• 음성과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2005

This study aimed at clarifing clinical effects of eight-step continuum treatment in a patient who showed apraxia of speech after stroke. The eight-step continuum treatment consisted of 8 steps and its clinical efficacy has been proven with American apraxic patients. However, it has not been clinically proven to be effective in Korean patients with apraxia of speech as of yet. Therefore, this study was conducted in an effort to provide preliminary clinical evidence regarding its effectiveness regardless of the linguistic differences between Korean and English. The therapy took place twice a week for 6 months, a total of 48 times. The results showed that the patient's receptive language was improved from 83% to 89% and 37% in accuracy, and expressive language from 15% to 37%. It seemed that spontaneous recovery did not playa role in his improvement since the study was conducted 2 years after the stroke. In addition, the improvement of expressive language was much greater(22%) than that of receptive language(6%), which implied that the therapy was effective in apraxia of speech because apraxia of speech is relatively confined to expressive ability, more specifically motor programming and sequencing.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2020

아동이 산출하는 말소리를 평가할 때 단어와 문장을 유도하여 산출한 말소리를 분석하고, 자발화를 이용하여 분석하기도 한다. 단어 검사와 자발화 검사의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 평가 방법으로 문장 따라말하기 과제가 있다. 문장 따라말하기 과제를 통한 아동의 말소리 평가는 자발화와 유사한 특성을 보이면서 단어와 같이 제한된 시간 안에 다양한 음소를 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 모음문맥에서 자음을 배치하고 모든 음소가 3회 이상의 출현 기회를 가질 수 있도록 계획된 11개의 문장 따라말하기를 통해 연령과 성별에 따라서 단어단위 음운지표와 개정자음정확도의 발달을 살펴보았다. 전국에 거주하는 3세부터 7세까지 아동 535명을 대상으로 UTAP2에 새롭게 포함된 11개 문장 따라말하기 과제를 실시하였다. 말소리발달을 평가할 수 있는 지표 PCC-R, PWC, PMLU, PWP을 구하였다. 아동은 연령별 6개월 단위로 10개의 집단을 구분하고 각 지표에 대해 연령집단과 성별에 따른 차이를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 모든 지표에서 연령이 증가함에 따라 수치가 상승하였으며 연령집단 간 차이는 유의하였다. 성별에 따른 차이와 연령과 성별의 상호작용효과는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 전국에서 자료를 수집하였고, 연령집단을 6개월로 나누어 보았으며, 집단별 데이터를 충분히 수집하였다는 점과 단어와 자발화 검사의 한계점을 보완할 수 있는 문장 따라말하기라는 새로운 말소리 평가 방법의 연령별 준거 자료를 제시하였다는 측면에서 의의가 있다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 한국어의 휴지 실현에 과제, 세대, 성별이라는 변수가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 구어 코퍼스에서 세대, 성별에 따른 총 48명을 선정하여 두 가지 발화 과제 데이터를 분석하였다. 휴지는 발화에서 출현하는 위치와 들숨 동반 여부에 따라 들숨 동반 발화 말 휴지, 들숨 동반 발화 내 휴지, 들숨 비동반 발화 말 휴지, 들숨 비동반 발화 말 휴지로 구분하여 살펴보았고 각각의 빈도와 길이, 그리고 휴지에 영향을 줄 수 있는 다양한 요소들을 함께 살펴보았다. 그 결과 발화 말 휴지 길이가 발화 내 휴지 길이보다 약 160 ms 이상 더 긴 것을 확인하였다. 이는 휴지가 운율적 정규성을 가지며, 발화 말 휴지는 발화의 종결을 신호하는 역할을 체계적으로 수행한다는 것을 의미한다. 자유 발화는 낭독 발화보다 더 긴 휴지가 더 자주 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 낭독 발화에서는 화자의 즉각적이고 적극적인 발화 계획이 요구되기 때문이다. 성별의 경우 전반적으로 남성은 여성보다 길고 빈번한 휴지를 보였다. 특히 들숨 동반 휴지는 남성이 여성보다 길었다. 세대의 경우 장년층이 청년층보다 더 자주 휴지를 산출했다. 이 밖에도 변수 간 상호 작용 효과가 관찰되었다. 휴지 길이의 성별 차이에 따르면 남성이 여성보다 휴지 길이가 긴데, 이는 특히 발화 말 휴지에서 두드러졌다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.15-19
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to provide some information on frequencies of occurrence for units of Korean phonemes and syllables analysing spontaneous speech spoken by 3 to 8-year-old Korean children. 49 Korean Children(7${\sim}$10 children for each age) were employed as subjects for this study. Speech data were recorded and phonemically transcribed. 120 utterances for each child were selected for analysis except one child whose data were only 91 utterances. The data size of the present study were 5,971 utterances, 5,1554 syllables, and 105491 phonemes. Among 19 consonants, /n/ showed highest frequency rate of these four conson ants were over 50% for all age groups. Among 18 vowels, /a/ was the most frequent one and /i/ and / ${\wedge}$ were the second and third respectively. The frequency rate of these four consonants were over 50% for all age groups. Frequently occurring syllable types were a part of grammatical word in most cases. Only 5${\sim}$6% of syllable types covered 50% of speech.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2002

