• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.438-443
• /
• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the difference in mask filters on the respiration rate of healthy people. Design: A randomized cross-over design. Methods: A total of 15 subjects were selected for this study (n=15). After filling out the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire, the selected participants abstained from caffeinated beverages and meals 30 minutes before and sat in a chair 10 minutes before stabilizing their breathing. Afterwards, the lung function test was performed 3 times for each mask, and the maximum value was used. The provided masks were Mask Free, Dental Mask, KF80, and KF94. Exhalation was measured for 6 seconds for each mask, and breathing was stabilized by repeating inhalation and exhalation until the next time. Results: In this study, the difference in respiratory function according to the mask type was statistically significant except for FEV1 and FVC (p<0.05). As a result of post-hoc analysis, FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEF values were significantly lower than those of the control group not wearing a mask (p<0.05). When wearing KF94, FVC, FEV1, PEF25-25%, and FEF were significantly lower than when wearing a dental mask (p<0.05). When wearing a KF80 mask, it was significantly lower in FVC and FEV1 than when wearing a dental mask (p<0.05). In FEV1/FVC, the difference by mask type was not statistically significant (p<0.05), but it was lower than the spirometry standard of COPD patients (FEV1/FVC<0.7). Conclusions: As Now that wearing a mask is essential, it has been confirmed that the mask affects the respiratory rate.Therefore, in the case of healthy adults, it is recommended to rest after wearing a mask if attention deficit or headache occurs. People with low breathing capacity are recommended to have low-intensity activities and frequent rest periods after wearing a mask.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study investigated the effects of air stacking training (AST) on pulmonary function, respiratory strength, and peak cough flow (PCF) in persons with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 24 persons with CSCI were randomly allocated to the AST group (n=12) or the incentive spirometry training (IST) group (n=12). Patients with CSCI received AST or IST for 15 minutes, with 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks, and all groups performed basic exercises for 15 minutes. In the AST group, after the subject inhaled the maximal amount of air as best as possible, the therapist insufflated additional air into the patient's lung using an oral nasal mask about 2-3 times. In the IST group, patients were allowed to hold for three seconds at the maximum inspiration and then to breathe. The pre and post-tests measured forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume one at second (FEV1), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and PCF. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in FVC, FEV1, MEP, MIP and PCF values after training (p<0.05). The FVC in the post-test and the mean change of FVC, FEV1, MIP were significantly higher in the AST group than the IST group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that AST significantly improved pulmonary function, respiratory strength, and PCF in persons with CSCI. Therefore, AST should be included in respiratory rehabilitation programs to improve coughing ability, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.654-661
• /
• 1999

연구배경 : 만성기침환자에 있어서 비폐색과 같은 주관적인 상기도 증상을 객관적인 지표로 나타내어 비교할 수 있게 하기 위해, 최근 비교적 높은 재현성을 보이는 것으로 보고된 비강최대흡기유속을 측정하여 만성기침환자들에서 비폐색을 객관적으로 측정해보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 정상인 7명에서 하루 2회씩 3일 동안 휴대용 폐활량 측정기를 이용하여 비강최대흡기유속과 폐기능검사를 시행하였다. 이들 7명을 포함한 총 32명의 정상인들과 만성기침환자 32명을 선별하여 최초 첫 방문 시에 비강최대흡기유속과 폐기능검사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 정상인 7명에 대해서는 비교적 일관된 비강최대흡기 유속과 $FEV_1$ 및 FVC를 얻을 수 있었다. 만성기침환자는 남자 14명, 여자 18명으로 총 32명이었으며 나이는 $41.4{\pm}15.9$세였으며, 정상인은 남자 22명, 여자 10명으로 총 32명이었으며 나이는 $39.8{\pm}18.6$세였다. 만성기침환자군과 정상인군 사이의 연령 및 폐기능검사 상의 차이는 없었다. 만성기침환자들에서 비강최대흡기유속은 $2.25{\pm}0.68\;L/sec$, 정상인들에서는 $2.75{\pm}1.00\;L/sec$로 만성기침환자에서 의미 있게 낮았다(p=0.02). 만성기침환자들 중, 후비루종후군환자들이 27명으로 가장 많았으며, 비강최대흡기유속은 $2.18{\pm}0.66\;L/sec$로 정상인 $2.75{\pm}1.00\;L/sec$ 보다 더욱 의미 있게 낮았다(p=0.006). 결 론 : 비강최대흡기유속은 만성기침환자들에 있어서 주관적인 비폐색 증상을 객관적으로 보여주는 지표이다. 비강최대흡기유속은 비교적 재현성 있는 지표이며, 정상인에 비해서 만성기침환자, 특히 원인 질환이 후비루 증후군인 환자들에서 특히 감소되었다. 하지만, 양군간의 값이 중복되는 범위가 많아서 진단 및 감별진단의 지표로서의 가치는 좀 더 많은 대상에 대한 연구에 의하여 확인되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2009

