• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2021

Objective: This study aims to verify the conventional deadlift motions using by two different grips, thereby elucidating the grounds for effective training methods that can minimize the risk of injury. Method: Total of 18 healthy young adults were recruited for this study (age: 25.11±2.19 yrs., height: 175.67±5.22 cm, body mass: 78.5±8.09 kg, 1-RM: 125.75±19.48 kg). All participants were asked to perform conventional deadlift with two types of grips which are overhand grip (OG) and underhand grip (UG). In each grip, participant perform the deadlift with 50% and 80% of the pre-measured 1-RM. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 3 channels of EMG was performed in this study. A two-way ANOVA (group × load) with repeated measure was used for statistical verification. The significant level was set at α=.05. Results: There were significant differences in grip type and weight on the right shoulder joint, and only significant difference in grip on the left shoulder joint (p<.05). The hip joint ROM was significantly increased as the weight increased in both types of grips on phase 1, while the ROM of hip joint was significantly decreased as the weight increased only in the case of OG on phase 2 (p<.05). In case of the OG, as the weight, increased significantly increased L1 ROM and L3 ROM were revealed on phase 1 and phase 2, respectively (p<.05). Moreover, as the weight increased, UG revealed significantly decreased L5 ROM on phase 1, while both grips showed significantly increased ROM on phase 2 (p<.05). In addition, the erector spinae and the biceps femoris, which are synergist for the motion, showed a significant difference in both types of grip according to the weight (p<.05). The muscle activity ratio of gluteus maximus/biceps femoris showed a significant difference only in the UG according to the weight (p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, beginners might be suggested to use the UG for maintaining the neutral state of the lumbar spine and focus on the gluteus maximus muscle, which is the main activation muscle. For the experts, it may recommend alternative use of the OG and UG according to the training purpose to minimize the compensation effect.

• Composites Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2021

요추에 퇴행이 발생하였을 때 이를 치료하기 위해 요추 유합술이 시행된다. 유합술은 척추체 사이의 추간판을 제거하고 뼈 그래프트 등을 삽입하여 굳혀 하나 이상의 분절을 완전히 고정시켜 척추의 안정성을 복원한다. 둘 이상의 척추체가 단단히 유합될 수 있게끔 척추체를 고정하는 수단으로 척추경 나사못과 연결봉이 환자의 체내에 삽입된다. 본 연구에서는 중증 요추 퇴행성 질환의 치료에 쓰이는 척추 유합술에서 사용하는 척추경 나사못 구조물이 적용된 총 7개의 환자 맞춤형 요추 유한 요소 모델을 생성하였다. 생성한 모델에 각각 티타늄과 CFR-PEEK로 구성된 연결봉을 구성하였다. 척추의 4가지 대표적 거동에 대해 유한요소해석과 통계적 분석을 진행하여 연결봉의 재질이 척추 상태에 미치는 의공학적 영향을 조사하였다. 인접 분절의 추간판 내 압력과 각 분절의 관절 구동 범위가 의공학적 영향을 확인하기 위한 지표로 사용되었다. 연결봉에 CFR-PEEK를 사용한 경우 Ti 연결봉에 비해 인접 분절의 추간판 내 압력은 감소하였고 각 분절의 관절 구동 범위는 증가하였다. 그러나 모든 하중조건에서 통계학적으로 유의미한 경향성 차이는 관찰되지 않았다.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2020

Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of a newly-developed spinal orthoses (V-LSO) by comparing the stabilizing effect, abdominal pressure, and comfort of 3 different semirigid LSOs (classic LSO, V-LSO, and Cybertech^®) during various body movements. Method: Thirty healthy volunteers (23~47 years, 24 males, 6 females) were selected. A dual inclinometer measured the range of motion (ROM) while the participants performed flexion/extension and lateral flexion of the lumbar spine with 3 LSOs. The LSO's pressure on the abdominal surface was measured using 9 pressure sensors while lying, sitting, standing, flexion/extension, lateral flexion, axial rotation, and lifting a box. Comfort and subjective immobilization were analyzed by a questionnaire. Results: V-LSO had a statistically significant effect on flexion over Cybertech^®. No significant differences were noted during extension and lateral flexion between the 3 LSOs. The abdominal pressure showed no significant differences while supine. While sitting, standing, and lifting a box, the mean abdominal pressure for V-LSO were significantly higher than those for Cybertech^®. During lumbar flexion, the mean abdominal pressures for classic LSO and V-LSO were significantly higher than that of Cybertech^®. For extension, lateral flexion and axial rotation, the abdominal pressure for V-LSO was significantly higher than those of classic LSO and Cybertech^®. In the subjective analysis, V-LSO and Cybertech^® scored best for comfort. Conclusion: The V-LSO and Cybertech^® were more comfortable than the classic LSO, and hence, may have improved compliance with decreased discomfort. V-LSO may be superior to the other LSOs in restricting lumbar movement and increasing intraabdominal pressure.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

