• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.298-313
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of natural compounds in improving athletic ability has attracted attention in both sports and research. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) leaves are used to make traditional herbal medicines in Asia. The active components of G. pentaphyllum, dammarane saponins, or gypenosides, possess a range of biological activities. On the other hand, the anti-fatigue effects from G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) and its effective compound, gypenoside L (GL), remain to be determined. MATERIALS/METHODS: This study examined the effects of GPE on fatigue and exercise performance in ICR mice. GPE was administered orally to mice for 6 weeks, with or without treadmill training. The biochemical analysis in serum, glycogen content, mRNA, and protein expressions of the liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: The ExGPE (exercise with 300 mg/kg body weight/day of GPE) mice decreased the fat mass percentage significantly compared to the ExC mice, while the ExGPE showed the greatest lean mass percentage compared to the ExC group. The administration of GPE improved the exercise endurance and capacity in treadmill-trained mice, increased glucose and triglycerides, and decreased the serum creatine kinase and lactate levels after intensive exercise. The muscle glycogen levels were higher in the ExGPE group than the ExC group. GPE increased the level of mitochondrial biogenesis by enhancing the phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein and the mRNA expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial DNA, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ, superoxide dismutase 2, and by decreasing the lactate dehydrogenase B level in the soleus muscle (SOL). GPE also improved PGC-1α activation in the SOL significantly through AMPK/p38 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that GPE supplementation enhances exercise performance and has anti-fatigue activity. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism was elucidated. Therefore, GPE is a promising candidate for developing functional foods and enhancing the exercise capacity and anti-fatigue activity.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to establish a classification systems of sport culture contents for enhancing cultural competitiveness. The main research method for this was the Delphi survey based on the literature. Through a literature review, the definition of sport cultural contents and the classification system of major industrial countries were analyzed. The Delphi survey by a panel of 25 was conducted over a two-round. The results were as follows: first, the sport culture contents includes an artistic creativity, which have a working form that enables delivery to the public and organizing sports activities, and classify as a technology for high value-added content and services. Second, the 'culture' for the large category item, which include the cultural heritage and culture art. The 'media' recognize the importance of temporal concepts with traditional media and it was classified as new media. In the case of items in the large category 'events' are classified as national and international sporting events and festivals, the 'services' main category item is divided into social, care, educational services. Finally, the 'others' includes such as copyrighted items.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.125-147
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• 2023

This study analyzes the current status of reading programs in public libraries based on literature research and data from the National Library Statistics System to derive implications and, based on this, to determine policy directions necessary to revitalize reading programs in public libraries in the future. First, based on the implications derived from the analysis, a plan for securing and sharing data on reading activities in public libraries. Second, the results of a correlation analysis of factors related to the planning and operation of reading programs present to suggest ways to revitalize sustainable reading programs. Third, the improvement of reading program evaluation indicators and expanding qualitative evaluation and creating an official mechanism to collect opinions from public libraries on a regular basis by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Korean Library Association. Fourth, a cooperative network between public libraries that held reading competitions was proposed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.1094-1104
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• 2023