Objectives : Whilst hypertension exerts a negative effect on several organs there have been few studies regarding its effect on pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between hypertension and pulmonary function in rural Korean adults Methods : In 2006, 2534 people were recruited, aged 40 to 70, in Kangwha County. We selected 1454(male: 624, female: 830) participants whose pulmonary function results were repeatable. Blood pressure(BP) was measured twice and the average calculated. Participants were divided into two groups(hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group) in accordance with The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Pulmonary function was measured by dry rolling seal spirometry. Forced expiratory volume in the one second and forced vital capacity were converted into percent-predicted values based on average pulmonary function amongst Koreans. Results : The number of hypertensive participants in the present study was 460(male: 205, female: 255) and the number of non-hypertensive participants was 994(male: 419, female: 575). Our findings have shown that the mean values for expiratory volume in the one second and forced vital capacity were significantly lower for hypertensive people than for non-hypertensive people, among women(P=0.002 for forced expiratory volume in the one second, p<0.001 for forced vital capacity volume). Odds ratio analysis revealed that hypertensive participants were more likely to have lower pulmonary function than non-hypertensive participants, again significantly among women. Conclusions : The pulmonary function of hypertensive women was significantly lower than that of non-hypertensive women aged 40-70.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제71권2호
• /
• pp.106-113
• /
• 2011

Background: While asthma control is defined as the extent to which the various manifestations of asthma are reduced by treatment, current guidelines of asthma recommend assessment of asthma control without consideration of airway inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the relationships between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a reliable marker of airway inflammation, and levels of asthma control in patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Methods: We enrolled 71 adult patients with asthma who had been treated with ICS for more than four months. FeNO was measured and spirometry was performed at the time of enrollment. Asthma control was assessed (a) by the physician based on the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines, (b) by the patients, and (c) by using the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Statistical analyses were done to analyze the relationships between (i) FeNO and (ii) measures of asthma control and clinical indices for asthma manifestations. Results: There was no significant difference in FeNO levels between the three groups according to levels of asthma control (controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled) as determined by the physician (p=0.81), or by the patients (p=0.81). In addition, FeNO values were not significantly correlated with the ACT scores (r=0.031, p=0.807), while FeNO showed a correlation with peripheral blood eosinophil counts (p<0.001). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that FeNO levels are not associated with measures of asthma control in patients treated with ICS. Information on airway inflammation from FeNO concentrations seems to be unrelated to levels of asthma control

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.786-794
• /
• 1999

연구배경 : 척추의 이상굴곡 등으로 신장을 정확히 측정할 수 없는 환자에서 정상폐활량을 추정하기 위해서는 양팔벌린 손끝길이를 측정하여 신장을 예측한다. 연령을 고려하지 않고 고정된 비(AS/Ht ratio)를 이용하는 방법과 연령을 고려한 회귀방정식을 이용하는 두가지 방법이 있으며 이는 인종에 따라 다르다고 알려져있다. 대상 및 방법 : 우리나라 성인여성에서 양팔별린 손끝길이와 신장 그리고 연령과의 관계를 알아보고자 울산광역시에 거주하는 20-69세의 성인여성중 연령별로 표본추출된 381명(평균연령 $46.6{\pm}12.8$세, 평균신장 $154.3{\pm}5.7cm$)의 자료를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 우리나라 성인여성의 AS/Ht ratio는 $1.004{\pm}0.023$이다. 다중선형회귀분석상 양팔벌린 손끝길이와 연령이 모두 신장과 유의한 선형적 관련성을 보였다. Height(cm)=0.7094 Arm span(cm)-0.0891 Age(yr)+48.54(p=0.0001, $r^2$=0.76) AS/Ht ratio를 통한 신장 예측값와 실측값의 차이 즉, 잔차(residual)는 양팔벌린 손끝길이와 연령에 의해서 유의한 영향을 받는다 (p=0.0001). 양팔벌린 손끝길이 또는 연령이 감소할수록 AS/Ht ratio에 의한 신장 예측값은 실측값보다 낮아지며, 양팔벌린 손끝길이 또는 연령이 증가할수록 AS/Ht ratio에 의한 신장 예측값은 실측값보다 높아진다. 회귀방정식을 통한 신장 예측값과 실측값의 차이는 양팔벌린 손끝길이와 연령에 의한 영향을 받지 않는다(p>0.05). 결 론 : 우리나라 성인여성에서 정상폐활량 추정을 위한 신장 예측치를 구하고자 할 때 양팔벌린 손끝길이와 연령의 두 변수를 이용한 회귀방정식을 이용하는 것이 고정된 AS/Ht ratio를 이용하는 것보다 더 정확하다. As/Ht ratio는 양팔벌린 손끝길이와 연령의 양 극단에서 신장을 정확하게 예측하지 못한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제59권1호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2005

