• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2014

This study examined the uplift bearing capacity of spiral steel pegs according to the degree of soil compaction and embedded depth in a small-scaled lab test. As a result, their uplift bearing capacity increased according to the degree of soil compaction and embedded depth. The uplift bearing capacity under the ground condition of 85% compaction rate especially recorded 48.9 kgf, 57.9 kgf, 86.2 kgf and 116.6 kgf at embedded depth of 25 cm, 30 cm, 35 cm and 40 cm, respectively, being considerably higher than under other ground conditions. There were huge differences in the uplift bearing capacity of spiral steel pegs according to the compaction conditions of ground. Their maximum uplift bearing capacity was 116.6 kgf under the ground condition of 85% compaction rate and at embedded depth of 40 cm, and it is very high considering the data of spiral steel pegs. It is thus estimated that wind damage can be effectively reduced by careful maintenance of ground condition surrounding spiral steel pegs. In addition, spiral steel pegs will be able to make a contribution to greenhouse structural stability if proper installation methods are provided including the number and interval according to the types of greenhouse as well as fixation of plastic film. The findings of the study indicate that the optimal effects of spiral steel pegs for greenhouse can be achieved at embedded depth of more than 35cm and compaction degree of more than 85%. The relative density of the model ground in the test was 67% at compaction rate of 85%.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.2 s.80
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• pp.175-184
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• 2004

When the columns of existing RC structures are repaired with FRP composites, the core concrete of the columns is confined by both materials of steel spirals (or steel hoops) and FRP composites because the FRP composites wrap the existing columns which have been already confined with steel spirals or hoops. As the stress-strain curves of steel and fiber are different to each other, the behavior of concrete columns confined with both steel spiral and FRP composites is also different to that of concrete columns confined with only steel spiral or FRP composites. Twenty four RC cylinders were tested in order to observe the behavior of RC cylinders confined with both materials. The observed results of the test showed that the behavior of the test cylinders confined with both materials was quite different to that of cylinders confined with only one material.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.823-836
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• 2019

Spiral welded tubes (SWTs) are fabricated by helically bending a steel plate and welding the resulting abutting edges. The cost-effectiveness of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns can be enhanced by utilising such SWTs rather than the more conventional longitudinal seam welded tubes. Even though the steel-concrete interface bond strength of such concrete-filled spiral-welded steel tubes (CF-SWSTs) is an important consideration in relation to ensuring composite behaviour of such elements, especially at connections, it has not been investigated in detail to date. CF-SWSTs warrant separate consideration of their bond behaviour to CFSTs of other tube types due to the distinct weld seam geometry and fabrication induced surface imperfection patterns of SWTs. To address this research gap, axial push-out tests on forty CF-SWSTs were carried out where the effects of tube material, outside diameter (D), outside diameter to wall thickness (D/t), length of the steel-concrete interface (L) and concrete strength grade (f'_c) were investigated. D, D/t and L/D values in the range 102-305 mm, 51-152.5 and 1.8-5.9 were considered while two nominal concrete grades, 20 MPa and 50 MPa, were used for the tests. The test results showed that the push-out bond strengths of CF-SWSTs of both mild-steel and stainless-steel were either similar to or greater than those of comparable CFSTs of other tube types. The bond strengths obtained experimentally for the tested CF-SWSTs, irrespective of the tube material type, were found to be well predicted by the guidelines contained in AISC-360.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the High Rate Spiral Clarifier(HRSC) availability for the improvement of polluted retention pond water quality. A lab scale and a pilot scale test was performed for this. The fluid flow patterns in a HRSC were studied using Fluent which is one of the computational fluid dynamic(CFD) programs, with inlet velocity and inlet diameter, length of body($L_B$) and length of lower cone(Lc), angle and gap between the inverted sloping cone, the lower exit hole installed or not installed. A pilot scale experimental apparatus was made on the basis of the results from the fluid flow analysis and lab scale test, then a field test was executed for the retention pond. In the study of inside fluid flow for the experimental apparatus, we found out that the inlet velocity had a greater effect on forming spiral flow than inlet flow rate and inlet diameter. There was no observable effect on forming spiral flow LB in the range of 1.2 to $1.6D_B$(body diameter) and Lc in the range of 0.35 to $0.5L_B$, but decreased the spiral flow with a high ratio of $L_B/D_B$ 2.0, $Lc/L_B$ 0.75. As increased the angle of the inverted sloping cone, velocity gradually dropped and evenly distributed in the inverted sloping cone. The better condition was a 10cm distance of the inverted sloping cone compared to 20cm to prevent turbulent flow. The condition that excludes the lower exit hole was better to prevent channeling and to distribute effluent flow rate evenly. From the pilot scale field test it was confirmed that particulate matters were effectively removed, therefore, this apparatus could be used for one of the plans to improve water quality for a large water body such as retention ponds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2017

This study is intended to provide navigator with specific information necessary to assist in the avoidance of collision and in operation of ships to evaluate the maneuverability of research vessel Jera. Authors carried out full-scale sea trials for turning test, zig-zag test, and spiral test at actual sea-going condition, which were performed on starboard and port sides with 10-20 rudder angle at service speed of 10 knots. The turning circle was much different at both of the turning of port and starboard which was longer at the starboard than at the port. In the zig-zag test results, the port and starboard was $10^{\circ}$ the first and second overshoot angles were $6.0^{\circ}$, $5.8^{\circ}$ and $6.3^{\circ}$, $7.1^{\circ}$ respectively and the first overshoot angles were $16.4^{\circ}$, $17.6^{\circ}$ when using $20^{\circ}$. Her maneuverability index T and N can be easily determined by using an analogue computer with the data obtained from the zig-zag tests where K is a constant representing the turning ability and T is a constant representing her quick response. In the zig-zag tests under $10^{\circ}$ or $20^{\circ}$ at rudder angle, the value K is 0.149. 0.123 sec- and T is 11.853 and 6.193 sec and angular velocity is $0.937^{\circ}/sec$ and $1.636^{\circ}/sec$. In the spiral test, the loop width was unstable at $+0.51^{\circ}$ and $-1.19^{\circ}$ around the midship of rudder, but the tangent line at $0^{\circ}$ was close to vertical. From the sea trial results, we found that she did comply with the present criterion in the standards of maneuverability of IMO.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.37-47
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• 2024