Aphasia is frequent in stroke patients and most patients with aphasia exhibit spontaneous progressive improvement in language abilities over time, but few recover completely. Neurological variables, especially initial severity of aphasia and time post-onset, appear to have influence on improvement. Effect of speech therapy and pharmacotherapy has been studied and some drugs, like amphetamine are proved to be benefit for recovery of aphasia following stroke. But there has been few evidence to facilitate recovery from aphasia by acupuncture or herbal medication therapy. So we report two cases of aphasic stroke patients who treated by combination therapy of acupuncture, herbal medication(Cheongsinhaeo-tang) and speech therapy over 6 months and improved in language abilities. Further clinical studies will be needed to explore the effects of acupuncture and herbal medication therapy for aphasia. Researchers should examine the long term effect of these treatment, and whether it is more effective than speech therapy and western pharmacotherapy or not..

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2022

Specific Language Impairment is one of the serious disorders that interferes with spontaneous communication skills in children. Children suffering from this disorder may have reading, speaking, or listening impairments, and such type of disorders are also termed Autism Speech Disorder (ASD) in medical terminology. The aim of the article is to define specific language impairment in children and the problems it can cause. The different methods adopted by speech pathologists to diagnose language impairment. Finally implementing machine learning models to automate the process and help speech pathologists and pediatricians/ in diagnosing the specific language impairment.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.93-109
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• 2007

It is reported that the orthognathic patients suffer from not only aesthetic problems but also resonance disorder and articulation disorder because of the abnormality of the oral cavity. This study was designed to investigate the resonance of nasality and the intelligibility of speech for acoustic characteristics of patients' speech before and after orthognatic surgery. 8 orthognathic patients participated in the study. The nasality of words containing Korean consonants, Korean consonants and frequency and intensity of the fricative /s/ were measured using Nasometer and CSL (Computerized Speech Lab). Results were as follows: First, the nasality of post orthognathic surgery patients decreased in spontaneous speech. There was a significant difference in the nasality for all words between pre and post orthognatic surgery patients. Second, the nasality of each Korean consonant phoneme of post orthognathic surgery patients decreased. There was also a significant difference of the nasality for each Korean consonant phoneme between pre and post orthognatic surgery patients. Third, the decreased nasality for Korean consonant phonemes showed in plosives, affricates, fricatives, liquids, and nasals after surgery. But the significant difference showed only in plosives and fricatives. Finally, frequency and intensity for the fricative /s/ of post orthognathic patients increased.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2019

Spontaneous speech provides rich information defining the linguistic characteristics of individuals. As such, computational analysis of speech would enhance the efficiency involved in evaluating patients' speech. This study aims to provide a method to differentiate the persons with and without aphasia based on language usage. Ten aphasic patients and their counterpart normal controls participated, and they were all tasked to describe a set of given words. Their utterances were linguistically processed and compared to each other. Computational analyses from PCA (Principle Component Analysis) to machine learning were conducted to select the relevant linguistic features, and consequently to classify the two groups based on the features selected. It was found that functional words, not content words, were the main differentiator of the two groups. The most viable discriminators were demonstratives, function words, sentence final endings, and postpositions. The machine learning classification model was found to be quite accurate (90%), and to impressively be stable. This study is noteworthy as it is the first attempt that uses computational analysis to characterize the word usage patterns in Korean aphasic patients, thereby discriminating from the normal group.

• 아시아태평양코퍼스연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

The present study employed an analytical framework that is characterised by a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative analyses with a specially designed computer software SpeechActConc to examine speech acts in business communication. The naturally occurring data from the audio recordings and the prosodic transcriptions of the business sub-corpora of the HKCSE (prosodic) are manually annotated with a speech act taxonomy for finding out the frequency of fillers, the co-occurring patterns of fillers with other speech acts, and the linguistic realisations of fillers. The discoursal function of fillers to sustain the discourse or to hold the floor has diverse linguistic realisations, ranging from a sound (e.g. 'uhuh') and a word (e.g. 'well') to sounds (e.g. 'um er') and words, namely phrase ('sort of') and clause (e.g. 'you know'). Some are even combinations of sound(s) and word(s) (e.g. 'and um', 'yes er um', 'sort of erm'). Among the top five frequent linguistic realisations of fillers, 'er' and 'um' are the most common ones found in all the six genres with relatively higher percentages of occurrence. The remaining more frequent realisations consist of clause ('you know'), word ('yeah') and sound ('erm'). These common forms are syntactically simpler than the less frequent realisations found in the genres. The co-occurring patterns of fillers and other speech acts are diverse. The more common co-occurring speech acts with fillers include informing and answering. The findings show that fillers are not only frequently used by speakers in spontaneous conversation but also mostly represented in sounds or non-linguistic realisations.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 제11회 음성통신 및 신호처리 워크샵 논문집 (SCAS 11권 1호)
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• pp.303-309
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• 1994

최근의 음성연구의 관신은 낭독음성에서 자유발화음성으로 옮겨가고 있다. 본고에서는 자유발화음성을 대상으로한 음성번역 및 대화시스템의 연구동향과 함께 자유발화의 음성 및 텍스트코퍼스 구축을 위한 몇몇 사항들을 살펴보고, 필자들이 현재 수집중인 코퍼스의 예를 소개한다.