Therefore, The purpose of this paper is to derive system improvement items to prevent and control disasters in underpasses. Method: A hierarchical model of disaster impact factors and alternatives was developed based on prior researches and expert advices on disaster analyses and impact factors in the underpasses. The developed model was employed for surveys of pairwise comparison, and rankings of improvement were determined by applying the AHP method. Result: With a consistency of the surveys, results of relative weights of evaluation criteria(traffic accidents, fire, flooding inundation) and alternatives(law, system/planning, maintenance/human factor/environment) shows that improvement of laws and system related to the fire disaster is a top priority to prevent and control disaster of the underpasses. Conclusion: From experts' point of view, strengthening laws and systems related to disater prevention facilities such as water spray facilities, external(ground) exit in relation to fire in underpasses showed that it is an alternative to prevent disasters and minimize damage to underpasses.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the hatching rate of Pochazia shantungensis according to the treatment method of machine oil and the effect on apple quality by spawning. In the effect of machine oil treatment, when 20 times of the machine oil was spread by brush, the average hatching rate was 0.57%, and the sprayed branches showed an average hatching rate of 1%. When the machine oil agent was applied 50 times, the hatching rate was about 35% to spread by brush, whereas the spray treatment showed about 77%, so there were no difference from the non-treatment considering the deviation. There was no statistically significant difference in the quality of fruit even when apple fruits were fruited in the following year in the results of spawning and non-spawning of P. shantungensis in Hongro and Fuji varieties. In addition, there was no statistical significance in the difference between branch breakage and growth caused by spawning of P. shantungensis.