Aggression in horses may cause serious accidents during riding and non-riding activities. Hence, predicting the temperament of horses is essential for selecting suitable horses and ensuring safety during the activity. In certain animals, such as hamsters, plasma melatonin concentrations have been correlated with aggressive behavior. However, whether this relationship applies to horses remains unclear. To address this research gap, this study aimed to evaluate differences in the plasma melatonin concentrations among horses of different breeds, ages, and sexes and examine the correlation between plasma melatonin concentrations and the temperament of the horses, including docility, affinity, dominance, and trainability. Blood samples from 32 horses were collected from the Horse Industry Complex Center of Jeonju Kijeon College. The docility, affinity, dominance, and trainability of the horses were assessed by three professional trainers who were well-acquainted with the horses. Plasma melatonin concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The consequent values were compared between the horses of different breeds, ages, and sexes using a three-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc test. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify the relationship between plasma melatonin concentrations and docility, affinity, dominance, and trainability. The results showed that the plasma melatonin concentrations significantly differed with breeds in Thoroughbred and cold-blooded horses. However, there were no differences in the plasma melatonin concentrations between the horse ages and sexes. Furthermore, plasma melatonin concentrations did not exhibit a significant correlation with the ranking of docility, affinity, dominance, and trainability.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, based on ballistic stretching and the contract-relax technique, on hip joint flexibility and muscle tone in adults with shortened rectus femoris muscles. Methods: The study involved 40 adults with shortened rectus femoris muscles, identified using the modified Thomas test. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: PNF stretching, employing the contract-relax technique, and ballistic stretching. Measurements included muscle tension, hip joint range of motion, and muscle characteristics. The rectus femoris muscle shortening effect was confirmed by the modified Thomas test, while the flexibility effect was assessed through hip joint motion range. The muscle tension effect was determined using Myoton-PRO. Results: Both stretching methods resulted in significant improvements in modified Thomas test angles and frequency, with the PNF stretching group showing notably greater changes. However, neither stretching method significantly affected decrement or stiffness measurements. These findings suggest that PNF stretching may be more effective for certain outcomes compared to ballistic stretching. Conclusion: In summary, both stretching methods positively influenced flexibility and muscle tension, with PNF stretching showing a greater impact. These findings highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate stretching technique for achieving functional improvements in muscles, which could serve as valuable indicators for preventing and treating muscle injuries in both sports and daily activities.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.167-174
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• 2023

Electronic educational environments in the conditions of quarantine restrictions of COVID-19 have become a common phenomenon for the organization of distance educational activities. Under the conditions of Russian aggression, Ukrainian proof of their use is unique. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of electronic educational environments in the process of training applicants for higher education in Ukraine in the realities of a large-scale war. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction) and special pedagogical prognostic methods, modeling, and SWOT analysis methods were used. In the results, the general properties of the Internet educational platforms common in Ukraine, the peculiarities of using the Moodle and Prometheus platforms, and an approximate model of the electronic learning environment were discussed. The reasons for the popularity of Moodle among Ukrainian universities are analyzed, but vulnerable elements related to security are emphasized. It was also determined that the high cost of Prometheus software and less functionality made this learning environment less relevant. The conclusions state that the military actions drew the attention of universities in Ukraine to the formation of their own educational platforms. This is especially relevant for technical and military institutions of higher education.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.906-912
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• 2023

This study attempted to reveal the influence of the exchange relationship (TMX) between Pilates leaders and members on job performance. Accordingly, from April 1 to July 12, 2023, 82 lines of couple data (164 people: 82 leaders, 82 members) were sampled and the following results were derived. First, the higher the leader exchange relationship, the higher the leader's job performance, and the higher the member exchange relationship, the higher the leader's job performance. Second, it can be seen that the higher the leader exchange relationship, the higher the member's job performance, and the higher the member exchange relationship, the higher the member's job performance. Therefore, it can be seen as a result of reflecting the systematic demand for exchange activities because the dependent relationship leads to active job participation through mutual relationships with colleagues.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2024

This study analyzes the athleisure wear purchase status, wearing conditions, and design preferences of men in their 20s and 30s and provides basic data for the development of men's athleisure wear that reflects consumer preferences. An online survey was conducted on 200 men from August 23 to August 27, 2023. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 48 questions, including 8 questions about the respondent's general information, 19 questions about the purchase status of athleisure wear, 6 questions about the status of wearing athleisure wear, and 15 questions about athleisure wear design preferences. The survey results are as follows. The most common motive for exercise participation was 'maintaining health.' 'Nike' was the most preferred and purchased brand among athleisure wear brands, and the main place of purchase of athleisure wear was 'Internet and mobile shopping malls', reflecting the recent purchasing trend of the MZ generation. When purchasing athleisure wear, the most common selection criterion was 'design', followed by 'fitting comfort', 'possibility to use as daily wear', and 'price'. The most common route to obtain purchase information was 'Internet search', and the 'overall satisfaction' with athleisure wear was found to be satisfactory with an average of 3.83. The most common reason for wearing athleisure wear was 'because it is comfortable to do activities', followed by 'because it can be used as everyday wear'. Lastly, 'black', 'short-sleeved t-shirt', 'short length' sleeve, 'round neckline', 'waist length', and 'relaxed loose fit' were preferred for the top design, and 'black', 'shorts', 'full elastic type' waistband, 'regular fit that fits the body well' were preferred for the bottom design.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2007

