• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.44-58
• /
• 1990

Literacy acquisition is a social phenomenon. Children in a literate society grow up with literacy as an integral part of their personal, familial, and social histories. Because it is language, children learn written language in ways similar to oral language. However. because it is written, the ways in which written language differs from oral language in terms of its different functions and forms affect the way in which children learn written language. Written language is likely to be more decontextualized than spoken language. The ability to use decontextualized language seems to be crucial to successful participation and progress in school. Experiences identified as contributing to preschool children's literacy development contribute to their ability to use language in a decontextualized way. Teale and Sulzby's(1986) metaphor of emergent literacy has provided a conceptual scheme for understanding the nature and process of literacy acquisition in early childhood.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 2008

Spoken dialog tasks incur many errors including speech recognition errors, understanding errors, and even dialog management errors. These errors create a big gap between the user's intention and the system's understanding, which eventually results in a misinterpretation. To fill in the gap, people in human-to-human dialogs try to clarify the major causes of the misunderstanding to selectively correct them. This paper presents a method of clarification techniques to human-to-machine spoken dialog systems. We viewed the clarification dialog as a two-step problem-Belief confirmation and Clarification strategy establishment. To confirm the belief, we organized the clarification process into three systematic phases. In the belief confirmation phase, we consider the overall dialog system's processes including speech recognition, language understanding and semantic slot and value pairs for clarification dialog management. A clarification expert is developed for establishing clarification dialog strategy. In addition, we proposed a new design of plugging clarification dialog module in a given expert based dialog system. The experiment results demonstrate that the error verifiers effectively catch the word and utterance-level semantic errors and the clarification experts actually increase the dialog success rate and the dialog efficiency.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2016

This paper describes an automatic vowel sequence reproduction system for a talking robot built to reproduce the human voice based on the working behavior of the human articulatory system. A sound analysis system is developed to record a sentence spoken by a human (mainly vowel sequences in the Japanese language) and to then analyze that sentence to give the correct command packet so the talking robot can repeat it. An algorithm based on a short-time energy method is developed to separate and count sound phonemes. A matching template using partial correlation coefficients (PARCOR) is applied to detect a voice in the talking robot's database similar to the spoken voice. Combining the sound separation and counting the result with the detection of vowels in human speech, the talking robot can reproduce a vowel sequence similar to the one spoken by the human. Two tests to verify the working behavior of the robot are performed. The results of the tests indicate that the robot can repeat a sequence of vowels spoken by a human with an average success rate of more than 60%.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2024

The Korean language has written (formal) and spoken (phonetic) forms that differ in their application, which can lead to confusion, especially when dealing with numbers and embedded Western words and phrases. This fact makes it difficult to automate Korean speech recognition models due to the need for a complete transcription training dataset. Because such datasets are frequently constructed using broadcast audio and their accompanying transcriptions, they do not follow a discrete rule-based matching pattern. Furthermore, these mismatches are exacerbated over time due to changing tacit policies. To mitigate this problem, we introduce a data-driven Korean spoken-to-written transcription conversion technique that enhances the automatic conversion of numbers and Western phrases to improve automatic translation model performance.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.144-148
• /
• 2019

비유창성(disfluency)은 문어와 같이 정연한 구조로 말하지 못하는 현상 전반을 지칭한다. 이는 구어에서 보편적으로 발생하는 현상으로 구어 의존 구문 분석의 난이도를 상향시키는 요인이다. 본 연구에서는 비유창성 요소 유형을 담화 표지, 수정 표현, 반복 표현, 삽입 표현으로 분류하였다. 또한 유형별 비유창성 요소를 실제 말뭉치에서 어떻게 구문 주석할 것인지를 제안한다. 이와 같은 구어 데이터 처리 방식은 대화시스템 등 구어를 처리해야 하는 도메인에서의 자연언어이해 성능 향상에 기여할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.411-426
• /
• 2003

I report on the case of a polyglot ‘savant’ (C), who is mildly autistic, severely apraxic, and of limited intellectual ability; yet who can read, write, speak and understand about twenty languages. I outline his abilities, both verbal and non-verbal, noting the asymmetry between his linguistic ability and his general intellectual inability and, within the former, between his unlimited morphological and lexical prowess as opposed to his limited syntax. I then spell out the implications of these findings for modularity. C's unique profile suggested a further project in which we taught him British Sign Language. I report on this work, paying particular attention to the learning and use of classifiers, and discuss its relevance to the issue of modality: whether the human language faculty is preferentially tied to the oral domain, or is ‘modality-neutral’ as between the spoken and the visual modes.

• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2023

Mathematics educators have emphasized the importance of language use in mathematics education. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on the spoken language used in mathematics classrooms, which provides limited information on the written language used by mathematics teachers. The written language reflects the characteristics of the teacher community and social, cultural, and political contexts. Moreover, the written language affects teachers' instructional practices and their students' mathematics learning experiences. Therefore, this study aims to review a study conducted by Lee and Kim (2022) investigating changes in mathematics teachers' pedagogical lexicons.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.139-142
• /
• 2004

This study examines the acoustic characteristics of Korean stops of two dialect, Seoul and Daegu, 20 speakers of these two dialects were asked to read 15 words containing the stops of different places of articulation and phonation types at initial. The stops in the two dialects show mainly two acoustic differences. Firstly, There was a difference in distinctive features for phonetic types in the two dialects. Secondly, lenis revel fortis`s characters in Daegu dialect.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to find prosodic characteristics in voice imitation. Speakers change various phonetic features in voice imitation. Speakers change their pitch ranges in the most cases. Especially, the pitch range is important for word conditions. And, as imitators change the voice, the average value of f0 is close to high frequence than low frequence or middle level.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 1998.10c
• /
• pp.396-404
• /
• 1998

본 논문에서는 언어학적 단위인 형태소의 특성을 유지하면서 음성인식 과정에 적합한 분리 기준의 새로운 디코딩 단위인 의사형태소(Pseudo-Morpheme)를 정의 하였다. 이러한 필요성을 확인하기 위해 새로이 정의된 40개의 품사 태그를 갖는 의사 형태소를 표제어 단위로 삼아 발음사전 생성과 형태소 해석에 초점을 두고 한국어 연속음성 인식 시스템을 구성하였다.