• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2003

These studies were carried out to investigate the amounts and preferences of Oligota kashmirica benefica to 3 species of phytophagous mites and cannibalism. The number of mites consumed by an adult beetle tended to increase as prey density and temperature go up. In the constant temperature of 25$^{\circ}C$, average number of consumed adult mites by an adult of O. kashmirica benefica to Panonychus citri, Tetranychus urticae and T. kanzawai were 21.9, 13.5, and 14.1 for a day, respectively. The number of mites consumed by larva of O, kashmirica benefica tended to increase as the larva grow up. First, 2nd and 3rd larva of the beetle consumed 2.8, 11.2 and 25.4 adult of citrus red mite (P. citri) for a day, respectively. Total number of mites consumed during larval stage (5 days, 25$^{\circ}C$) to P. citri, T. urticae and T. kanzawai were 77.7, 61.3 and 73.0, respectively. The larva and adult beetle did not prefer specific species in the P. citri, T. urticae and T. kanzawai, and when there was no diet, few incidents of cannibalism between different developmental stage were observed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.39-51
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• 1969

The study involved determination of resistance levels of spider mites ta argano-phosphates using topical application and slide dip techniques; laboratory serening tests of alternative acaricides using an O/P resistant strain and a field trial of the screened materials. 1. Strains of Tetranychus were from Timaru(TR), Havelock Narth (HNR), Lincaln (LN). Germany (GR, GN). Comparisons of the resistant strains and normal strains at the LD50 and LC50 levels were as follows : (a) Using the topical application tochnique; with Parathian. resistant levels of the GR. TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were respeativuly, 1035. 484 and 452 times as resistant' as the LN strain. (b) Using the slide dip technique; with Phosdrin, resistant of GR, TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were 635, 274 and 266 times greater respeativuly, than the GN strain. 2. The laboratory sereaning tests were carried out far their contact plus stomach and residual effect to assess the toxicities of eleven alternative materials which would be used far control of O/P resistant strain of T. urticae. The acaricide groups represented were 3 organo-chlorines (Spidex, Kelthane and C 8514), 2 nitrophenyls (UC 19786 and Morocide), 2 cyclic carbonates(Eradex and Morestan). I carbamate (UC2004 7A), 1 mixture of carbamate and orano-chlorine and 2 other chemicals (C 8677 and M2527). From all acaricide tested. Kelthane and Morocide were the most effective, folowed by Spidex and M2527. Morestan, C8514. C8677 and RS 143 were intermediate, but Eradex, UC 19786 and UC 20046A were poor. 3, The number of sapmles required for estimation of the population in the field evaluation of acaricidal effects was one giving the highest practical precision. It was decided, after preliminary sampling trials. to use samples of 30 leaves per replicate which gave a $5.7\%$ standard error. 4. In the field trials, Morocide applied at the $0.05\%\;and\; 0.04\%$ a. i. conc. to black currant trees gave excellent control of O/P resistant population of T. urticae for about 12 days, but Morocide 0.025 and Kel thane $0.02\%$ a. i. cone. gave efficient control for about 6 days. In other words. first applications of Kel thane ane Moroeide gave very high degrees of control of O/P resistant population of the two-spotted spider mite. However, the results indicate that secondary application would sometimes be necessary. There was no foliage damage of black Currants and strawberries by either acaricides at the concentrations used. Acknowledgment ... The authors are grateful to: Dr. R. P. pottinger, Senior Lecturer in Agricultural Zoology. Lincoln college. New Zealand. for his helpful assistance in aiding with the organization of thd field work. Department of agriculture officers for mite colonies. Mr. D. A. Slade, Technical Advisor. Fruitgrowers' Federation (now at Massey University) for his assistance and provision of mites for testing. Mr T. McRae of Timaru for permission to use his crops for field tests. The following chemical companies and I or their New Zealand agents for so readily supplying samples of acarides; Ivan Watkins-Dow Limited. Fruitgrowers Chemical Company Limited. Henry H. York & company (New Zealand). Shell Oil (New Zealand) Limited.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.24-28
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• 2004