Purpose : Cancer survivors often suffer from postoperative sequelae. the diagnosing and provision of manual therapy using spiral taping significantly improves the quality of life of cancer patients. The aim of this case study is to investigate the immediate effects of spiral taping on pain, range of motion (ROM), chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), and lymphedema following breast cancer surgery. Methods : The taping techniques were performed as follows by spiral taping. The measurements were taken before, in the middle, and after taping using a mobile phone camera, tape measure, and a numerical rating score (NRS). The evaluation employed a single-group pre-post design based on a primitive experimental design. Results : Out of four patients, all four exhibited Reverse circle flow energy (RCFE), Passive cervical right (Rt) rotation test, anterior-posterior movement pattern, nerve type (+), cold energy (CE), sangcho acupuncture point, blood clot, hwal point. Comparing before and after treatment, almost all values were reduced to zero after treatment in terms of pain complaints. The lack of range of motion (ROM) caused by the shortened tissue after surgery did not increase. The range of motion (ROM) lost due to pain returned to normal. The circumference of lymphedema did not show a tendency. The symptoms of CIPN improved. Conclusion : There was a significant change in joint range of motion, with pain decreasing, but there were structural limitations in the tissue due to total resection, and the chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy scale. It was effectively treated surgical site pain, axillary membrane syndrome-induced pain, and unexplained pain. While there was a treatment effect for lymphedema in the evaluation of circumference values, there was no significant change in circumference. There was a significant effect on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, particularly in treating numbness in the feet, which is a side effect of TC anticancer drugs. This case study found that spiral balance taping provides a rapid therapeutic effect for most side effects in patients who have undergone total breast cancer resection. However, the generalization is limited due to the small sample size, and further research is needed to determine the extent to which the effects of one treatment are maintained.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.553-558
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• 2001

Recent destructive seismic events demonstrated the importance of mitigating human casualties and serious property damages in design and construction of structures. The Korean Bridge Design Specifications (1992) adopted seismic design requirements based on the AASHTO specification, and minor modification was made in 2000. The longitudinal steel connection of reinforced concrete bridge column is sometimes practically unavoidable. The longitudinal reinforcement details affect seismic performance such as flexural failure and shear failure. This research aims to develop longitudinal steel connection details with confinement steel by experimental study for seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge columns. Quasi-static test under three different axial load levels was conducted for 12 spiral column specimens. All the column specimens had the same aspect ratio of 3.5. The column specimens were transversely reinforced with spiral and with five different longitudinal steel connection. The final objective of this study is to suggest appropriate longitudinal reinforcement connection details for the limited ductility design concept and improve construction quality.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.51-57
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to figure out the effect of sacroiliac joints taping therapy on low back pain. Methods: 35 patients who visited to receive the treatments of the physical therapy in H orthopedic clinic in Kyoung-buk had been treated with spiral balance taping for 4weeks from 3 to 29, July 2006. They were divided 3 groups: acute, subacute, chronic. VAS(Visual Analogue Sacle) was analyzed for pain scale, and compared between the pre and post test among groups. Results: The acute patients' degree of the pain post therapy was decreased, the subacute patients' degree of the pain post therapy was decreased and the chronic patients' degree of the pain post therapy was decreased. There were statistically remarkable differences(p<0.05) in 3 groups. Conclusion: This results suggest that sacroiliac joints taping therapy to correct leg length inequality was effective on low back pain.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.345-352
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• 2001

Recent destructive seismic events demonstrated the importance of mitigating human casualties and serious property damages in design and construction of structures. The Korean Bridge Design Specifications (1992) adopted seismic design requirements based on the AASHTO specification, and minor modification was made in 2000. The longitudinal steel connection of reinforced concrete bridge column is sometimes practically unavoidable. The longitudinal reinforcement details affect seisimc performance such as flexural failure and shear failure. This research aims to develop longitudinal steel connection details with confinement steel by experimental study for seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge columns. Quasi-static test under three different axial load levels was conducted for 12 spiral column specimens. All the column specimens had the same aspect ratio of 3.5. The column specimens were transversely reinforced with spiral and with five different longitudinal steel connection. The final objective of this study is to suggest appropriate longitudinal reinforcement connection details for the limited ductility design concept and improve construction quality.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2005

In this study a general Galerkin FE lubrication analysis method was utilized to analyze the complex lubrication performance of a spiral groove seal having an additional inner circular groove, which was designed for a chemical process mixer operating at a low speed of the maximum 500 rpm. Equilibrium seal clearance analyses under varying outer pressure revealed that the seal maintains a certain levitation seal clearance under the outer pressure of more than about 1.5 bar, regardless of a rotating speed. Also, under the normal outer pressure of 11 bar, the axial stiffness of the seal was predicted to have a high value of more than 7.0 e + 07 N/m, regardless of a rotating speed and thereby, the seal is expected to maintain a stable thickness of lubrication film under a certain external excitation acting. A seal levitation test rig was designed and constructed. Experimental results at 500 rpm agreed well with analytical predictions and the applied lubrication analysis method was verified.