본 연구는 119구급대원의 근골격계 증상 호소율을 파악하고 증상 유소견자들에 대한 작업성 근골격계질환(WMSDs)을 유발하는 환자운반 작업에 대한 인간공학적 평가를 통해 작업 위험도를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 근골격계 유해요인 조사지침(KOSHA Code H-30-2008)을 활용한 설문도구를 이용하여 근골격계 증상 호소율을 파악하였으며, 환자운반 작업의 위험도는 인간공학적 평가도구인 OWAS, RULA, REBA를 이용하여 평가하였다. 연구결과 근골격계 증상 유경험자는 60.9%였으며 허리 부위의 증상 자각율(36.1%)이 가장 높았고 WMSDs을 유발하는 가장 큰 원인은 환자운반 작업(48.4%)이었다. 환자운반 작업의 인간공학적 위험도 평가 결과 주 들것을 구급차에 싣고 내리기, 들 것 장비를 이용하여 환자를 들어올리는 작업에서 OWAS는 3단계, RULA와 REBA는 3~4단계 수준이었고, 응급용들것으로 계단 이송, 척추고정판으로 차량내 환자 이동, 업거나 안고 계단이나 경사로를 이동하는 작업에서 OWAS, RULA, REBA 모두 3~4단계로 작업자세의 개선이 필요한 것으로 평가되어 119구급대원의 WMSDs 예방을 위해서는 즉각적인 작업자세의 개선이 요구된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.664-667
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• 2000

Objective : Excessive bleeding from the exposed cancellous bone surface may cause serious problem such as hematoma formation, infection, transfusion reaction during operation and postoperative period. There are several kinds of bleeding control agent on the cancellous bone surface including bone wax, gelatin sponge ($Gelfoam^{(R)}$), oxidized cellulose($Oxycel^{(R)}$, $Surgicel^{(R)}$), thrombin, microfibrillar collagen($Avitene^{(R)}$) etc. In the past, bone wax was used to control bone bleeding but it is associated with increased infection rate and fusion failure. Recently, gelfoam paste has been used to control cancellous bone bleeding. We controlled the cancellous bone bleeding with the mixture of gelfoam powder and thrombin powder. Material and Methods : Seventeen patients of posterior fusion on the 4 motion segments of thoracolumbar spine were selected to compare the result of bone bleeding control. In the test group of 9 patients, the cancellous bone bleeding was controlled with the mixture of Gelfoam and thrombin powder during operation. In the control group of 8 cases, no chemical hemostatic agent was used to manage the bone bleeding during operation. We calculated the total amount of bleeding from cancellous bone surface during and after operation in the two groups and compared their statistic significance of the result which was judged by student t-test. Results : The average amount of intraoperative bleeding was 1825ml in control group, 811ml in test group(p<0.01). The amount of postoperative bleeding was 943ml in control group and 812ml in test group, there were no significant difference in the amount of bleeding during postoperative period between two groups(p>0.5). Total amount of blood was decreased in as much as 1150ml in test group(p<0.01). Conclusion : We concluded that the application of the mixture of thrombin and gelfoam powder on the cancellous bone surface is the effective control method of cancellous bone bleeding for multilevel posterior spinal fusion.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2020