배 경 : 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환은 기관지 천식과 달리, 흡연과 연관이 있으며, 서서히 진행하는 고정된 기류제한을 특징으로 한다. 그러나 여러 연구에서 기류폐쇄의 가역성은 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서도 흔히 관찰되며, 지속적으로 흡입성 기관지확장제로 치료하였을 때에도 이러한 가역성이 보여, 증상의 경감과도 관련이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 지금까지 기관지 확장제의 반응정도와 질환의 중증도를 확인하는 연구는 없었으며, 이번 연구는 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 기류폐쇄의 정도와 기관지 확장제의 반응정도의 상관성을 GOLD 분류법을 통해 분석하였다. 방 법 : 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자들로 1초간 노력성 호기량의 노력성 폐활량에 대한 비($FEV_1/FVC$)가 0.7 이하인 경우를 대상으로 하여 GOLD 분류법과 기관지확장제 반응 여부에 따라 분류하였다. 기관지확장제 사용후 1초간 노력성 호기량, 노력성 폐활량의 변화정도에 따라 단독 용적 반응군, 단독 기류 반응군, 기류-용적반응군, 비반응군으로 나누어 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자는모두124명으로, 평균연령은 $65.89{\pm}8.43$세 였다. 기관지확장제에 반응을 보였던 반응군이 기관지확장제에 반응을 보이지 않았던 비반응군에 비해 폐기능 검사 수치들이 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 낮았으며, 반응군이 비반응군에 비해 GOLD 단계의 중증도가 더 높은 소견을 보였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 1967

In 20 normal cases and 39 pulmonary tuberculosis cases, regional pulmonary arterial blood flow measurements and lung perfusion scans by $^{131}I$-Macroaggregated albumin, lung inhalation scans by colloidal $^{198}Au$ and spirometries by respirometer were done at the Radiological Research Institute. The measured lung function tests were compared and the results were as the following: 1. The normal distribution of pulmonary blood flow was found to be $54.5{\pm}2.82%$ to the right lung and $45.5{\pm}2.39%$ to the left lung. The difference between the right and left pulmonary arterial blood flow was significant statistically (p<0.01). In the minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $52.5{\pm}5.3%$ to the right lung and $47.5{\pm}1.0%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was in the right lung, and $56.2{\pm}4.4%$ to the right lung and $43.8{\pm}3.1%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was in the left lung. The difference of pulmonary arterial blood flow between the right and left lung was statistically not significant compared with the normal distribution. In the moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the average distripution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $26.9{\pm}13.9%$ to the right lung and $73.1{\pm}13.9%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the right lung, and $79.6{\pm}12.8%$ to the right lung and $20.4{\pm}13.0%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the left lung. These were found to be highly significant statistically compared with the normal distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow (p<0.01). When both lungs were evenly involved, the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $49.5{\pm}8.01%$ to the right lung and $50.5{\pm}8.01%$ to the left lung. In the far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $18.5{\pm}11.6%$ to the right lung and $81.5{\pm}9.9%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the right lung, and $78.2{\pm}8.9%$ to the right lung and $21.8{\pm}10.5%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the left lung. These were found to be highly significant statistically compared with the normal distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow (p<0.01). When both lungs were evenly involved the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $56.0{\pm}3.6%$ to the right lung and $44.0{\pm}3.2%$ to the left lung. 2. Lung perfusion scan by $^{131}I$-MAA in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was as follows: a) In the pretreated minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, the decreased area of pulmonary arterial blood flow was corresponding to the chest roentgenogram, but the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow was more extensive than had been expected from the chest roentgenogram in the apparently healed minimal pulmonary tuberculosis. b) In the pretreated moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased area was corresponding to the chest roentgenogram, but the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow was more extensive in the treated moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis as in the treated minimal pulmonary tuberculosis. c) Pulmonary arterial blood flow in the patients with far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis both before and after chemotherapy were almost similar to the chest roentgenogram. Especially the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow to the cavity was usually greater than had been expected from the chest roentgenogram. 3. Lung inhalation scan by colloidal $^{198}Au$ in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was as follows: a) In the minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, lung inhalation scan showed almost similar decrease of radioactivity corresponding to the chest roentgenogram. b) In the moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis the decrease of radioactivity in the diseased area was partly corresponding to the chest roentgenogram in one hand and on the other hand the radioactivity was found to be normally distributed in stead of tuberculous lesion in the chest roentgenogram. c) In the far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, lung inhalation scan showed almost similar decrease of radioactivity corresponding to the chest roentgenogram as in the minimal pulmonary tuberculosis. 4. From all these results, it was found that the characteristic finding in pulmonary tuberculosis was a decrease in pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased area and in general decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased area was more extensive than had been expected from the chest roentgenogram, especially in the treated group. Lung inhalation scan showed almost similar distribution of radioactivity corresponding to the chest roentgenogram in minimal and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, but there was a variability in the moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. The measured values obtained from spirometry were parallel to the tuberculous lesion in chest roentgenogram.