Predaceous phytoseiid mites can be important components in integrated mite management program including bio-logical control of spider mites. While conducting population study of prey-predator system in pear orchards, 6 predaceous phytoseiids were found. Amblyseius womersleyi, A. eharai, A. kokufuensi and A. finlandicus were mostly found from tree canopy. While A. rademacheri was restricted in ground vegetation, A. makuwa was equally distributed in ground vegetation and tree trunk. Some ecological information for each species was reviewed. Strate-gies for their potential utility in pest management program and future study area were discussed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2021

Integrated mite management provided a basic direction to early the fruit tree IPM. The early IPM concept was based on incorporation of the biological control for mite pests with the existing chemical control compatibly. Since then, the hypotheses and mechanisms of the interaction between species diversity and pest population dynamics have provided a broader understanding of mite-centered pest management in fruit tree ecosystems. Based on the principle of the ecosystem, biological control and pest management through habitat modification or manipulation are developing to the concept of agro-ecological engineering. In particular, the natural enemy diversity is dynamically changed according to the different cultivation environment in the management of mite pests, and the species composition of phytophagous mites is also changed by the environment for orchard management. This paper reviews the biological control of mites, which was the basis of apple IPM, and also re-examines the topics of species diversity and pest management, predacious mite diversity in relation to mite control and the change of species composition of mite pests in the sight of ecological engineering. Finally, we suggest a strategy for biological control of spider mites in apple orchards in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.17-20
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• 2001

The preference ratio of spider mites (Tetranychus urticae and T. kanrawai) on the chrysanthemum, Gypsophila paniculata, Carnation and Rose was high, but Lilium, Calla, Startis and Gladiolus was low. Field adaptability of Tetranychus kanzawai on the chrysanthemum variety was high in Yellowment variety but low in five other varieties. That of T. urticae line was high on 9818-1, 9819-5, 9820-6 chrysanthemum lines but low on other six lines . Preference ratio of T. urticae was 82.8% higher on upper than on lower surfaces in the field.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• no.nspc3
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• pp.45-58
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• 1992

Tetranychoid mites found from Korea until now are 42 species belonging to 12 genera, 2 families as follows: 1 Bryobia japonica Ehara et Yamada, 2. B. praetiosa Koch, 3. B. rubrioculus(Scheuten), 4. Petrobia latens(Muller), 5. Aponychus corpuzae Rimando, 6. A firmianae(Ma et Yuan). 7. Panonychus citri(McGregor), 8. P. ulmi(Koch), 9. Eotetranychus carpini Oudemans, 10. E. hicoriae(McGregor), 11. E. populi(Koch), 12. E. rubiphilus (Reck), 13. E. sexmaculatus (Riley), 14. E. smithi Pritchard et Baker, 15. E. tiliarium (Hermann), 16. E. uchidai Ehara, 17. Schizotetranychus bambusae Reck, 18. S. celarius(Banks), 19. S. leguminosus Ehara, 20. Oligonychus aceris(Shimer), 21. O. clavatus(Ehara), 22. O. hondoensis(Ehara), 23. O. ilicis(McGregor), 24. O. karamatus(Ehara), 25. O. orthius Rimando, 26. O. peridtus Pritchard et Baker, 27. O. shinkajii Ehara, 28. O. pustulosus (Ehara), 29. O. ununguis(Jacobi), 30. O. sp. 31. Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, 32. T. phaselus Ehara, 33. T. truncatus Ehara, 34. T. urticae Koch, 35. T. vienensis Zacher, 36. Aegyptobia nothus Pritchard et Baker, 37. Pentamerismus taxi (Haller), 38. P. oregonensis McGregor, 39. Brevipalpus californicus(Banks), 40. B. lewisi McGregor, 41. B. obovatus Donnadieu, 42. Tenuipalpus zhizhilashviliae Reck. On the above species, a taxanomic key was made and ecological data including distribution and host plant are presented in this paper.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2004