Objectives: This research study aimed to determine the effect of Korean medicine treatments on a patient with lumbar disc herniation accompanying polycystic kidney disease. Methods: Acupuncture, herbal medicine, pharmacopuncture, spine decompression therapy, Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT), and Chuna were preceded for treatment. We checked the patient's Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), numeric rating scale (NRS), and straight leg raise test (SLRT) on admission and discharge; we also used the NRS and SLRT to evaluate the patient's symptoms on every third day during the hospital stay. Because it is important to manage blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and blood pressure during the early stage of polycystic kidney disease, BUN and serum creatinine levels were checked weekly while blood pressure was checked every morning. Results: Twelve days after admission, the NRS for lower back pain and right leg pain decreased from 7 to 3 and from 7 to 2, respectively. The ODI value also decreased from 56 to 20 while the SLRT value increased from 30/70 to 60/70. The BUN and serum creatinine levels and the blood pressure readings were all within normal range every time they were checked. Conclusions: The use of Korean medicine treatments resulted in improvements in NRS, ODI, and SLRT on a patient with a herniated lumbar disc herniated who had a past history of polycystic kidney disease; thus, the patient was able to maintaining kidney functioning. Herbal medicine, an alternative method of analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs that has been evaluated as relatively safe on liver and kidney function, could be suggested on a patient with a past history of polycystic kidney disease to maintain kidney function when renal function and blood pressure are monitored.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of back muscle stretching on the flexibility of spinal column. Methods : The subjects were consisted of healthy adults (18 of females, 22 males ; mean aged 21.83) from 18 to 29. All subjects randomly assigned to the control group, back muscle stretching group. back muscle stretching group received back muscles stretching for 20 minutes per day and 3 times a week during 3 week period. Spine motion analyzer (Spinal Mouse) was used to measure the flexibility of spinal column. All measurement of each subjects were measured at pre-experiment, after 10 days, and after 21 days. Results : The results of this study were summarized below 1. The sacral tilt angle of the hip joint of control group, back muscle stretching group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment and after 10 days(p>0.5), but differency of each group occurred at after 21 days(p<0.5). the sacral tilt angle significantly increased at the back muscle stretching group rather than the control group. 2. The thoracic vertebral tilt angle of the control group, back muscle stretching group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment, after 10 days, after 21 days(p>0.5). 3. The lumbar vertebral tilt angle of the control group, back muscle stretching group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment, after 10 days, after 21 days(p>0.5). 4. The spinal tilt angle of control group, back muscle stretching group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment and after 10 days(p>0.5), but differency of each group occurred at after 21 days(p<0.5). the spinal tilt angle significantly increased at the back muscle stretching group rather than the control group(p>0.5). 5. The length of the spinal column of control group, back muscle stretching group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment and after 10 days (p>0.5), but differency of each group occurred at after 21 days(p<0.5). the length of the spinal column significantly increased at the back muscle stretching group rather than the control group(p<0.5). Conclusion : These data suggests that 3-week back muscle stretching improved the flexibility of sacrum, spinal column, and also improved spinal column lengthening. Additional randomized controlled trials to more fully investigate treatment effects and factors that may mediate these effects are needed.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of abdominal muscle strengthening exercises and back muscle stretching on the flexibility of spinal column. Methods: The subjects were consisted of healthy adults ( 28 of females, 32 males; mean aged 21.6) from 18 to 29. All subjects randomly assigned to the control group, back muscle stretching group, abdominal muscle strengthening exercises group. back muscle stretching group received back muscles stretching for 20 minutes, abdominal muscle strengthening exercises group received abdominal muscle strengthening exercises for 30 minutes per day and 3 times a week during 3 week period. Spine motion analyzer (Spinal Mouse) was used to measure the flexibility of spinal column. All measurement of each subjects were measured at pre-experiment, after 10 days, and after 21 days. Results: The results of this study were summarized below 1. The sacral tilt angle of the hip joint of control group, back muscle stretching group, abdominal strengthening exercises group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment and after 10 days(p>0.5), but differency of each group occurred at after 21 days(p<0.5). the sacral tilt angle significantly increased at the back muscle stretching group, abdominal muscle strengthening exercises group, rather than the control group. 2. The thoracic vertebral tilt angle of the control group, back muscle stretching group, abdominal muscle strengthening exercises group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment, after 10 days, after 21 days(p>0.5). 3. The lumbar vertebral tilt angle of the control group, back muscle stretching group, abdominal muscle strengthening exercises group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment, after 10 days, after 21 days(p>0.5). 4. The spinal tilt angle of control group, back muscle stretching group, abdominal muscle strengthening exercises group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment and after 10 days(p>0.5), but differency of each group occurred at after 21 days(p<0.5). the spinal tilt angle significantly increased at the back muscle stretching group, abdominal muscle strengthening exercises group, rather than the control group(p<0.5). 5. The length of the spinal column of control group, back muscle stretching group, abdominal muscle strengthening exercises group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment and after 10 days (p>0.5), but differency of each group occurred at after 21 days(p<0.5). the length of the spinal column significantly increased at the back muscle stretching group, abdominal muscle strengthening exercises group, rather than the control group(p<0.5). Conclusion: these data suggests that 3-week abdominal muscle strengthening exercises and back muscle stretching improved the flexibility of sacrum, spinal column, and also improved spinal column lengthening. Additional randomized controlled trials to more fully investigate treatment effects and factors that may mediate these effects are needed.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2015

