• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 2019

Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) can occur naturally or traumatically and is most common in patients with an underlying disease of the vascular structure or coagulation disorder. Most SEHs occur naturally for no apparent reason, and epidural hematoma caused by trauma is less common, comprising 1.0%-1.7% of total spinal injuries. Few reports of SEH induced cauda equine syndrome resulting from low-energy injury caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are available. The authors experienced a case of delayed SEH after hemorrhage due to a low-energy injury in an elderly patient. No cases in Korea have been reported; therefore, this case is reported with a review of the relevant literature.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.193-205
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• 2006

This study was to analysis the kinematic and kinetic differences between new walking shoe(NWS : RYN) and general walking shoe(GWS). The subjects for this study were 10 male adults who had the walking pattern of rearfoot shrike with normal foot. The movement of one lower leg was measured using plantar pressure and Vicon Motion Analysis Program(6 MX13 and 2 MX40 cameras : 100 f / s) while the subjects walked at the velocity(1.5m/s. on 2m).. The results of this study was as follows : 1. The NWS was better than the GWS that caused injuries such as adduction, abduction and pronation are reduced While walking on a perpendicular surface, the landing angle and the knees angles were extensive which makes walking more safe which reduces anxiety and uneasiness. 2. The bottom of the NWS were now made into a more circular arch which supports the weight of the body and reduces the irregular angles when wearing GWS. This arch made the supporting area more wide which made the upholding the trunk of the body more effective. The whole bottom of the foot that supports the weight is more flexible in addition, increases the safeness of walking patterns and the momentum of the body. 3. The moment the heel of the foot of the NWS touch the ground, the range of the pressure were partially notable and the range of the pressure on the upper part of the thigh were dispersed The injuries that occurred while walking. primary factors when a shock related injuries are reduced Judgements of the impacts of the knees and the spinal column dispersing could be made.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2022

While swimming is a very popular competitive sports activity, swimming injuries are unique due to the repetitive nature of the swimming stroke and demanding training programs that can result in upper limb overuse. Therefore, the primary objective of this review was to analyze swimmers' injury areas, injury types by stroke type, and swimming rehabilitation, as well as to discuss safety management for improving swimming performance. In this study, the injuries incurred in swimming events were discussed in the order of upper limb injuries (neck, shoulder, arm, and wrist), lower limb injuries (knee and ankle), and waist injuries. An analysis by stroke type found that shoulder injuries occurred most often with freestyle, backstroke, and butterfly strokes, followed by rotator cuff injury, impingement syndrome, and SLAP (superior labral tear from anterior to posterior) lesions. Knee injuries were associated with the breaststroke, whereas spinal cord injuries occurred with the breaststroke and butterfly stroke. Finally, back injuries were associated with the butterfly stroke. During the freestyle stroke, the shoulder undergoes repetitive overhead movement; hence, shoulder and musculoskeletal pain are the most common and well-documented complaints of swimmers. For safety management, coaches and instructors must ensure that athletes do sufficient warm-up and cool-down exercises to avoid injuries. In case of an injury, they should be familiar with first aid measures so that secondary damage can be prevented with its quick application. In addition, coaches and instructors need to be trained in injury prevention and treatment so that they can provide appropriate rehabilitation treatment for athletes. Although swimming-related injuries cannot be completely eliminated, to reduce them to a minimum, leaders need the knowledge to apply scientific and systematic training principles and methods individualized for each athlete.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 1999

Sexual life is one of the most important things for the quality of living, which nobody can ignore. Especially, spinal cord injury is one of the most typical disabilities, which can cause abrupt changes of sexuality. Hence, sexual adjustment and its subordinate problems have to be dealt with among various problems caused by spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to comparative sexual interest and adjustment between the married and the unmarried people with SCI. A total of 134 persons who were registered members of SCI organization and admitted rehabilitation unit between February and June 1999 were included in the study. The sample consisted of 69 unmarried and 64 married people with SCI. Participants answered the 15 items concerning sexual interest, sexual adjustment. The results are as follows: 1) The mean score of sexual interest for the unmarried was 16.4. From seven topics related to sexuality, the greatest interest was to cope emotionally with changes in sexual functioning. For the married, mean score of sexual interest was 13.8 and the greatest interest was to help a partner cope emotionally with limitation on sexual dysfunction. There were significant difference sexual interest between two groups (t=3.75, p= .00). 2) Each mean score for sexual adjustment in the married and the unmarried was 20.0, 19.6. There were no significance difference sexual interest between two groups (t=.24, p= .811). However, there was a statistically significant difference of sexual interest. 3) Sexual interests and adjustments are not correlated in case of the unmarried that have r score= .224, while they are corrlated in case of the married that have r= .398. Because the average age of the SCI becomes lower and lower, sexual rehabilitation programs should be given the unmarried as well as the married with SCI. In conclusion, the spinal injured's major concerns about their sexual life are different between the married and the unmarried-the unmarried are interested in practical problems such as methods and techniques to achieve sexual satisfaction and their fertility, while the married give priority to considerations about their spouse. Paying attention to different sexual interest according to marital status, we should make two different sexual rehabilitation programs for each group. One program including support groups with their sposes for the married, the other program to give a chance t o solve problems of sexuality for the unmarried with SCI.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.162-170
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• 2015