Toxicities of 42 pesticides (13 acaricides, 13 insecticides, 13 fungicides and 3 adjuvants) commonly used to control rose insect, mite, and disease pests were evaluated to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae egg and adult, and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis egg, nymph and adult at the recommended concentration. The effect of density suppression of T urticae by predatory mite and pesticide mixture on the rose in the greenhouses was also investigated. Among 13 acaricides tested, acequinocyl, bifenazate, fenbutatin oxide and spirodiclofen showed much less toxicity to P. persimilis than to T urticae. Among insecticides, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid＋etofenprox showed low toxicity to P. persimilis. and T ruticae. Among 13 fungicides, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triadimefon, triflumizole and oxadixyl＋mancozeb had a negligible effect on P. persimilis and T. urticae. Among three adjuvants, cover and siloxane expressed high toxicity, while spreader showed very low toxicity to P. Persimilis. In the greenhouses experiments, the density of T urticae before treatment was 65.3 mites per leaf. However, their density after release about 30 predatory mites per rose abruptly decreased from 3.8 mites at 11th day to zero mite at 20th day. During survey periods, four treatments of fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triflumizole) for the control of Sphaerotheca pannosa and one treatment of insecticide (spinosad) the control of Frankliniella occidentalis were applied, and these treatments had no the pesticides had no effect on the predatory mite density. It may be suggested from these results that four acaricides, five insecticides, seven fungicides, and one adjuvant could be incorporated into the integrated T. urticae management system with P. persimilis on rose cultivation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1998

Infestations of two spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, on glasshouse rose (Rosa sp.) grown by an arching method, were determined by counts of the number of TSSM per leaflet in Buyeo, Chungnam Province, for a 2-yr period. Binomial sampling plans were developed based on the relationship between mean density per leaflet (m), and proportion of leaflets infested with ( T mites (PT), according to the empirical model In (m) = a+p In (-ln (1 -PT)). T was defined as tally threshold, and set to 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mites per leaflet. Increasing sample size had little effects on the precision of the binomial sampling plan, regardless of tally threshold. However, the precision increased with higher tally thresholds. There was a negligible improvement in precision with T ) 7 mites per leaflet. T= 7 was chosen as the best tally threshold for estimating densities of TSSM based on the precision of the model. Independent data set was used to evaluate the model. The binomial model with T= 7 provided reliable predictions of mean densities of TSSM observed on the commercial glasshouse roses.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2020

In the strawberry cultivation areas and domestic farms, two-spotted spider mites are the most serious pests. It decreases the product yield due to the direct feeding of chlorophyll by the mites resulting in reduced photosynthetic ability of host plant. In this study, a simplified acaricidal effect evaluation system (SAEES) was employed to choose the effective acaricidal products among 10 items based on leaf-dipping bioassay methods. SAEES had the advantage of being able to screen four commercial products with three replications at the same time in the recommended concentration. The susceptible strains (SL_YS) showed a high mortality rate of about 90-100%, whereas the mortality of local strains was differed by each acaricides. It suggests that the acaricide responses of field populations might differ due to spray frequencies and acaricide product. An efficacy index (0.8-1.0) was determined based on the mortality of susceptible strain, which would allow the most effective commercial products to be selected by the range of this index. In summary, SAEES will enable the selection of effective commercial products and contribute to increasing control against T. urticae in strawberries.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 1995

These experiments were conducted to investigate the life history and the seasonal fluctuation of population density of tea red spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and to observe its natural enemies in the southern area. Under field-cage conditions, tea red spider mite occurred 11~12 generations. The average periods from egg to adult emergence were 8.7~13.1 days in summer and 12.6~24.9 days in spring and autumn. The average longevities of adults were 15.5~21.9 days in summer and 25.1~31.6 days in spring and autumn. The average number of eggs laid per female were 45.1 in summer and 52.6 in spring and autumn. Tea red spider mite population showed two peaks during April-June, and appeared third or forth peak during October-November. The density of all the stages was the lowest in July through August. Tea red spider mites stayed at lower parts of tea plants in March but they moved to upper parts in April though June, and they again moved to lower parts after autumn. Tea red spider mite overwintered as all stages. Adults were the dominant overwintering stage during this stage. The surveyed natural enemies of the tea red spider mite were 7 species including Amblyseius longispinosus (Evans), A. eharai Amitei et Swirski, Anystis baccarun (L), Agistemus fleschneri Summers, Orius sauteri Poppius, Oligota yasumatsui Kistner and Scolothrips sp.