• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.479-487
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of uncertainty in illness, hope, and spiritual well-being and to examine the relationship among uncertainty in illness, hope, and spiritual well-being of cancer patients. Method: The data were derived from answers to questionnaires obtained from 93 cancer patients at one general hospital in J area from April 6, 2004 to May 8, 2004. The collected data were analyzed by SSPS 10.0. Results: The mean score of uncertainty in illness of cancer patients was 55.96. The mean score of hope of cancer patients was 79.77, and spiritual well-being was 55.20. Uncertainty in illness of cancer patients was related negatively to hope(r=-.57, p=.000). Also uncertainty in illness of cancer patients was related negatively to spiritual well-being(r=-.57, p=.000). However, hope of cancer patients was related positively to spiritual well-being(r=.67, p=.000). Conclusion: Higher uncertainty in illness was related to lower hope and spiritual well-being of cancer patients. Based upon these results, nurses should help patients to improve their hope and spiritual well-being through mediation of uncertainty in illness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between spiritual well-being, depression and life satisfaction majoring in human service area. Methods: The subjects were 212 college students. Data was collected from september 15 to October 26, 2009 using questionnaires. Means with standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results: According to general characteristics of the students, there were statistically significant differences in spiritual well-being for religion and religious influence, in depression, there was statistically significant difference for health status, and in life satisfaction, there were statistically significant differences monthly pocket money, health status, current survival parents status, current problem. significant correlations were seen between spiritual well-being and depression (r=-.386, p =.000), life satisfaction (r=.536, p =.000). Conclusion: Spiritual well-being was significantly effects on depression and the life satisfaction. The finding suggest that it is needed to develop effective programs to improve spiritual well-being for college students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.673-685
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• 2016

This study investigated the mediating effects of resilience and social support on the association between psychological and spiritual well-being. The survey findings and resulting analysis of the 236 participants measured their psychological well-being, spiritual well-being, resilience, and social support follow: First, psychological well-being, resilience, and social support showed a positive correlation with spiritual well-being. Resilience shows high correlations with psychological and spiritual well-being. Second, the relationship between psychological and spiritual well-being was partially mediated by resilience, but was not mediated by social support. Lastly, the influence of resilience sub factors(self control capability, interpersonal relationship ability, positivity) on spiritual well-being shows that positivity was highly significant. Finally, this study discusses educational implications for increasing spiritual well-being for pastors' wives.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.822-830
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• 2005

Purpose: The study was to identify the relationship between the spiritual well-being, family support and depression in cancer patients. Method: Data were collected by questionnaires from 116 inpatients with cancer at one university hospital in J area using Spiritual Well-being Scale, Family Support Scale, and BDI. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Result: 1) The mean scores of well-being, family support, and depression were 107.28, 41.14, and 16.79 respectively. 2) There were significant differences in the spiritual well-being by age, education, religion, and social group. There were significant differences in the family support by age, education, and number of admission. There were significant differences in the depression by occupation and social group. 3) Depression was significantly correlated with spiritual well-being, and family support. 4) The most signifiant predictor which influenced depression in cancer patients was spiritual well-being, followed by occupation, age, family support. Conclusion: These results suggested that providing spiritual nursing intervention and enhancing family support will effectively decrease depression in cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on spiritual well-being and depression level of the hospice patients. Method: The subjects for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted in the hospice care unit from July 28, 2002 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self, Scripture, prayer, Hymn and music, use of church community involvement and refer to pastors according to assessment of patients' spiritual need for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi(1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well-being scale, which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well-being. To investigate level of depression, OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by x2-test, t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1.The 1st hypothesis, 'total spiritual well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2.The 1-1st sub-hypothesis, 'religious well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001, Interaction: p=0.000). 3.The 1-2nd sub-hypothesis, 'existential well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4.The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve spiritual well-being state and decrease depression level for the hospice patients. In the future, when the spiritual intervention, which the researcher developed, applied on nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and peaceful dying life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.286-295
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• 2017

