• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.495-501
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop the inertial sensor module system to detect gait event using single angular rate sensor(gyroscope), and evaluate the accuracy of this system. This sensor module is attached at the heel and gait events such as heel strike, foot flat, heel off, toe off are detected by using proposed automatic event detection algorithm. The developed algorithm detect characteristics of pitch data of the gyroscope to find gait event. To evaluate the accuracy of system, 3D motion capture system was used and synchronized with sensor module system for comparison of gait event timings. In experiment, 6 subjects performed 5 trials level walking with 3 different conditions such as slow, preferred and fast. Results showed that gait event timings by sensor module system are similar to that by kinematic data, because maximum absolute errors were under 37.4msec regardless of gait velocity. Therefore, this system can be used to detect gait events. Although this system has advantages of small, light weight, long-term monitoring and high accuracy, it is necessary to improve the system to get other gait information such as gait velocity, stride length, step width and joint angles.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2005

To examine the eating attitudes, weight concerns, dietary intake, and menstrual function of Korean female elite athletes, 109 subjects in seven sports disciplines (rhythmic gymnastics, synchronized swimming, badminton, volleyball, Taekwondo, field hockey, and soccer) responded to a questionnaire consisted of three parts; eating attitudes and behavior(Eating Attitude Test-26; EAT26), body weight perception (Body Dissatisfaction Index: BDI) and weight control behavior, and menstrual history and status. They also recorded three-day dietary intake. Body weight (43.6$\pm$4.3 kg) and body mass index (16.7$\pm$1.4 kg/$m^2$) in rhythmic gymnasts were lower than those in other athletes (P<0.05). EAT26 scores were not different among sport events (12.3$\pm$6.5 total), however, eating disturbances (EAT26 score$\geq$20) were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes ($30\%$) than in others ($5\%$). More than half of the athletes perceived themselves overweight and four fifth of the athletes desired to reduce weight about 4.4 kg. The gymnasts consumed the lowest caloric intake (1028:t371) while the volleyball players did the highest (2995$\pm$342 kcal/d) (P<0.05). The BDI score was not different among sport events. Three fourth of the athletes experienced weight control, and the most frequently used weight reduction method was exercise followed by using robber suits, diet, and sauna. About $40\%$ of the subjects reported irregular menstrual cycles, but menstrual dysfunction ($\leq$6 menses/yr) was only $5\%$. Generally, the Korean female elite athletes desired to reduce weight from their current body weight. No differences in eating attitude and body dissatisfaction were noticed among athletic disciplines. However, eating disturbances were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes who also reported much less energy intake than the recommend daily energy intake. It appeared that weight reduction methods were not properly practiced in these population. Menstrual dysfunction was minimally reported.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate time of the phase, angle of the right ankle, knee, and hip joint, lateral angle of the trunk, mediolateral displacement of COM, and vertical displacement of COM between two groups while executing grand battement $jet{\acute{e}}$ $\acute{a}$ la seconde in a center exercise setting through 3D video analysis. The subjects participated in this study were skilled and unskilled 6 female ballet majors in Busan, respectively. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The time of the phase 2 was faster than P3. It shows a significant difference(p<.05) for P1 and P4 between skilled and unskilled groups 2. The angle of He right ankle joint has a significant difference(p<.05) at E4 between skilled and unskilled groups. The angle of the right knee joint has no significant difference at all events between skilled and unskilled groups. The angle of the right hip joint has a significant difference(p<.001) at E3 between skilled and unskilled groups. 3. The lateral angle of the trunk has a significant difference(p<.05) at E1 and at E5 between skilled and unskilled groups. The skilled group of the lateral angle of the trunk was lower than the unskilled group. However the skilled group's lateral angle of the trunk was bigger than the unskilled group at E3. It has significant difference(p<.001) at E3 between skilled and unskilled groups. 4. The mediolateral displacement of COM has no significant difference at all events between skilled and unskilled groups. The vertical displacement of COM has a significant difference(p<.01) at E3 between skilled and unskilled groups.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.505-511
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristic of the length of sentence of sports news articles compared with other sections, other newspaper and sports events. In order to achieve this purpose, 4 daily newspapers(Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, Kyunghyang Shinmun and MKsports) were selected as research sources. The length of sentence of collected articles was analyzed by One way ANOVA and Scheffe as post-hoc. The results of these analyses are summarized into three as follows: First, the length of sentence of news articles has significant difference by sections. To put it concretely, the sentences in politics section were the longest, and then economy, editorials comes. The sports section has the shortest sentences. Second, the length of sports articles has significant difference by newspapers. In particular, MK sports which is a sports-oriented newspaper has the shortest in the length of sentence of sports articles than other newspapers such as Chosun, Dong-A and Kyunghyang. Third, the length of sentence of sports articles has significant differences by the sports events. More specifically golf is the longest, and then basketball, soccer and baseball follows.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.209-219
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze biomechanical mechanism (posture, moment of back joint, EMG) when athletes (Judo, Ssirum) and lay people lifted a load according to two different lift methods; backlift and leglift. The number of subjects was 12; 8 athletes (4 for Judo, 4 for Ssirum) and 4 lay people. We recorded a lift motion in backlift and leglift using 7 real time infrared cameras (vicon) and analyzed EMG pattern of major muscles for a lift (lattisimus dorsi, erector spinae, biceps femoris). In a backlift Judo players showed a biggest range of back flexion and extension motion and lay people flexed more than other groups at phase 2 in which an interaction between groups and events was statistically significant (p=.024). In a leglift Ssirum players more flexed their back in a barbell lift and there was a statistical significance (p=.021) between groups and events. For moment of back joints, 1) in a backlift a larger loading on back joints in all three groups at phase 2 when lifting down a barbell, 2) in a leglift a larger loading on back joints when lifting down a barbell in two athlete groups but a larger loading when lifting up a barbell in lay people group, and all groups did not show any statistical significance. For EMG, right lattisimus dorsi muscle in a backlift was statistical significant (p=.006) in an interaction between groups and phase but left lattisimus dorsi muscle was insignicant, and there was not any significance in a leglift. Generally atheletes (Judo and Ssirum) used more their muscles of lower extremity in lifting up and down and lay people did more their ones of upper extremity.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.327-340
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the height of jump, angle of the ankle and knee, the angular velocity of the ankle and knee between two types of ballet shoes during a jump in the 1st position. The subjects were 5 female ballet majors of university in Busan the majors who have been dancing ballet for six years on the average. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The height of jump had no significant difference between two types of ballet shoes, and then the average of the height of jump with point shoes group ($20.24{\pm}4.62\;cm$) was a little higher than ballet shoes group ($17.50{\pm}4.05\;cm$). 2. The angle of the ankle had no significant difference for all events between two types of ballet shoes. The minimum angle of ankle joint was represented to $54.36_{\circ}$ at the E1 of the left ankle angle of the ballet shoes and the maximum value was showed $155.43_{\circ}$ at the E3 of the right ankle angle of the point shoes. 3. The angle of the knee had no significant difference for all events between two types of ballet shoes. The minimum angle of knee joint was represented to $99.54_{\circ}$ at the E1 of the left knee angle of the ballet shoes and the maximum value was showed $174.25_{\circ}$ at the E3 of the right knee angle of the point shoes. 4. The ankle velocity of the ankle had no significant difference for all events between two types of ballet shoes. The minimum angular velocity of the ankle was represented to 4.35 deg/s at the maximum height(E3) of the point shoes and the maximum value was showed 597.81 deg/s at the take-off(E2) of the right ankle angle of the point shoes. 5. The angular velocity of the knee had significant difference between two types of ballet shoes at the event 1(p<.05). The minimum angular velocity of the hee was represented to -1.68 deg/s at the maximum height(E3) of the point shoes and the maximum value was showed 360.25 deg/s at the take-off(E2) of the left knee angle of the ballet shoes. The other events had no significant difference between two types of ballet shoes.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.53
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• pp.231-251
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• 2017