Recently, during the multi-level fusion with pedicle screws, interspinous spacer are sometimes substituted for the most superior level of the fusion in an attempt to reduce the number of fusion level and likelihood of degeneration process at the adjacent level. In this study, a finite element (FE) study was performed to assess biomechanical efficacies of the interspinous spacer combined with posterior lumbar fusion with a previously-validated 3-dimensional FE model of the intact lumbar spine (L1-S1). The post-operative models were made by modifying the intact model to simulate the implantation of interspinous spacer and pedicle screws at the L3-4 and L4-5. Four different configurations of the post-op model were considered: (1) a normal spinal model; (2) Type 1, one-level fusion using posterior pedicle screws at the L4-5; (3) Type 2, two-level (L3-5) fusion; (4) Type 3, Type 1 plus Coflex$^{TM}$ at the L3-4. hybrid protocol (intact: 10 Nm) with a compressive follower load of 400N were used to flex, extend, axially rotate and laterally bend the FE model. As compared to the intact model, Type 2 showed the greatest increase in Range of motion (ROM) at the adjacent level (L2-3), followed Type 3, and Type 1 depending on the loading type. At L3-4, ROM of Type 2 was reduced by 34~56% regardless of loading mode, as compared to decrease of 55% in Type 3 only in extension. In case of normal bone strength model (Type 3_Normal), PVMS at the process and the pedicle remained less than 20% of their yield strengths regardless of loading, except in extension (about 35%). However, for the osteoporotic model (Type 3_Osteoporotic), it reached up to 56% in extension indicating increased susceptibility to fracture. This study suggested that substitution of the superior level fusion with the interspinous spacer in multi-level fusion may be able to offer similar biomechanical outcome and stability while reducing likelihood of adjacent level degeneration.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

임상현장에서 압력 바이오피드백 장치는 요통 환자들의 척추재활운동에 사용되고 있으나, 여러 가지 단점을 갖고 있다. 본 연구는 사용자에게 신체의 움직임과 균형을 센싱하고 모니터링하여 사용자에게 바이오피드백을 제공함으로써 척추재활운동시 실시간으로 정확한 운동방법과 자세를 제공하는 디지털화된 압력 바이오피드백 장치를 개발하고자 하였다. 그 후 사용성 평가를 진행하여 안전성, 수행성, 조작성, 만족성 등의 문제점을 파악하고 개선방향을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 총 33명으로 전문가 평가 집단 11명, 사용자 평가 집단 22명으로 실제 개발된 장비를 사용 후 5점 척도로 평가하였다. 사용자 집단에서는 안전성 3.59점, 조작성 4.38점, 만족성 4.49점으로 나타났으며, 전문가 집단에서는 안전성 2.86점, 조작성 3.91점, 수행성 4.28점으로 나타났다. 본 사용성 평가를 바탕으로 태블릿PC 거치대의 안정성 문제, 공기주입, 화면 표시 등의 문제점을 개선한다면 척추안정화 운동을 하면서 실시간 자신의 운동상태를 확인하여 정확한 운동과 기능 평가가 가능한 운동장치가 될 것이다.