Purpose: This study evaluate clinical findings & management of rhabdomyolysis after strenuous activities in military police recruit. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out from June $1^{st}$, 2004 and May $23^{nd}$, 2005. The study subjects were 13 military police recruit patients who were admitted to our hospital with intractable muscle pain and swelling, and had suspicions of Rhabdomyolysis. The patients were given various blood tests (CPK, CK-MB, AST, BUN/Cr, and Electrolyte) and clinically observed. The patients were all males, and their average age was 20 $(19\sim21)$ years. Seven cases were due to push-up exercises, 5 was due to a soccer game, and 1 was due to riot control activities. The patients complained of swelling and tenderness in various parts of the extremities. Four complained of swelling and tenderness in forearm, 3 in upper arm, 1 in shoulder, and 5 in lower extremity. The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was made if the patient complained clinical symptom and had a blood CPK level of above 1,000 IU/L at the time of admission. Patients who took medication or had medical problem were excluded from this study. Bone scans were taken of all patients 4 hours after giving 99mTc-MDP 20mCi intravenously. Treatment was bed rest and fluid therapy. Patients who complained of excessive pain were given splint immobilization. Results: The average hospitalization day for the 13 patients was 20 days ($14\sim42$ days). Excluding one patient who exhibited ARF at time of admission, all patients showed a decrease of blood CPK below 1000 IU/L at an average hospitalization time of 8 days ($2\sim11$ days). The patient with ARF recovered after hemodialysis and fluid therapy. Conclusion: Patients complaining of swelling and severe muscle pain after excessive exercise or training should be suspicious of exercise induced rhabdomyolysis, and should be given blood tests and fluid therapy immediately.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.305-319
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• 2020

A The purpose of this study was to determine the present state of the exercise rehabilitation field, promote elderly sport for all, and present a revitalization program for higher quality of life for the elderly in the coming era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and aged society. Literature review was performed to analyze the actual conditions of the activities for elderly sport for all and the relevant field of exercise rehabilitation, analyze the elderly health and welfare and elderly sport for all programs, and present a plan for revitalizing the field of exercise rehabilitation to promote elderly sport for all. First, it is necessary to reinforce the awareness and promotion of the need and importance of exercise rehabilitation in inducing seniors to participate in sport for all. Second, it is necessary to make it compulsory to place sport leaders for seniors at such places as elderly leisure and welfare centers and promote expertise in managing elderly health guidance efficiently through cooperation with welfare workers. Third, it is necessary to make it compulsory to take exercise rehabilitation and similar subjects in the curriculums of sport for all, elderly sport welfare, and silver welfare sport as well as the subject of volunteering activities at such places as elderly leisure and welfare centers with the aim of giving opportunities for career choice. Fourth, it is necessary to develop characterized exercise rehabilitation programs at senior welfare centers, community centers for the elderly, and elderly classes and employ experts equipped with exercise event and exercise rehabilitation capabilities as itinerant lecturers to contribute to the government's job creation policies through cooperation between the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism (MOCST) and the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW). Fifth, it is necessary to make a greater investment in research and development required for elderly sport for all. Sixth, it is necessary to develop and distribute various exercise rehabilitation treatment videos and guidelines that seniors can use for themselves. This is associated with the fifth one; in particular, it is urgent to devise measures against Coronavirus 19. Seventh, it is necessary to reduce inefficiency and budget waste caused by overlapped tasks by establishing a new elderly sports promotion organization through adjustment by MOCST and MOHW; it is also necessary to increase the functions of organization establishment with the aim of reinforcing the education area, which involves post-retirement health care, exercise rehabilitation, safety accident prevention, and virus.