Taekwondo has developed into a global sport that sports 80 million people from 208 countries around the world. Korea is the mother country of Taekwondo, and there are many international Taekwondo events in Korea. As important as the image of Taekwondo contents, it will be operation plan and management for event facilities. In particular, safety management for participants is more important than anything else. In case of Taekwondo where there are many national events, there are many foreign visitors, so safety management in facilities and running programs needs to be important. In this study, we conducted in - depth interviews with experts with a career in Taekwondo events. Based on the in - depth interviews, we analyzed the safety management problems of the international Taekwondo events and suggested improvement directions to overcome them. Based on the results of these researches, the improvement direction of Taekwondo event safety management proposed in the first category is a demand for improving safety and injury related system construction. The second category, the safety improvement of visitors, is to secure professional manpower and secure budgets. Also, what is important in the third category, facility safety area, is the proposal to introduce facility safety certification system.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

The immune response to any stimulus is complex, requiring coordinated action by several types of cells in a tightly regulated sequence. Thus, a physical stress such as exercise may act at any number of points in the complex sequence of events collectively termed the immune response. Although exercise causes many propound changes in parameters of immune function, the nature and magnitude of such changes rely on several factors including the immune parameters of interest; type, intensity, and duration of exercise; fitness level or exercise history of the subject; environmental factors such as ambient temperature and humidity. Although regular moderate exercise appears to be important factor for increasing immunity, Athletes are susceptible to illness, in particular upper respiratory track infection, during periods of intense training and after competition. In addition, in elite athletes, frequent illness is associated with overtraining syndrome, a neuroendocrine disorder resulting from excessive training. Through this paper, we want to investigate the effects of exercise on the immunosuppression such as exercise induced lymphopenia, asthma, anaphylaxis, URT (upper respiratory track), and TB (tuberculosis) infection. and also, we want to suggest a direct mechanism, protection and therapy of exercise induced immunosuppression.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.92-101
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• 2010

Many cities in the world are trying to enhance city awareness and city image through international events. In this study, the impact of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on Beijing Image was investigated by survey. According to the result of data analysis, there is a positive correlation between the watching time of Beijing Olympic Games on TV in weekend and familiarity to Beijing. And there is a positive correlation between the watching time of Beijing Olympic Games on TV in weekend and attitude toward Beijing, too. Familiarity to Beijing and Beijing Olympic Games management have an significant impact on Beijing image, attitude toward Beijing and intention to visit Beijing. Familiarity to Beijing than Beijing Olympic Games management has a larger impact on Beijing image and attitude toward Beijing.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to help golfers to select adequate putters and to provide golfers basic scientific data for improving athletic performance by showing differences of kinematic variables according to the shape of putter head. In this research three right-handed male pro-golfer who are listed at KPGA were studied and three video camera (GR-HD1KR, JVC, Japan) were used and recording speed was 60 frame/sec during the research. In this study kinematic variables were calculated using Kwon3D XP program and analysed on the 4 events and 3 phases. This study showed the following results : (1) The swing of heel-toe putter showed longer time than that of face balanced putter, and there are statistical significant difference of kinematic variables of each objective (2) As of the trajectory of putter head, heel-toe putter showed more approximating curve trajectory than that of in-between, face balanced putter on the X-axis (3) heel-toe putter showed longer distance follow-through than that of other putters by statistically significant difference on the Y-axis (4) Heel-toe putter showed longer distance swing trajectory over the ground than that of other putters by statistically significant difference on the Z-axis.