This paper describes the development of a hand module of NREX (National Rehabilitation Center Robotic Exoskeleton) designed to assist individuals with sustained neurological impairments such as stroke and spinal cord injuries. To construct a simple and lightweight hand module, the robotic hand adopts a mechanism driven by a motor and moved by two four-bar linkages. The motor facilitates the flexion-extension movements of the thumb and the other four fingers simultaneously. Thus, an individual using the robotic hand module can effectively grip and release objects related to daily life activities. The robotic hand module has been designed to cover the range of motion with respect to its link distance. This hand module can be used in therapeutic rehabilitation as well as for daily life assistance. In addition, this hand module can either be mounted on an NREX or used as a standalone module.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.449-452
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• 2005

Blunt carotid artery injury is uncommon, yet not rare. However, it is often underdiagnosed because of inconsistent early symptoms or masking by the presence of coexisting brain and spinal injuries. The delay between the accident and the onset of cerebral ischemic symptoms is variable and has been reported to range from minutes to ten years. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report on a case presented with delayed intracerebral hemorrhage 25months after blunt carotid artery injury. We report on a case with discussion of supporting evidence and possible mechanisms.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.367-370
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• 2010

We present a case of posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod fixation in a patient with an aberrant vertebral artery (VA) course combined with bilateral high-riding VA. An aberrant VA which courses below the posterior arch of the atlas (C1) that does not pass through the C1 transverse foramen and without an osseous anomaly is rare. However, it is important to consider an abnormal course of the VA both preoperatively and intraoperatively in order to avoid critical vascular injuries in procedures which require exposure or control of the VA, such as the far-lateral approach and spinal operations.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.68-71
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• 2012

Acute injuries to skeletal muscles can lead to significant pain and disability. Muscle pain results in muscle weakness and range of motion (ROM) decreases. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) promote tissue repair, healing rates and reduce musculoskeletal pain. The results of many previous studies suggest that PEMF can contribute to chronic pain reduction, particularly in musculoskeletal injurys. However, we do not have enough information of its effects compared to a placebo. The principal objective of this study was to investigate differences in acute pain induced by the direct destruction of muscle tissue (extensor digitorum) with varying times of the application of PEMF, measured through the expression of c-fos on the spinal cord. Significant reduction of pain was found in groups exposed to PEMF and the group exposed to PEMF immediately after muscle injury showed the most significant differences. In conclusion, PEMF may be a useful strategy in reducing acute pain in muscle injury.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2005

We report five patients of esophageal injuries confirmed by clinical signs and radiological evidences. They include a partial tear and a perforation which were not noticed during the operation, a perforation which was primarily repaired during the operation, and two perforations which occurred during the reoperations for the removal of mal-positioned screws or plate. The partial tear was not repaired. The perforation which occurred during the operation was primarily sutured and didn't receive further treatment. Two perforations which occurred during the reoperations were treated by irrigation, debridement with surgical drainage, and systemic antiobiotics. One who was diagnosed later after the operation showed the poorest outcome and required longest hospital days among our series. Early detection and appropriate treatment of esophageal injury following anterior spinal surgery can only improve the prognosis by preventing secondary complications.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.653-663
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• 2018

Patients with spinal cord injuries cannot move their limbs using their intact muscles. A suitable controller can be used to move their arms by employing the functional electrical stimulation method. In this article, a fuzzy exponential sliding-mode controller is designed to move a musculoskeletal human arm model to track an optimal trajectory in the sagittal plane. This optimal arm trajectory is obtained by developing a policy for the central nervous system. In order to specify the optimal trajectory between two points, two dynamic and static optimal criteria are applied simultaneously. The first dynamic objective function is defined to minimize the joint torques, and the second static optimization is offered to minimize the muscle forces at each moment. In addition, fuzzy logic is used to tune the sliding-surface parameter to enable an appropriate tracking performance. Simulation results are evaluated and compared with experimental data for upward and downward movements of the human arm.