Purpose: The World Health Organization identifies spiritual care as a component of health and thus nursing care. There is a need to identify how self-esteem, communication and existential well-being affects spiritual care competence in nurses. Methods: The participants were 189 nurses in G metropolitan city. The survey was conducted from March 21 to April 8, 2016, with a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Differences in spiritual care competence were statistically significant according to education level, work department, position, having received spiritual care education, experience of providing spiritual care, experience of asking religionist to provide spiritual care for a patient and recognition of need for spiritual care. The spiritual care competence of nurses showed a significantly positive correlation with self-esteem, communication and existential well-being. Factors influencing spiritual care competence were communication, experience of providing spiritual care and existential well-being which explained about 37.5% of spiritual care competence. Conclusion: It's necessary for nurses to develop intervention programs to strengthen spiritual care competence through improving communication, providing opportunities for spiritual care and existential well-being.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2013

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify correlation of spiritual well-being, social support, life satisfaction and depression in the community dwelling elderly, and to explore a possibility to apply the spiritual well-being, and social support as resources to promote welfare of the elderly. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from a convenience sample of 222 senior citizens, who visited social welfare centers in Gangwon-do from September to October, 2010. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results: There were significant differences in spiritual well-being based on religion, satisfaction to religion, economic status, physical health, and life satisfaction. Social support was significantly different according to economic status, physical health, life satisfaction, and social gathering. The existential well-being, family support, and special support had a significant effect on life satisfaction, and demonstrated positive correlations with the well-being of the elderly. Conclusion: Spiritual well-being and social support have significant effects on depression and life satisfaction of senior citizens. Thus spiritual well-being and social support can be considered as important factors that improve the elderly's quality of life.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.222-233
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between existential spiritual well-being, hope and self-empowerment in middle aged women. The subjects were 190 women who lived in Taegu, Korea and ranged in age from 35 to 59. The data was collected during the period from October 2nd to October 18th, 2002. The instruments were the revised existential spiritual well-being scale developed by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982), hope scale developed hope scale developed Nowotny(1989) and empowerment scale by Spreitzer(1995). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean score of existential spiritual well-being was 4.18. Mean score of hope was 2.80. Mean score of empowerment was 3.73. 2. The score of existential spiritual well-being showed significantly positive correlation with the score of hope(r=.508, P=.000), self-empowerment(r=.458, P=.000). 3. There were significant differences in existential spiritual well-being according to age, presence of religion, leisure time activity. 4. There were significant differences in hope according to leisure time activity. 5. The most powerful predictor of existential spiritual well-being was hope and the variance explained was 25.8%. A combination of competence, leisure time activity, meaning, impact for 37.2% of the variance in existential spiritual well-being of middle aged women. Further studies need to be done to identify the effect of competence through the repeated studies and to develop a hope promoting program which can cause positive effects on a existential spiritual well-being.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to analyze symptom distress and spiritual well-being in patients with cancer according cancer diagnosis, metastasis, treatment stage, number of hospitalizations and treatment modality. Method: The participants, 285 patients being treated in one of ten general hospitals either as in- or out-patients, completed the McCorkle and Young(1978) Symptom Distress Scale translated and adapted by Uhm(1986) and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale by Paloutzian and Ellison(1982) translated by Choi(1990). Data collection was done from June 19 to September 30, 2006. Results: For symptom distress, there were significant differences for cancer diagnosis(p=.018), metastasis(p=.000), treatment stage(p=.000), number of hospitalizations(p=.000), and treatment modality(p=.002). For spiritual well-being, the only significant difference was for cancer diagnosis(p=.002). Patients with ovarian/uterine cancer had the lowest spiritual well-being. Conclusion: For patients with cancer, symptom distress was significantly different for illness and treatment factors, in particular, stage of illness, while for spiritual well-being, patients with uterine ovarian cancer had the lowest spiritual level. These results indicate a need to develop nursing interventions to decrease symptom distress in patients according to treatment stage and to promote spiritual well-being, particularly in women with ovarian/uterine cancer.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on spiritual wee-being and depression level of the hospice patients. Method: The subjects for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted in the hospice care unit from July 28, 2000 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self, Scripture, prayer, Hymn and music, use of church community involvement and refer to pastors according to assessment of patients' spiritual need for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi(1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well-being scale, which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well-being. To investigate level of depression, OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by x2-test, t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1.The 1st hypothesis, 'total spiritual well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2.The 1-1st sub-hypothesis, 'religious well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001, Interaction: p=0.000). 3.The 1-2nd sub-hypothesis, 'existential well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4.The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve spiritual well-being state and decrease depression level for the hospice patients. In the future, when the spiritual intervention, which the researcher developed, applied on nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and peaceful dying life.