• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.157-164
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• 2003

An experimental and numerical study was performed to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic atomization characteristics of high-speed diesel spray issued from the common-rail injection system. For the experiments, spray visualization system and a phase Doppler particle analyzer system were utilized to obtain the spray atomization characteristics such as the process of spray development, spray tip penetration, and SMD distribution. In order to analyze the process of spray atomization with KIVA-3 code, the TAB breakup model is changed to the KH-DDB competition model, which assumes the competition between the wave instability and droplet deformation causes the droplet breakup above the breakup length. The calculated results were also compared with the experiments in terms of spray tip penetration and SMD distribution. The results provide the process of spray development, axial and radial distribution of SMD, and calculated overall SMD as a function of time after start of injection.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 1996

Behaviour of ultra-high pressure diesel spray and its structure in a constant-volume pressure chamber were studied with injection pressure ranging from 35 to 110MPa. Sprays were observed by using the back illumination scattering method and righ angle scattering method. The spray process mechanism were investigated with both photographs. As a result, the spray angle and air entrainment angle was larger as injection pressure and back pressure increase. It becomes clear that mean air-fuel ratio is increased by increasing the injection pressure.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.17-22
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• 2001

Recently LPG engine is developed to fulfill such new requirements as improved fuel efficiency in additional to further reduced exhaust emission. This experimental study is conducted to analyze spray characteristics for pintle type injector used in a LPLi (Liquid Phase LPG injection) engine. Since spray parameters including penetration length and spray angle make a role to design injector and engine intake system, spray visualization experiment is performed under atmosphere ambient and charging condition using Mie scattering method. From the experimental result under various LPG formation, the increased propane component decreases penetration length because boiling point of propane is lower than butane. To simulate intake charging condition in MPI engine, spray visualization is performed under high pressure condition. As a result, as ambient pressure is increased from atmosphere to 3.0 bar, penetration length is decreased. However, as ambient pressure is increased from atmosphere to 3.0 bar, spray angle is increased.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

The CFD simulation of diesel spray tip penetrations were compared with 0-D simulation for experimental data obtained with common rail injection system. The simulated four injection patterns include single, pilot and split injections. The CFD simulation of the spray penetration over these injection patterns was performed using the KIVA-3V code, which was implemented with both the standard KIVA spray and original gas jet sub-models. 0-D simulation of the spray tip penetration with time-varying injection profiles was formulated based on the effective injection velocity concept as an extension of steady gas jet theory. Both the CFD simulation of the spray tip penetration with the standard KIVA spray model and 0-D simulation matched better with the experimental data than the results of the gas jet model for the entire fuel injection patterns.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

The spray characteristics of the rotating fuel injection system were investigated. The special test rig was devised to get the spatial and momentary droplet information. This experimental apparatus consists of a high-speed motor, a shaft, a rotating fuel nozzle and an acrylic case. Spray droplet size and velocity were measured by PDPA(Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) and instantaneous velocity field was measured by 1'IV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system. At the same time, spray visualization was performed by using ND-YAG laser-based flash photography. From these two different laser diagnostic techniques, we could get spatial and instantaneous spray information fur rotating fuel injection system. The results presented in this paper indicate that spray characteristics such as droplet size, velocity and spray pattern were strongly influenced by rotational speed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.291-294
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• 2002

This study describes the external spray characteristics of deflector nozzle such as the breakup procedures of liquid sheet, spray angle, discharge coefficient and bubble behaviors of spray and SMD at deflector nozzle. In order to visualize the spray behaviors shadow graphy technique were used. According to the increase of injection pressure, development of the spray passes through the dribbling, distoted jet, closed bubble due to the contraction by surface tension forces, the bubble opens into hollow tulip shape, and the curved surface straightened to form a conical sheet like as the simplex swirl atomizer. Spray cone angle was nearly 90 deg. Variations of SMD were examined in order to describe the dependency of SMD on the injection pressure and orifice diameter. The shape of deflector and oriffice diameter had an effect on the discharge coefficient.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.974-979
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• 2003

This study aimed to analyze spray characteristics and the ambient flow field in the mixture preparation state of the premixed combustion stage. It is very important to understand the spray characteristics and the fuel injection conditions in direct injection diesel engine because the emission gas compositions from diesel engines are related to spray formation processes of the premixed combustion stage. The numerical simulation was performed using the STAR-CD which is a commercial CFD code. Computed results of the transient high pressure diesel spray were compared with experimental results of the same spray injection condition in the constant volume chamber. The results show that spray patterns of numerical simulation agree with this experimental results comparatively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2017

Cold spray (Cold gas dynamic spray, kinetic spray) is the latest spray coating process that is known as solid state deposition process. In cold spray, inert gases (typically nitrogen and helium) accelerate powder particles prior to impact onto the substrate. Accelerating particles start to deposit onto the substrate after reaching certain critical velocities depending on the coating materials and substrate. Since process gas temperatures are kept below to melting temperature of the coating materials, it is possible to spray temperature sensitive materials such as copper and titanium, nanocrystal materials, and amorphous metals without affecting the phase change and oxide formation. It is also possible to deposit thick coatings because cold spray coatings present compressive residual stresses. This ability to deposit thick coatings is suitable to repair or rebuild parts as an additive manufacturing process. In this presentation, cold spray is introduced and compared to other additive manufacturing processes such as laser and electron beam based processes. It is also presented some applications especially in the view point of additive manufacturing process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the global spray behavior and spray characteristics of high-pressure fuel injector in the direct-injection goasoline enginet. The atomization characteristics of fuel spary such as mean droplet size, mean velocity , and velocity distribution were measured by the phase Doppler particle analyzer. The spray tip penetration and spray width were investigated by the result fo visualizaiton experiment. The quantitiative spary characteristics of injector spray were measured under various sparay conditions and ambient pressures. The results of experiment show that the increase in ambient pressure have influence on the spray tip penetration and spray development process. Also, the influence of injection pressure and measuring location on the mean velocity and droplet size distribution were discussed.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2003

To find suitable injection pressure, ultra high pressure impinging spray characteristics were investigated with a impinging distance and a impinging angle by using high pressure injection system. As impinging distance was increased, spray penetration was decreased but spray height was increased. For increase of injection pressure, spray penetration and spray height were increased until 2,500bar. But over this injection pressure region, the rate of increase was decreased suddenly.